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題名 受助者負債感之內涵與其前因後果之探討
以組織內的受助事件為例
作者 林宜旻
Lin,Yi Min
貢獻者 陳彰儀
Chen,Chang- I
林宜旻
Lin,Yi Min
關鍵詞 負債感
人情
情感
角色
回報
日期 2003
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 13:15:33 (UTC+8)
摘要 「負債感」是一般人受助後常見的反應，目前有關負債感的研究，大都承襲Greenberg（1980）的負債感理論（theory of indebtedness）並將「負債感」視為單一概念，也就是負債感只有「量」的差別，沒有「質」的差異。為了澄清負債感的內涵，研究一針對八名組織員工進行深度訪談，該研究請受訪者回憶自己過去的受助經驗與感受。研究結果顯示，負債感至少可以區分成三種性質：情感性、工具性及威脅性。從研究一的訪談資料中研究者也發現，人們受助於不同關係（情感水準、角色地位）的施助者，其負債感受似乎不太相同。此外，不同負債感所引發的回報行為似乎也有些許差異。
承續研究一的發現，研究二與研究三繼續探討受助者的三種負債感與其前因變項（情感水準及角色地位）和後果變項（回報行為）的關係。研究二採用問卷調查法收集組織成員「實際」的受助經驗，有效樣本為259名組織員工。本研究將情感水準區分為「很好」、「普通」與「不好」。「角色地位」分成「主管」、「平行同事」及「部屬」。驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，本研究採用共變數分析(ANCOVA)，獨變項為「情感水準」與「角色地位」，依變項為三種負債感，控制變項為「動機歸因」等八個可能影響負債感的因素。關於負債感與後果變項的關係，本研究以階層複迴歸分析進行研究假設的驗證，預測變項為三種負債感，效標變項為「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」，研究二的結果顯示：
一、負債感與前因變項的關係
1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
2.「角色地位」在情感性負債感有主要效果，但是，在其他兩種負債感的主要效果並未達顯著水準。
3.「情感水準」與「角色地位」在情感性負債感有交互作用。
二、負債感與後果變項的關係
1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」無關。
2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」無關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
研究三以「情境故事實驗法」重複驗證研究二的假設，該研究的樣本為455名組織員工。由於研究二的結果顯示，控制變項「動機歸因」與負債感有很大的關聯。因此，研究三除了重複驗證研究二的假設之外，還將動機歸因這個因素一併納入探討。本研究驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，採用變異數分析（ANOVA），獨變項為「情感水準」、「角色地位」及「動機歸因」，依變項為三種負債感。驗證負債感與後果變項的關係時，是以複迴歸分析進行，預測變項與效標變項同研究二。研究三的結果顯示：
一、負債感與前因變項的關係
1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
2.「角色地位」在三種負債感的主要效果均未達顯著水準。
3.「情感水準」與「動機歸因」在情感性及威脅性負債感有交互作用。
二、負債感與後果變項的關係
1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」呈負相關，與「短期回報」無關。
2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」呈負相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
從以上結果我們可以發現，研究二與研究三的結果大致相似，在研究討論的部分，研究者針對區分三種負債感的合理性及其與前因後果的關係進行討論。最後，對本研究的限制、未來的研究方向與實務應用的建議提出說明。
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描述 博士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
86752501
92
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0867525011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳彰儀zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen,Chang- Ien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林宜旻zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin,Yi Minen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林宜旻zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin,Yi Minen_US
dc.date (日期) 2003en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 13:15:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 13:15:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 13:15:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0867525011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32498-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 86752501zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 「負債感」是一般人受助後常見的反應，目前有關負債感的研究，大都承襲Greenberg（1980）的負債感理論（theory of indebtedness）並將「負債感」視為單一概念，也就是負債感只有「量」的差別，沒有「質」的差異。為了澄清負債感的內涵，研究一針對八名組織員工進行深度訪談，該研究請受訪者回憶自己過去的受助經驗與感受。研究結果顯示，負債感至少可以區分成三種性質：情感性、工具性及威脅性。從研究一的訪談資料中研究者也發現，人們受助於不同關係（情感水準、角色地位）的施助者，其負債感受似乎不太相同。此外，不同負債感所引發的回報行為似乎也有些許差異。
承續研究一的發現，研究二與研究三繼續探討受助者的三種負債感與其前因變項（情感水準及角色地位）和後果變項（回報行為）的關係。研究二採用問卷調查法收集組織成員「實際」的受助經驗，有效樣本為259名組織員工。本研究將情感水準區分為「很好」、「普通」與「不好」。「角色地位」分成「主管」、「平行同事」及「部屬」。驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，本研究採用共變數分析(ANCOVA)，獨變項為「情感水準」與「角色地位」，依變項為三種負債感，控制變項為「動機歸因」等八個可能影響負債感的因素。關於負債感與後果變項的關係，本研究以階層複迴歸分析進行研究假設的驗證，預測變項為三種負債感，效標變項為「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」，研究二的結果顯示：
一、負債感與前因變項的關係
1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
2.「角色地位」在情感性負債感有主要效果，但是，在其他兩種負債感的主要效果並未達顯著水準。
3.「情感水準」與「角色地位」在情感性負債感有交互作用。
二、負債感與後果變項的關係
1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」無關。
2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」無關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
研究三以「情境故事實驗法」重複驗證研究二的假設，該研究的樣本為455名組織員工。由於研究二的結果顯示，控制變項「動機歸因」與負債感有很大的關聯。因此，研究三除了重複驗證研究二的假設之外，還將動機歸因這個因素一併納入探討。本研究驗證前因變項與負債感的關係時，採用變異數分析（ANOVA），獨變項為「情感水準」、「角色地位」及「動機歸因」，依變項為三種負債感。驗證負債感與後果變項的關係時，是以複迴歸分析進行，預測變項與效標變項同研究二。研究三的結果顯示：
一、負債感與前因變項的關係
1.「情感水準」在三種負債感都有主要效果。
2.「角色地位」在三種負債感的主要效果均未達顯著水準。
3.「情感水準」與「動機歸因」在情感性及威脅性負債感有交互作用。
二、負債感與後果變項的關係
1.情感性負債感與「情感回報」呈正相關，與「等量回報」呈負相關，與「短期回報」無關。
2.工具性負債感與「情感回報」、「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
3.威脅性負債感與「情感回報」呈負相關，與「等量回報」及「短期回報」呈正相關。
從以上結果我們可以發現，研究二與研究三的結果大致相似，在研究討論的部分，研究者針對區分三種負債感的合理性及其與前因後果的關係進行討論。最後，對本研究的限制、未來的研究方向與實務應用的建議提出說明。		zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機與目的.…………………………………………1

