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題名 試題預覽對國中生英語聽力表現之影嚮:個案研究
The Effects of Test Question Preview on Junior High School Students` English Listening Comprehension: a Case Study
作者 陳淑菁
Chen,Shu-ching
貢獻者 楊泰雄
Yang,Tai-hsiung
陳淑菁
Chen,Shu-ching
關鍵詞 試題預覽
測驗方式效益
聽力理解測驗
Question Preview
Test Method Effect
Listening Comprehension Tests
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 16:33:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要探討四方面。第一、探討試題預覽是否有助於聽力成績表現。第二、進一步探究試題預覽的效益是否因聽力程度不同而有所差異。第三、了解學生以試題預覽方式參加聽力測驗的實際經驗與看法。第四、研究試題預覽是否是一個可行的評量聽力的測驗方式。
      參加本實驗的受試者為來自竹山國中120位三年級的學生。首先,他們被分為能力相當的兩組,每一組再被細分為高、中、低三個能力組別,接著研究者分別對兩組受試者施以聽力測驗,不同之處在於實驗組提供試題預覽。最後,實驗組的受試者須填寫一份關於他們對此測驗方式 (試題預覽方式) 的經驗及觀感。
      本研究之主要發現如下:
     1. 受試者在聽力測驗中顯著受益於試題預覽。
     2. 高、中程度的受試者比低程度的受試者從試題預覽中獲得較多的助益。
     3. 由問卷統計結果得知大部分受試者對於試題預覽表達正面的態度。
     4. 試題預覽促進聽者預測聽力內容及使用由上而下的聽力理解方式是一個可行的評量聽力的測驗方式。
      最後, 本研究建議老師們在實施聽力測驗時應以試題預覽的方式進行。再者, 老師們可以以試題預覽做為訓練聽力時的教學活動。另外, 老師們必須考慮學生聽力程度的不同並為低程度者設計額外的聽力訓練活動以便提升其聽力理解能力。
The present study chiefly focuses on four issues. The first issue concerns whether test question preview method can make test takers get better scores on listening comprehension tests or not. The second issue examines whether the effectiveness of test question preview varies with the students’ proficiency levels or not. The third issue aims to probe test takers’ practical experience of taking the listening comprehension test with question preview test method. The fourth issue explores if question preview method is practical in measuring the students’ listening comprehension.
      The participants of this study were 120 third-year students at Chu-shan Junior High School. Firstly, they were divided into two homogeneous groups, each group were further subdivided into three subgroups- high, medium and low proficiency. Then the researcher administered the experimental test to both the experimental group and the control group; the only difference in the treatment was that question preview was used to the experimental group. At last, the experimental group was asked to fill in a questionnaire designed to investigate the experience of taking the listening test with test question preview method.
      The major findings of the study are as follows:
     (1)The junior high EFL students benefited significantly from the test question preview.
     (2)Listeners of high and medium proficiency level gained much assistance from the question preview than those of low proficiency level.
     (3)Questionnaire responses confirmed the positive effects of the test question preview.
     (4)The test question preview promoted information prediction and top-down information processing of test takers; therefore, it is a practical method for assessing learners’ listening comprehension.
     Therefore, it is suggested that teachers incorporate question preview method in the tests of listening comprehension. In addition, it is necessary for teachers to use question previewing as a teaching activity when training students’ listening skills. Finally, teachers should pay more attention to the differences in students’ listening ability and design some other additional activities for low proficiency listeners to promote their ability of understanding the previewed questions and improve efficiency of listening.
參考文獻 Alderson, J.C. (1983). The cloze procedure and proficiency and foreign language. In Oller, J.W. (Ed.), Methods that work: a smorgasbord of ideas for language teachers. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Bailey, K.M. (1998). Learning about language assessment. Pacific Grove: Heinle& Heinle Publishers.
Bachman, L.F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental consideration in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Berne, J. E. (1992). The effects of test type, assessment task, and target language experience on foreign language learner’s performance on listening comprehension test. Diss., University of Illinois at Urbana.
Brown, G. A. H. Anderson, N. S. & Lynch, T. (1985). Listening comprehension. Project JHH/190/1. Edinburgh: Scottish Education Department.
Brown, J. D. (1996). Testing in language programs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.
Buck, G. (1991). The testing of listening comprehension: an introspective study. Language Testing, 8, 67-91.
Buck, G. (1997). The testing of listening in a second language. In Claphan, C. & Corson, D. (Ed.), Language testing and assessment. Dordrecht: Kluwear academic publishers.
Buck, G. (2001). Assessing listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chen, Mei-lan. (2002). The effects of repetition and pictures at different time period on the listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
Cheng, Hsiao-fang. & Kuo, Fang-rong. (2002). A comparative study of two multiple-choice test formats for assessing English listening competence. Journal of National Len-ho Institute of Technology, 20, 195-210.
