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題名 從「平等的關懷與尊重」論司法裁判實踐公平正義之可能性
作者 林芳丞
貢獻者 陳起行
林芳丞
關鍵詞 公平
正義
語義階段
法理階段
原理階段
裁判階段
法理論
平等
整全性
融貫
平等關懷
justice
fairness
the semantic stage
the jurisprudential stage
the doctrinal stage
the adjudicative stage
legal theory
equality
integrity
coherence
equal concern
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 14:35:47 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文之主要論旨,在於探討公平正義是否可能在裁判之過程中獲得實現。筆者主要透過德沃金的法理論以及平等理論作為討論的出發點。筆者首先對於德沃金的理論進行相關的分析與討論。德沃金的法理論主要可區分為四個部分,包括:語義階段,法理階段,原理階段,以及裁判階段。在語義階段,德沃金指出,法律的概念,必須要作為一個詮釋性概念;在法理階段,德沃金將法律的概念當成一種政治價值的概念。德沃金認為,法律的概念所表彰的政治價值,便是「合法性價值」,亦即「法治」。進一步,德沃金指出,對於「合法性價值」與「法律的概念」的最佳理解,便是「整全性」。筆者認為,「整全性」是一個連接德沃金的「法理論」以及「平等理論」的關鍵概念。在《法律帝國》一書當中,德沃金主張:裁判的整全性,要求法官適用由公平與正義原則所推導出來的法律。這樣的主張,將我們帶向德沃金的平等理論。
德沃金的平等理論可以區分為兩個層面,一為討論關於分配正義的資源平等理論,另一為關乎政治權力分配的政治平等理論。這兩個概念,提供了司法裁判實踐公平正義的可能性。資源平等理論提供了相關的判準,可以使法院在裁判具體個案時得以援引,以判斷公民所擁有的具體權利,以及政府是否違反了在平等關懷下所需踐行的平等保護原則,而導致侵害人民的權利。同時,政治平等理論則為民主制度下的司法審查,提供其理論基礎。
最後,德沃金指出,關於裁判如何適用法律於具體個案的裁判過程,其與上述三階段有密切的關聯性。德沃金認為,在此一階段中,他與法實證主義者最大的不同,便是在於對於法官的裁量權的理解。德沃金認為,在其法理論體系當中,法官對裁量權的行使,是一種法律義務,而非如法實證主義者所稱,是一種道德責任。
不可避免的,對於德沃金的理論,存在有許多的反對意見。在此筆者援引了Joseph Raz以及Samuel Schaffler的論文,對德沃金的理論進行檢試。Raz指出,德沃金的理論本身,與其所主張的融貫並未有直接的關係,同時,德沃金的理論,忽略了權威在現代國家中所扮演的角色。Schaffler則指出,德沃金過份的強調經濟平等,因而致政治或社會平等遭到忽視。此外,Schaffler認為,德沃金的資源平等理論裡,欠缺對於境況與志向的區分標準。最後,Schaffler則是提到,德沃金的資源平等理論,隱藏著存在階級社會的可能性。
的確,Joseph Raz以及Samuel Schaffler的論文提供了反思性的觀點,不過,筆者認為,他們所提出的問題,無法成功的全然拒絕德沃金的理論。筆者認為,德沃金的法理論,成功的融合了「法治」以及「正義」與「公平」,因此,其理論也確實為司法裁判實踐公平正義的理念,提供了可能了路徑。

關鍵字:公平、正義、語義階段,法理階段,原理階段,裁判階段、法理論、平等、整全性、融貫、平等關懷
The main issue of my thesis focuses on whether realization of the ideal of justice and fairness in adjudication is possible. I discuss this main issue by means of Dworkin’s legal theory and his theory of equality. First of all, I start my discussion with analysis of Dworkin’s legal theory, which includes four stages: the semantic stage, the jurisprudential stage, the doctrinal stage, and the adjudicative stage. In semantic stage, Dworkin points out that the concept of law should be interpretive concept. In jurisprudential stage, he deems the concept of law as a concept of political values, and what the value presented by concept of law is the value of legality. Furthermore, he considers the best concept of the value of the legality, so as the best conception of law, is integrity. I believe this is the key concept which connects Dworkin’s legal theory with theory of equality. In Law’s Empire, Dworkin said that integrity in adjudication asks judges apply the laws which come from the principle of justice and fairness. This leads us to Dworkin’s theory of equality.
