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題名 一個新的視野：蘿琳．漢司白瑞《陽光下的葡萄乾》劇中非裔美人的自我認同
A New Vision: African Americans` Identity in Lorraine Hansberry`s A Raisin in the Sun
作者 金家如
Chin, Chia-Ju
貢獻者 姜翠芬
金家如
Chin, Chia-Ju
關鍵詞 蘿琳．漢司白瑞
陽光下的葡萄乾
自我認同
種族隔離
米哈依爾．巴赫汀
時空型
弗朗茲．法農
史都華．霍爾
離散理論
Lorraine Hansberry
A Raisin in the Sun
Identity
segregation
Mikhail Bakhtin
chronotope
Frantz Fanon
Stuart Hall
diaspora
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:21:31 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文期望藉由探究《陽光下的葡萄乾》一劇，對非裔美人在面對社會困境以及白人意識型態時，如何發展自我認同的議題啟發新的思考。蘿琳．漢司白瑞以寫實的寫作手法，呈現非裔美人在美國一九五○年代種族隔離區的生活。種族隔離政策(segregation laws)中，空間具有特別的指涉意義，因此本文選擇米哈依爾．巴赫汀(Mikhail Bakhtin)的「時空型」(chronotope)理論作為本論文的基本架構。由於劇本和其當代歷史相互輝映，歷史背景的研究可以幫助理解劇中人物動機；反之，由解析劇中情節和人物行為，亦可推測非裔美人的未來發展。
本論文分為四個章節。第一章提供作者生平、劇本、評論、以及理論架構的基本介紹。第二章有兩個主題：呈現作品如何反映歷史，以及從社會背景的角度詮釋角色。其中，弗朗茲．法農(Frantz Fanon)的《黑皮膚，白面具》幫助解釋部分角色的同化行為。第三章顯示非裔美人如何在白人霸權之下建立自我認同：在社會上表達訴求以對抗白人霸權，在文化上接納非洲本能和美洲文化，及在家庭方面堅守傳承下來的家庭尊嚴。史都華．霍爾( Stuart Hall)的離散理論(diaspora)特別用來處理其中同時具有非洲和美洲本質的文化議題。第四章則是本論文的結論，總結作者寫本劇的信念和目的。
This thesis studies A Raisin in the Sun and expects to bring new inspirations of how African Americans develop their own identities confronting social plights and white ideology. With the realistic writing style, Lorraine Hansberry truthfully depicts and reflects African Americans’ life in the segregated ghetto in the 1950s. As space carries significant meanings in the enforced segregation laws, Mikhail Bakhtin’s chronotope serves as the main theoretical framework of this thesis. The play is interconnected with its contemporary history, so we may interpret the characters by considering their historical background and infer the American blacks’ future path by scrutinizing the plot and actions in the play.
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is an introduction to the author’s life, the play, the critical opinions, and the theoretical framework. In Chapter Two, there are two main issues: first, how this play reflects the historical background, and second, interpretation of characters in relation to their specific social contexts. Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks is applied to explain the potential of assimilation of some characters. Chapter Three reveals how African Americans under the white hegemony find their own identities in social, cultural, and family perspectives. The gist is that they must strive for the improvement of their social status, embrace both African and American cultural roots, and stick to their family pride. Stuart Hall’s theory on diaspora is useful to deal with the cultural identity which ambiguously covers both African and American essences. Chapter Four is the conclusion of the thesis that sums up the author’s belief and intention in writing the play.
參考文獻 Anderson, Mary Louis. “Black Matriarchy: Portrayals of Women in Three Plays.” Negro American Literature Forum 10:3 (1876): 93-95.
Ardolino, Frank. “Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun.” Explicator 63:3 (2005): 181-183.
Ashley, Leonard R. N. “Lorraine Hansberry and the Great Black Way.” Modern American Drama: The Female Canon. Ed. June Schlueter. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1990. 151-160.
Bakhtin, M. M. “Forms of Time and of The Chronotope in the Novel.” The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. 84-258.
Baldwin, James. “Sweet Lorraine.” To Be Young, Gifted, and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words. New York: Vintage, 1995. xvii-xx.
Baraka, Amiri. “A Raisin in the Sun’s Enduring Passion.” A Raisin in the Sun and The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window. Ed. Robert Nemiroff. New York:Vintage Books, 1995. 9-20.
Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: Sage, 2000.
Barthelemy, Anthony. “Mother, Sister, Wide: A Dramatic Perspective.” Southern Review 21, 1985: 770-789.
Berrian, Brenda F. “The Afro-American—West African Marriage Question: Its Literary and Historical Context.” Women in African Literature Today. Ed. Durosimi Jones. Trenton: Africa World, 1987. 152-59.