Cheng, Yuehchu. (2000). Effects of pictures as cues on English assessment of listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan.
Cohen, A. D. (1977). Redundancy as a tool in measuring listening comprehension. In Dirven, R. (Ed.), Listening comprehension in foreign language teaching. Scriptor: Kronberg/Ts.
Cohen, A. D. (1984). On taking language tests: what the students report. Language Testing, 1, 70-81.
De Jong, J. H. A. L. (1984). Testing foreign language listening comprehension. Language Testing, 1, 97-104.
Dunkel, P. (1991). Listening in the native second/ foreign language: toward an integration of research and practice. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 431-57.
Eykyn, L. E. (1992). The effects of listening guides on the comprehension of authentic texts by novice learners of French as a second language. Diss., University of South Carolina.
Goh, C. C.M. (2000). A cognitive perspective on language learners’ listening comprehension problems. System, 28 (1), 55-75.
Heaton, J. B. (1975). Writing English language tests. London: Longman.
Hu, Ling-sheue. (2000). The effects of knowledge of topical background and textual vocabulary on EFL students’ listening performance. Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.
Hughes, A. (1989). Testing for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.
Klein-Braley, C. (1983). A cloze is a cloze is a question. In Oller, J.W. (Ed.), Methods that work: a smorgasbord of ideas for language teachers. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Krashen, S. & Terrell, T. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Lado, R. (1961). Language testing: The construction and use of foreign language tests. Longman: London.
Li, Yu-Fen. (1999). The effect slow speech on Chinese EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan.
Lin, Tien-chi. (2000). Testing listening comprehension. Huang-pu Journal, 39, 225-234.
Oller, J. W. Jr. (1979). Language tests at school. Longman, London.
Rubin, J. (1990). How learner strategies can inform language teaching. In Bickley, V. (Ed.), Language use, language teaching and the curriculum. Hong Kong: Institute of Language in Education, Education Department.
Rubin, J. (1994). A review of second language listening comprehension research. The Modern Language Journal, 78 (2), 199-221.
Sherman, J. (1997). The effect of question preview in listening comprehension test. Language Testing, 14(2), 185-213.
Shohamy, E. (1984). Does the testing method make a difference? The case of reading comprehension. Language Testing, 1(2), 147-70.
Shohamy, E. & Inbar, O. (1991). Validation of Listening comprehension tests: The effect of text and question type. Language Testing, 8, 23-40.
Skehan, P. (1991). Progress in language testing in the 1990s. Language testing in the 1990s. London: Macmillan.
Su, P.C. (1994). The effect of visual elements on English listening comprehension: video-tape-testing verse audiotape-testing. Kaohsiung Normal University Journal, 5, 263-87.
Teng, H. C. (1994). Effects of culture schemata and visual cues on Chinese students’ listening comprehension. Paper presented at the 11th national conference on English teaching, Republic of China, Taipei: Crane.
Teng, H. C. (1998a). The effect of text and question type on English listening comprehension. English Teaching, 23(19), 5-18.
Teng, H. C. (1998b). Test method effects on the measurement of listening comprehension. Human and Social Science Teaching, 48, 151-163.
Underwood, M. (1989). Teaching listening. London: Longman
Ur, P. (1984). Teaching listening comprehension. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Walsh, D.A. & Jenkins, J.J. (1973). Effects of orienting tasks on free recall in incidental learning: difficulty, effort and process explanations. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 12, 481-88.
Weir, C. (1993). Understanding and developing language test. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall.
Wu, Y. (1998). What do test of listening comprehension test? A retrospection study of EFL test-takers performing a multiple-choice task. Language Testing, 15(1), 21-44.
Yang, Tai-hsiung. (1995). How to test listening comprehension: with reference to TOTEL and G-TELP. Selected papers from the ninth conference on English teaching and learning in the Republic of China. Taipei: Crane.
Yang, Yin-ju. (2002). A case study of the effects of text difficulty and topic familiarity on EFL listening comprehension. Master thesis, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
Ye, Jie-yu. (1990). Teaching English listening. English Teaching, 25(1), 90-98.