Dworkin presents his theory of Equality with two dimensions. One is equality of resources, which could be narrowly seen as a theory about distributive justice. The other is political equality concerning the distribution of political power. These two dimensions of his theory of equality offer the possibility of realizing the justice and fairness in adjudication. The theory of equality of resources offers the guidelines for courts to follow when deciding if citizens have some sort of concrete rights, and if government violates the equal protection of citizen’s rights that demanded by the ideal of equal concern. According to political equality, it offers the basis of judicial review in democracy.
Finally, Dworkin points out that how judges apply laws to concrete case is something related to those three stages as mentioned above. Dworkin distinguishes himself from the legal positivists, such as Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart. The different between Dworkin and legal positivists is discretion power of judges. In his theory, it is judge’s legal obligation rather than moral responsibility as positivists regard.
Inevitably, there are some critics to Dworkin’s theory of equality. Here I cited the research of Joseph Raz and Samuel Schaffler to exam Dworkin’s theory. Their articles offer reflective points of view to me. Joseph Raz criticizes Dworkin’s theory as something irrelative to the coherence that Dworkin himself requests. He further criticizes that Dworkin’s theory of adjudication ignores the role of authority in modern state. Samuel Scheffler criticizes that Dworkin’s theory of equality ignores the importance of political and social equality. Besides, how to distinguish circumstance and ambition is not clear enough in Dworkin’s theory. Furthermore, Scheffler considers that Dworkin’s theory of equality may allow a heirachy administration exists. Although they point out some defects, I do not think they did fulfill significant challenges to Dworkin’s theory. After all, I consider that Dworkin’s legal theories build up a perfect framework for realizing the value of legality, which can also be referred as the rule of law. Most importantly, his legal theories are coherent the other moral values and convictions of ethics. I think Dworkin’s theories of law and equality may offer the best possibility to realize the ideal of justice and fairness in adjudication.

Key Words: justice, fairness, the semantic stage, the jurisprudential stage, the doctrinal stage, the adjudicative stage, integrity, coherence, legal theory, equality, equal concern
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中文文獻
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學位論文
碩士論文(以姓氏筆畫排序)
李冠宜,裁量、詮釋與論證─司法裁判客觀性之研究,國立台灣大學法律學研究所,88年度碩士論文。
李忠謙,法學融貫論之研究-以德沃金的整全法為中心,國立台灣大學法律學研究所,94年度碩士論文。
阮文泉,德沃金法律建構解釋理論之研究,國立台灣大學法律學研究所,81年度碩士論文。
林世超,德沃金(Ronald Dworkin)法律詮釋理論之研究,佛光人文社會學院,哲學系碩士班,94年度碩士論文。
洪絹閔,胎兒與懷孕女性生命內在價值的權衡-德沃金與康奈爾的同與異,國立政治大學法律學研究所,94年度碩士論文。
許家馨,法與道德─德沃京對法實證主義分離命題之批判,國立政治大學政治學研究所,88年度碩士論文。
廖正睦,德沃金(Ronald Dworkin)自由主義式平等理論之研究,國立政治大學政治學研究所,86年度碩士論文。
盧佩玲,分配平等的兩種觀點:德沃金論資源與沈恩論能力,國立清華大學哲學研究所,94年度碩士論文。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
法律學研究所
92651042
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0926510421