第二章 文獻探討...………………………………………………..5
第一節 助人行為的相關研究.……………………………………….5
第二節 負債感的相關研究…………………………………………12
第三節 華人社會中的「報」與「人情債」………………………18
第四節 人際關係與人際腳本....……………………………………25
第五節 回報行為..…………………………………………………..33

第三章 研究一：負債感內涵之探討.………………………….38
第一節 三種負債感的意義…………………………………………39
第二節 其他相關結果..……………………………………………..50

第四章 研究二：負債感與情感水準、角色地位之關係及其
與回報行為之關係.………………….………56
第一節 研究架構與假設..……..……………………………………56
第二節 研究方法..………..…………………………………………70
第三節 研究結果..………..…………………………………………74
第四節 結論..……………..…………………………………………96


第五章 研究三：負債感與情感水準、角色地位、動機歸因之關係
及其與回報行為之關係.………………………104
第一節 研究架構與假設…..…..……………………………………104
第二節 研究方法………………..…………………………………..110
第三節 研究結果………………..…………………………………..112
第四節 結論……………………..…………………………………..126

第六章 總結與討論…..………………..…………………………. 130
第一節 總結..…………………..…………………………………....130
第二節 討論..…………………..…………………………………....134
第三節 研究限制、建議與貢獻…………………………………....146

參考文獻……………..………………………………………………152

附錄…..……………..………………………………………………..163
附錄一 研究二的問卷....………………………………………….164
附錄二 研究三的問卷(1)：受助於「情感很好的部屬」且
「利他歸因」版本..……….………..168
研究三的問卷(2)：受助於「情感很好的部屬」且
「利己歸因」版本.………..………..172