Bigsby, C. W. E. Confrontation and Commitment: A Study of Contemporary American Drama, 1959-66. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1968: 156-73. Reproduced in Literature Resource Center.
Brown, Lloyd. “Lorraine Hansberry as Ironist: A Reappraisal of A Raisin in the Sun.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 237-247.
Carter, Steven R. Hansberry’s Drama: Commitment and Complexity. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
Cheney, Anne. Lorraine Hansberry. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1994.
Cooper, David D. “Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun.” Explicator 52.1 (1993): 59-61.
Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: William Morrow, 1967.
Demetrakopoulos, Stephanie A. “Maternal Bonds as Devourers of Women’s Individuation in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” Modern Critical Interpretations: Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. 69-78.
Domina, Lynn. Understanding A Raisin in the Sun: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.
Dreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. 2nd. Edition. Ed. Donald Pizer. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991.
Duprey, Ruchard A. “Today’s Dramatists.” American Theatre. Vol. 10 of Stratford-Upon-Avon Studies. London: Edward Arnold, 1967: 210.
Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Press, 1967.
Friedman, Sharon. “Feminism as Theme in Twentieth-Century American Women’s Drama.” American Studies 25.1 (1984): 69-89.
Galens, David. Ed. Drama for Students. Vol.2. Detroit: Gale, 2000.
Giddens, A. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
Gilbert, Helen and Joanne Tompkins. Postcolonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics. London: Routledge, 1996.
Greenfield, Thomas Allen. Work and Work Ethic in American Drama, 1920-1970. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982.
Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. 222-237.
---. “The Question of Cultural Identity.” Modernity and Its Futures. Ed. Stuard Hall, David Held, and Tony Mcgrew. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994. 273-325.
Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Signet, 1988.
---. “Willie Loman, Walter Younger, and He Who Must Live.” The Village Voice 4.42 (1959): 7-8.
---. To Be Young, Gifted, and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words. New York: Vintage, 1995.
---. “The Negro Writer and His Roots: Toward a New Romanticism.” Black Scholar 12 (1981): 2-12.
Hughes, Langston. “A Dream Deferred.” The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. Vol. 3. Ed. Arnold Rampersad. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. 145.
Isaacs, Harold R. “Five Writers and Their African Ancestors Part II.” Phylon 21.4 (1960): 317-336.
James, Rosetta. Cliffs Notes on Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliffs Notes, 1992.
Keppel, Ben. The Works of Democracy: Ralph Bunche, Kenneth B. Clark, Lorraine Hansberry, and the Cultural Politics of Race. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
King, Woodie Jr. “Lorraine Hansberry’s Children: Black Artists and A Raisin in the Sun.” Freedomways 19 (1979): 219-21.
Konvitz, Milton R. Bill of Rights Reader: Leading Constitutional Cases. 4th Ed. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1968.
Lipari, Lisbeth. “‘Fearful of the Written Word’: White Fear, Black Writing, and Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun Screenplay.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90.1 (2004): 81-102.
Miller, Jordan Y. “Lorraine Hansberry.” The Black American Writer: Poetry and Drama. Vol.2. ed. C. W. E. Bigsby. Baltimore: Pelican, 1971.
Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: A Plume Book, 1987.
Morson, Gary Saul and Caryl Emerson. “The Chronotope.” Mikhail Bakhtin: Creation of a Prosaics. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Nemiroff, Robert. “The 101 ‘Final’ Performances of Sidney Brustein.” A Raisin in the Sun and The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window. Ed. Robert Nemiroff. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. 159-203.
---. Introduction. A Raisin in the Sun. By Lorraine Hansberry. New York: Signet, 1988. ix-xviii.
Patterson, James T. America in the Twentieth Century: A History. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.
Riach, W. A. D. “‘Telling It Like It Is’: An Examination of Black Theatre As Rhetoric.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 46 (1970): 179-86.
Royals, Demetria Brenda. “The Me Lorraine Hansberry Knew.” Freedomways 19 (1979): 261-2.
Sandburg, Carl. “Chicago.” Complete Poems. New York: Harcout, Brace and Company, 1950. 3.
Scanlan, Tom. Family, Drama, and American Dreams. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1978.
Vice, Sue. “The Chronotope: Fleshing Out Time.” Introducing Bakhtin. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1997. 200-228.
Washington, J. Charles. “A Raisin in the Sun Revisited.” Black American Literature Forum 22.1 (1988): 109-24.