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳起行zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林芳丞zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 林芳丞zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 14:35:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 14:35:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 14:35:47 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0926510421en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32857-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 法律學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92651042zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文之主要論旨,在於探討公平正義是否可能在裁判之過程中獲得實現。筆者主要透過德沃金的法理論以及平等理論作為討論的出發點。筆者首先對於德沃金的理論進行相關的分析與討論。德沃金的法理論主要可區分為四個部分,包括:語義階段,法理階段,原理階段,以及裁判階段。在語義階段,德沃金指出,法律的概念,必須要作為一個詮釋性概念;在法理階段,德沃金將法律的概念當成一種政治價值的概念。德沃金認為,法律的概念所表彰的政治價值,便是「合法性價值」,亦即「法治」。進一步,德沃金指出,對於「合法性價值」與「法律的概念」的最佳理解,便是「整全性」。筆者認為,「整全性」是一個連接德沃金的「法理論」以及「平等理論」的關鍵概念。在《法律帝國》一書當中,德沃金主張:裁判的整全性,要求法官適用由公平與正義原則所推導出來的法律。這樣的主張,將我們帶向德沃金的平等理論。
德沃金的平等理論可以區分為兩個層面,一為討論關於分配正義的資源平等理論,另一為關乎政治權力分配的政治平等理論。這兩個概念,提供了司法裁判實踐公平正義的可能性。資源平等理論提供了相關的判準,可以使法院在裁判具體個案時得以援引,以判斷公民所擁有的具體權利,以及政府是否違反了在平等關懷下所需踐行的平等保護原則,而導致侵害人民的權利。同時,政治平等理論則為民主制度下的司法審查,提供其理論基礎。
最後,德沃金指出,關於裁判如何適用法律於具體個案的裁判過程,其與上述三階段有密切的關聯性。德沃金認為,在此一階段中,他與法實證主義者最大的不同,便是在於對於法官的裁量權的理解。德沃金認為,在其法理論體系當中,法官對裁量權的行使,是一種法律義務,而非如法實證主義者所稱,是一種道德責任。
不可避免的,對於德沃金的理論,存在有許多的反對意見。在此筆者援引了Joseph Raz以及Samuel Schaffler的論文,對德沃金的理論進行檢試。Raz指出,德沃金的理論本身,與其所主張的融貫並未有直接的關係,同時,德沃金的理論,忽略了權威在現代國家中所扮演的角色。Schaffler則指出,德沃金過份的強調經濟平等,因而致政治或社會平等遭到忽視。此外,Schaffler認為,德沃金的資源平等理論裡,欠缺對於境況與志向的區分標準。最後,Schaffler則是提到,德沃金的資源平等理論,隱藏著存在階級社會的可能性。
的確,Joseph Raz以及Samuel Schaffler的論文提供了反思性的觀點,不過,筆者認為,他們所提出的問題,無法成功的全然拒絕德沃金的理論。筆者認為,德沃金的法理論,成功的融合了「法治」以及「正義」與「公平」,因此,其理論也確實為司法裁判實踐公平正義的理念,提供了可能了路徑。

關鍵字:公平、正義、語義階段,法理階段,原理階段,裁判階段、法理論、平等、整全性、融貫、平等關懷
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dc.description.abstract (摘要) The main issue of my thesis focuses on whether realization of the ideal of justice and fairness in adjudication is possible. I discuss this main issue by means of Dworkin’s legal theory and his theory of equality. First of all, I start my discussion with analysis of Dworkin’s legal theory, which includes four stages: the semantic stage, the jurisprudential stage, the doctrinal stage, and the adjudicative stage. In semantic stage, Dworkin points out that the concept of law should be interpretive concept. In jurisprudential stage, he deems the concept of law as a concept of political values, and what the value presented by concept of law is the value of legality. Furthermore, he considers the best concept of the value of the legality, so as the best conception of law, is integrity. I believe this is the key concept which connects Dworkin’s legal theory with theory of equality. In Law’s Empire, Dworkin said that integrity in adjudication asks judges apply the laws which come from the principle of justice and fairness. This leads us to Dworkin’s theory of equality.
Dworkin presents his theory of Equality with two dimensions. One is equality of resources, which could be narrowly seen as a theory about distributive justice. The other is political equality concerning the distribution of political power. These two dimensions of his theory of equality offer the possibility of realizing the justice and fairness in adjudication. The theory of equality of resources offers the guidelines for courts to follow when deciding if citizens have some sort of concrete rights, and if government violates the equal protection of citizen’s rights that demanded by the ideal of equal concern. According to political equality, it offers the basis of judicial review in democracy.