表目錄

表2-1 五種人際關係原型之特徵………………………………………..29
表3-1 研究一受訪者基本資料…………………………………………..38
表4-1 研究二樣本基本資料……………………………………………..70
表4-2 研究二「情感水準量表」題目及因素負荷量…………………..75
表4-3 研究二「負債感量表」題目及因素負荷量…….……………….76
表4-4 研究二「回報行為量表」題目及因素負荷量…………………..77
表4-5 研究二各變項的平均數、標準差及變項間的相關係數………..79
表4-6 研究二情感水準與角色地位在「情感性負債感」的共變數
分析結果…………………………………………………………..80
表4-7 研究二各組在「情感性負債感」的平均數和標準差..…………81
表4-8 研究二情感水準與角色地位在「工具性負債感」的共變數
分析結果...………………………………………………………..82
表4-9 研究二各組在「工具性負債感」的平均數和標準差….………82
表4-10 研究二情感水準與角色地位在「威脅性負債感」的共變數
分析結果………………………………………………………….83
表4-11 研究二各組在「威脅性負債感」的平均數和標準差……..……84
表4-12 研究二負債感在「情感回報」的階層複迴歸分析…..…………87
表4-13 研究二負債感在「等量回報」的階層複迴歸分析………..……88
表4-14 研究二負債感在「短期回報」的階層複迴歸分析………..……89
表4-15 研究二利他歸因在「情感性負債感」的階層複迴歸分析..……93
表4-16 研究二利他歸因在「工具性負債感」的階層複迴歸分析..……94
表4-17 研究二利己歸因在「威脅性負債感」的階層複迴歸分析..……95
表4-18 研究二「情感水準」、「角色地位」與「負債感」的關係..……98
表4-19 研究二「負債感」與「回報行為」的關係..…………………..102


表5-1 研究三樣本基本資料..…..…………………………………………111
表5-2 研究三各變項的平均數、標準差及變項間的相關係數..……….116
表5-3 研究三情感水準、角色地位與動機歸因在「情感性負債感」
的變異數分析結果..……………………………………….………117
表5-4 研究三各組在「情感性負債感」的平均數和標準差.….………..118
表5-5 研究三情感水準、角色地位與動機歸因在「工具性負債感」
的變異數分析結果.………………………………………………..119
表5-6 研究三各組在「工具性負債感」的平均數和標準差…….……..119
表5-7 研究三情感水準、角色地位與動機歸因在「威脅性負債感」
的變異數分析結果………………………………………………...120
表5-8 研究三各組在「威脅性負債感」的平均數和標準差..…………121
表5-9 研究三負債感在「回報行為」的複迴歸分析..………………….125
表5-10 研究三「情感水準」、「動機歸因」與「負債感」的關係..……127
表5-11 研究三「角色地位」、「動機歸因」與「負債感」的關係..……128
表5-12 研究三「負債感」與「回報行為」的關係..…………………….129
表6-1 研究二與研究三「情感水準」、「動機歸因」與「負債感」
的關係..……………………………………………………………131
表6-2 研究二與研究三「角色地位」、「動機歸因」與「負債感」
的關係..……………………………………………………………132
表6-3 研究二與研究三「負債感」與「回報行為」的關係.…………133





圖目錄

圖4-1 研究二主要研究架構…………………………………………….57
圖4-2 「情感水準」與「角色地位」在「情感性負債感」
的交互作用………………………………………………………..85
圖4-3 「利他歸因」與「情感水準」在「情感性負債感」
的交互作用………………………………………………………..96
圖5-1 研究三主要研究架構……………………………………………104
圖5-2 研究三「負債感量表」驗證性因素分析結果…………………114
圖5-3 研究三「回報行為量表」驗證性因素分析結果………………115
圖5-4 「情感水準」與「動機歸因」在「情感性負債感」
的交互作用………………………………………………….……123
圖5-5 「情感水準」與「動機歸因」在「威脅性負債感」
的交互作用……………………………………………………… 124
圖6-1 三種負債感的關係圖…………………………………………….135		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0867525011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 負債感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人情zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 角色zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 回報zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 受助者負債感之內涵與其前因後果之探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 以組織內的受助事件為例zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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