Weales, Gerald. “Thoughts on A Raisin in the Sun.” Commentary 27.6 (1959): 527-30. Rpt. In Drama for Students. Vol.2. Ed. David Galens. Detroit: Gale, 2000. 194-7.
Weisbrot, Robert. Freedom Bound: A History of America’s Civil Rights Movement. New York: Norton, 1990.
Werner, Stanley A. Jr. Preface. The American Dream in Literature. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970.
Wilkerson, Margaret B. “The Sighted Eyes and Feeling Heart of Lorraine Hansberry.” Black American Literature Forum 17 (1983): 8-13.
---. “A Raisin in the Sun: Anniversary of an American Classic.” Theatre Journal 38.4 (1986): 441-52.
---. “Excavating Our History: The Importance of Biographies of Women of Color.” Black American Literature Forum 24.1 (1990): 73-84.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學研究所
92551005
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0925510051
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 金家如zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chin, Chia-Juen_US
dc.creator (作者) 金家如zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chin, Chia-Juen_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:21:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:21:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:21:31 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0925510051en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33356-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92551005zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文期望藉由探究《陽光下的葡萄乾》一劇，對非裔美人在面對社會困境以及白人意識型態時，如何發展自我認同的議題啟發新的思考。蘿琳．漢司白瑞以寫實的寫作手法，呈現非裔美人在美國一九五○年代種族隔離區的生活。種族隔離政策(segregation laws)中，空間具有特別的指涉意義，因此本文選擇米哈依爾．巴赫汀(Mikhail Bakhtin)的「時空型」(chronotope)理論作為本論文的基本架構。由於劇本和其當代歷史相互輝映，歷史背景的研究可以幫助理解劇中人物動機；反之，由解析劇中情節和人物行為，亦可推測非裔美人的未來發展。
本論文分為四個章節。第一章提供作者生平、劇本、評論、以及理論架構的基本介紹。第二章有兩個主題：呈現作品如何反映歷史，以及從社會背景的角度詮釋角色。其中，弗朗茲．法農(Frantz Fanon)的《黑皮膚，白面具》幫助解釋部分角色的同化行為。第三章顯示非裔美人如何在白人霸權之下建立自我認同：在社會上表達訴求以對抗白人霸權，在文化上接納非洲本能和美洲文化，及在家庭方面堅守傳承下來的家庭尊嚴。史都華．霍爾( Stuart Hall)的離散理論(diaspora)特別用來處理其中同時具有非洲和美洲本質的文化議題。第四章則是本論文的結論，總結作者寫本劇的信念和目的。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis studies A Raisin in the Sun and expects to bring new inspirations of how African Americans develop their own identities confronting social plights and white ideology. With the realistic writing style, Lorraine Hansberry truthfully depicts and reflects African Americans’ life in the segregated ghetto in the 1950s. As space carries significant meanings in the enforced segregation laws, Mikhail Bakhtin’s chronotope serves as the main theoretical framework of this thesis. The play is interconnected with its contemporary history, so we may interpret the characters by considering their historical background and infer the American blacks’ future path by scrutinizing the plot and actions in the play.
This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One is an introduction to the author’s life, the play, the critical opinions, and the theoretical framework. In Chapter Two, there are two main issues: first, how this play reflects the historical background, and second, interpretation of characters in relation to their specific social contexts. Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks is applied to explain the potential of assimilation of some characters. Chapter Three reveals how African Americans under the white hegemony find their own identities in social, cultural, and family perspectives. The gist is that they must strive for the improvement of their social status, embrace both African and American cultural roots, and stick to their family pride. Stuart Hall’s theory on diaspora is useful to deal with the cultural identity which ambiguously covers both African and American essences. Chapter Four is the conclusion of the thesis that sums up the author’s belief and intention in writing the play.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements………………………………...………………………………....iii
Chinese Abstract……………………………………………………………………....v
English Abstract……………………………………………………………………....vi

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………1
1.1 The Dramatist: Lorraine Hansberry……………………………….2
1.2 Plot Summary of A Raisin in the Sun……………………………...6
1.3 The Historical Background of A Raisin in the Sun………………..8
1.4 Literature Reviews………………………………………………..12
1.5 Purpose…………………………………………………………...18
1.6 Analysis in a New Perspective…………………………………...19
Chapter 2 The Chronotope…………………………………………………………26
2.1 Chronotope of the 1950s…………………………………………26
A. Housing……………………………………………………….29
B. Living Space ………………………………………………….30
C. Education……………………………………………………...33
D. Employment…………………………………………………..35
2.2 Chronotope of Characters………………………………………..36
A. Domineering Whites…………………………………………..37
B. Passive Blacks………………………………………………...38
C. Assimilated Blacks……………………………………………45
Chapter 3 A New Born Identity………………………………………………...….61
3.1 Active Resistance Against White Power………………................64
A. The White Oppression………………………………………...64
B. The Blacks’ Resistance………………………………………..66
3.2 Inclusive Cultural Identity: Between Africa and America...……71
A. Identity Crisis…………………………………………………72
B. Empowerment of the African Roots…………………………..75
C. The American Identity………………………………………...80
3.3 The Victory of Self-Esteem……………………………………....86
A. Big Walter Younger……………………………………...…...86
B. Lena Younger……………………………………………..…..89
C. Ruth Younger………………………………………...……….92
D. Walter Younger……………………………………………….94
Chapter 4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………97
Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………101		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0925510051en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘿琳．漢司白瑞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 陽光下的葡萄乾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 種族隔離zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 米哈依爾．巴赫汀zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 時空型zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 弗朗茲．法農zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 史都華．霍爾zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 離散理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Lorraine Hansberryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) A Raisin in the Sunen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Identityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) segregationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Mikhail Bakhtinen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) chronotopeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Frantz Fanonen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stuart Hallen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) diasporaen_US
dc.title (題名) 一個新的視野：蘿琳．漢司白瑞《陽光下的葡萄乾》劇中非裔美人的自我認同zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A New Vision: African Americans` Identity in Lorraine Hansberry`s A Raisin in the Sunen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, Mary Louis. “Black Matriarchy: Portrayals of Women in Three Plays.” Negro American Literature Forum 10:3 (1876): 93-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ardolino, Frank. “Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun.” Explicator 63:3 (2005): 181-183.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ashley, Leonard R. N. “Lorraine Hansberry and the Great Black Way.” Modern American Drama: The Female Canon. Ed. June Schlueter. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1990. 151-160.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bakhtin, M. M. “Forms of Time and of The Chronotope in the Novel.” The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays by M. M. Bakhtin. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Emerson and Michael Holquist Austin: University of Texas Press, 1981. 84-258.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baldwin, James. “Sweet Lorraine.” To Be Young, Gifted, and Black: Lorraine Hansberry in Her Own Words. New York: Vintage, 1995. xvii-xx.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baraka, Amiri. “A Raisin in the Sun’s Enduring Passion.” A Raisin in the Sun and The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window. Ed. Robert Nemiroff. New York:Vintage Books, 1995. 9-20.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barker, Chris. Cultural Studies: Theory and Practice. London: Sage, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barthelemy, Anthony. “Mother, Sister, Wide: A Dramatic Perspective.” Southern Review 21, 1985: 770-789.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berrian, Brenda F. “The Afro-American—West African Marriage Question: Its Literary and Historical Context.” Women in African Literature Today. Ed. Durosimi Jones. Trenton: Africa World, 1987. 152-59.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bigsby, C. W. E. Confrontation and Commitment: A Study of Contemporary American Drama, 1959-66. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1968: 156-73. Reproduced in Literature Resource Center.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, Lloyd. “Lorraine Hansberry as Ironist: A Reappraisal of A Raisin in the Sun.” Journal of Black Studies 4.3 (1974): 237-247.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carter, Steven R. Hansberry’s Drama: Commitment and Complexity. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheney, Anne. Lorraine Hansberry. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooper, David D. “Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun.” Explicator 52.1 (1993): 59-61.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: William Morrow, 1967.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Demetrakopoulos, Stephanie A. “Maternal Bonds as Devourers of Women’s Individuation in Toni Morrison’s Beloved.” Modern Critical Interpretations: Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1999. 69-78.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Domina, Lynn. Understanding A Raisin in the Sun: A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dreiser, Theodore. Sister Carrie. 2nd. Edition. Ed. Donald Pizer. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Duprey, Ruchard A. “Today’s Dramatists.” American Theatre. Vol. 10 of Stratford-Upon-Avon Studies. London: Edward Arnold, 1967: 210.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Press, 1967.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Friedman, Sharon. “Feminism as Theme in Twentieth-Century American Women’s Drama.” American Studies 25.1 (1984): 69-89.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Galens, David. Ed. Drama for Students. Vol.2. Detroit: Gale, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Giddens, A. The Consequences of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gilbert, Helen and Joanne Tompkins. Postcolonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics. London: Routledge, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Greenfield, Thomas Allen. Work and Work Ethic in American Drama, 1920-1970. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1982.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. 222-237.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ---. “The Question of Cultural Identity.” Modernity and Its Futures. Ed. Stuard Hall, David Held, and Tony Mcgrew. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994. 273-325.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Signet, 1988.zh_TW
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