Finally, Dworkin points out that how judges apply laws to concrete case is something related to those three stages as mentioned above. Dworkin distinguishes himself from the legal positivists, such as Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart. The different between Dworkin and legal positivists is discretion power of judges. In his theory, it is judge’s legal obligation rather than moral responsibility as positivists regard.
Inevitably, there are some critics to Dworkin’s theory of equality. Here I cited the research of Joseph Raz and Samuel Schaffler to exam Dworkin’s theory. Their articles offer reflective points of view to me. Joseph Raz criticizes Dworkin’s theory as something irrelative to the coherence that Dworkin himself requests. He further criticizes that Dworkin’s theory of adjudication ignores the role of authority in modern state. Samuel Scheffler criticizes that Dworkin’s theory of equality ignores the importance of political and social equality. Besides, how to distinguish circumstance and ambition is not clear enough in Dworkin’s theory. Furthermore, Scheffler considers that Dworkin’s theory of equality may allow a heirachy administration exists. Although they point out some defects, I do not think they did fulfill significant challenges to Dworkin’s theory. After all, I consider that Dworkin’s legal theories build up a perfect framework for realizing the value of legality, which can also be referred as the rule of law. Most importantly, his legal theories are coherent the other moral values and convictions of ethics. I think Dworkin’s theories of law and equality may offer the best possibility to realize the ideal of justice and fairness in adjudication.

Key Words: justice, fairness, the semantic stage, the jurisprudential stage, the doctrinal stage, the adjudicative stage, integrity, coherence, legal theory, equality, equal concern
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dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 問題意識、研究之核心議題概述與研究方法之介紹.1
第一節 問題意識的產生…………………………………………… 1
第二節 可能的解決方案:德沃金(Ronald Dworkin)的詮釋性法律概念……………………………………………………… 1
第三節 諸正義觀的競逐…………………………………………… 5
第四節 研究課題與研究素材……………………………………… 8
第五節 研究方法…………………………………………………… 8
第六節 論文章節架構……………………………………………… 9
第二章 裁判與正義…………………………………………… … 11
第一節 德沃金的法律理論…………………………………………11
一、出發點:對法律根據的追尋 ………………………………11
二、概念與概念的功能…………………………………………14
三、法律的原理性概念的功能…………………………………18
四、新概念,新起點……………………………………………28
第二節 整全法對於公平正義的要求 …………………………… 34
一、法律作為政治價值概念…………………………………… 34
二、對於法律概念的重塑 ………………………………………45
三、整全性下的法律裁判 ………………………………………53
四、對於全新的法律概念的適用………………………………56
第三節 小結…………………………………………………………57
第三章 德沃金的正義、公平概念觀……………………………59
第一節 資源平等理論(Theory of equality of resources)………59
一、德沃金的正義理論…………………………………………59
第二節 政治平等理論………………………………………………79
一、德沃金的公平理論…………………………………………79
第三節 小結…………………………………………………………96
第四章 異議者之聲 ……………………………………………… 98
第一節 德沃金是機運平等理論者(luck egalitarian)?……… 98
一、來自Professor Samuel Scheffler的批評……………………98
二、德沃金對於Scheffler批判論點的反對…………………… 99
三、Professor Samuel Scheffler對德沃金的回應…………… 105
第二節 對整全法與融貫原則的批判…………………………… 113
一、Raz對於融貫理論的批判…………………………………114
二、Raz對德沃金的整全法與融貫理論之關聯性之批判分析120
三、德沃金論整全法與融貫理論之關聯性……………………122
第三節 小結………………………………………………………129
第五章 結 論……………………………………………………… 134
一、對各章節的回顧……………………………………………134
二、德沃金的法理論提供司法實踐公平正義可能性之起點…140
參考文獻…………………………………………………………… 142
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0926510421en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公平zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 正義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 語義階段zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法理階段zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 原理階段zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 裁判階段zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 法理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平等zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 整全性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 融貫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 平等關懷zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) justiceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) fairnessen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the semantic stageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the jurisprudential stageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the doctrinal stageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the adjudicative stageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) legal theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) equalityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) integrityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) coherenceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) equal concernen_US
dc.title (題名) 從「平等的關懷與尊重」論司法裁判實踐公平正義之可能性zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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