描述 國立政治大學
英國語文學系英語教學碩士在職專班
90951015
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090951015
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 楊泰雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yang,Tai-hsiungen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳淑菁zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen,Shu-chingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳淑菁zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen,Shu-chingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 16:33:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 16:33:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 16:33:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0090951015en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33424-
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系英語教學碩士在職專班zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 90951015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討四方面。第一、探討試題預覽是否有助於聽力成績表現。第二、進一步探究試題預覽的效益是否因聽力程度不同而有所差異。第三、了解學生以試題預覽方式參加聽力測驗的實際經驗與看法。第四、研究試題預覽是否是一個可行的評量聽力的測驗方式。
      參加本實驗的受試者為來自竹山國中120位三年級的學生。首先,他們被分為能力相當的兩組,每一組再被細分為高、中、低三個能力組別,接著研究者分別對兩組受試者施以聽力測驗,不同之處在於實驗組提供試題預覽。最後,實驗組的受試者須填寫一份關於他們對此測驗方式 (試題預覽方式) 的經驗及觀感。
      本研究之主要發現如下:
     1. 受試者在聽力測驗中顯著受益於試題預覽。
     2. 高、中程度的受試者比低程度的受試者從試題預覽中獲得較多的助益。
     3. 由問卷統計結果得知大部分受試者對於試題預覽表達正面的態度。
     4. 試題預覽促進聽者預測聽力內容及使用由上而下的聽力理解方式是一個可行的評量聽力的測驗方式。
      最後, 本研究建議老師們在實施聽力測驗時應以試題預覽的方式進行。再者, 老師們可以以試題預覽做為訓練聽力時的教學活動。另外, 老師們必須考慮學生聽力程度的不同並為低程度者設計額外的聽力訓練活動以便提升其聽力理解能力。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The present study chiefly focuses on four issues. The first issue concerns whether test question preview method can make test takers get better scores on listening comprehension tests or not. The second issue examines whether the effectiveness of test question preview varies with the students’ proficiency levels or not. The third issue aims to probe test takers’ practical experience of taking the listening comprehension test with question preview test method. The fourth issue explores if question preview method is practical in measuring the students’ listening comprehension.
      The participants of this study were 120 third-year students at Chu-shan Junior High School. Firstly, they were divided into two homogeneous groups, each group were further subdivided into three subgroups- high, medium and low proficiency. Then the researcher administered the experimental test to both the experimental group and the control group; the only difference in the treatment was that question preview was used to the experimental group. At last, the experimental group was asked to fill in a questionnaire designed to investigate the experience of taking the listening test with test question preview method.
      The major findings of the study are as follows:
     (1)The junior high EFL students benefited significantly from the test question preview.
     (2)Listeners of high and medium proficiency level gained much assistance from the question preview than those of low proficiency level.
     (3)Questionnaire responses confirmed the positive effects of the test question preview.
     (4)The test question preview promoted information prediction and top-down information processing of test takers; therefore, it is a practical method for assessing learners’ listening comprehension.
     Therefore, it is suggested that teachers incorporate question preview method in the tests of listening comprehension. In addition, it is necessary for teachers to use question previewing as a teaching activity when training students’ listening skills. Finally, teachers should pay more attention to the differences in students’ listening ability and design some other additional activities for low proficiency listeners to promote their ability of understanding the previewed questions and improve efficiency of listening.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………iii
     Table of Contents………………………………………………………ix
     List of Tables…………………………………………………………vii
     List of Figures………………………………………………………viii
     Chinese Abstract……………………………………………………………………ix
     English Abstract……………………………………………………………………x
     Chapter
     1.INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………1
      Background……………………………………………………………1
      Purpose of the Study………………………………………………6
      Design of the Study…………………………………………………7
      Research Instruments………………………………………………8
      Research Questions…………………………………………………10
      Hypotheses……………………………………………………………10
      Significance of the study…………………………………………11
      Definition of Terms…………………………………………………11
     2.LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………………13
      Approaches to Assessing Listening Comprehension……………13
      Formats for Testing Listening Comprehension ………………17
      Methods Effects on Performance …………………………………21
      Test Method Effects on Listening Comprehension Tests ……22
      The Effects of Question Preview on Listening Comprehension…29
     3.METHODOLOGY …………………………………………………………34
      Research Participants………………………………………………36
      Instruments……………………………………………………………37
      The Procedure…………………………………………………………42
      Data Analysis…………………………………………………………52
     4.RESULT AND DISCUSSION………………………………………………53
      Effectiveness of the Test question Preview…………………53
      Proficiency Level and Test question Preview…………………57
      Method effects of Test Question Preview………………………62
     5.CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS………………………………………72
      Summary of the Findings……………………………………………72
      Suggestions and Pedagogical Implications………………………74
      Limitations of the study……………………………………………77
      Suggestions for Further Study……………………………………78
     Appendix
      A.The GEPT Elementary Listening Comprehension Test……………80
      B.The GEPT Elementary Listening Comprehension Test Script …87
      C.The 30-item Listening Test for the pilot study ……………94
      D.The Experimental Listening Test Script…………………………97
      E.The Experimental Listening Test (Preview Group Answer Sheet)………………………………………………………………………103
      F.The Experimental Listening Test (No Preview Group Answer Sheet)………………………………………………………………………106
      G.The Questionnaire……………………………………………………108
      H.Distribution of Scores of the Experimental Group…………109
      I.Distribution of Scores of the Control Group…………………110
      J.The T-test Results of the two HPGs……………………………111
      K.The T-test Results of the two MPGs……………………………111
      L.The T-test Results of the two LPGs……………………………111
      REFERENCE ………………………………………………………………112
zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0090951015en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 試題預覽zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 測驗方式效益zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 聽力理解測驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Question Previewen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Test Method Effecten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Listening Comprehension Testsen_US
dc.title (題名) 試題預覽對國中生英語聽力表現之影嚮:個案研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effects of Test Question Preview on Junior High School Students` English Listening Comprehension: a Case Studyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alderson, J.C. (1983). The cloze procedure and proficiency and foreign language. In Oller, J.W. (Ed.), Methods that work: a smorgasbord of ideas for language teachers. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bailey, K.M. (1998). Learning about language assessment. Pacific Grove: Heinle& Heinle Publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bachman, L.F. & Palmer, A. S. (1996). Language testing in Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bachman, L. F. (1990). Fundamental consideration in language testing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berne, J. E. (1992). The effects of test type, assessment task, and target language experience on foreign language learner’s performance on listening comprehension test. Diss., University of Illinois at Urbana.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, G. A. H. Anderson, N. S. & Lynch, T. (1985). Listening comprehension. Project JHH/190/1. Edinburgh: Scottish Education Department.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Brown, J. D. (1996). Testing in language programs. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buck, G. (1991). The testing of listening comprehension: an introspective study. Language Testing, 8, 67-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buck, G. (1997). The testing of listening in a second language. In Claphan, C. & Corson, D. (Ed.), Language testing and assessment. Dordrecht: Kluwear academic publishers.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Buck, G. (2001). Assessing listening. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, Mei-lan. (2002). The effects of repetition and pictures at different time period on the listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, Hsiao-fang. & Kuo, Fang-rong. (2002). A comparative study of two multiple-choice test formats for assessing English listening competence. Journal of National Len-ho Institute of Technology, 20, 195-210.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, Yuehchu. (2000). Effects of pictures as cues on English assessment of listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, A. D. (1977). Redundancy as a tool in measuring listening comprehension. In Dirven, R. (Ed.), Listening comprehension in foreign language teaching. Scriptor: Kronberg/Ts.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cohen, A. D. (1984). On taking language tests: what the students report. Language Testing, 1, 70-81.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) De Jong, J. H. A. L. (1984). Testing foreign language listening comprehension. Language Testing, 1, 97-104.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dunkel, P. (1991). Listening in the native second/ foreign language: toward an integration of research and practice. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 431-57.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eykyn, L. E. (1992). The effects of listening guides on the comprehension of authentic texts by novice learners of French as a second language. Diss., University of South Carolina.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Goh, C. C.M. (2000). A cognitive perspective on language learners’ listening comprehension problems. System, 28 (1), 55-75.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heaton, J. B. (1975). Writing English language tests. London: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hu, Ling-sheue. (2000). The effects of knowledge of topical background and textual vocabulary on EFL students’ listening performance. Master’s thesis, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hughes, A. (1989). Testing for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambrige University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Klein-Braley, C. (1983). A cloze is a cloze is a question. In Oller, J.W. (Ed.), Methods that work: a smorgasbord of ideas for language teachers. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krashen, S. & Terrell, T. (1983). The natural approach: Language acquisition in the classroom. Oxford: Pergamon Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lado, R. (1961). Language testing: The construction and use of foreign language tests. Longman: London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li, Yu-Fen. (1999). The effect slow speech on Chinese EFL learners’ listening comprehension. Master’s thesis, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin, Tien-chi. (2000). Testing listening comprehension. Huang-pu Journal, 39, 225-234.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Oller, J. W. Jr. (1979). Language tests at school. Longman, London.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rubin, J. (1990). How learner strategies can inform language teaching. In Bickley, V. (Ed.), Language use, language teaching and the curriculum. Hong Kong: Institute of Language in Education, Education Department.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rubin, J. (1994). A review of second language listening comprehension research. The Modern Language Journal, 78 (2), 199-221.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sherman, J. (1997). The effect of question preview in listening comprehension test. Language Testing, 14(2), 185-213.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shohamy, E. (1984). Does the testing method make a difference? The case of reading comprehension. Language Testing, 1(2), 147-70.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shohamy, E. & Inbar, O. (1991). Validation of Listening comprehension tests: The effect of text and question type. Language Testing, 8, 23-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Skehan, P. (1991). Progress in language testing in the 1990s. Language testing in the 1990s. London: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Su, P.C. (1994). The effect of visual elements on English listening comprehension: video-tape-testing verse audiotape-testing. Kaohsiung Normal University Journal, 5, 263-87.zh_TW
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