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題名 德．顧拜旦（1863-1937）與奧運復興運動
Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) and the Olympic Movement
作者 陳复嘉
貢獻者 林美香
陳复嘉
關鍵詞 德．顧拜旦
奧林匹克主義
奧運復興運動
現代奧運
現代體育
展示文化
復古風潮
日期 2006
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 17:12:15 (UTC+8)
摘要 奧林匹克運動會經過1,500年的蟄伏，終在1896年的雅典重獲新生，而幕後的推手，就是被喻為「現代奧運之父」的皮耶．德．顧拜旦（Pierre de Coubertin, 1863-1937）。從1890年代起超過40年的時間，德．顧拜旦一面以具體行動組織奧運復興運動，一面以論述的方式替現代奧運描繪藍圖、進行辯護，此即奧林匹克主義（Olympism）。本文以德．顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其相關行動為研究核心，並從以下三條線索：一、德．顧拜旦個人的生命經驗；二、十九、二十世紀的社會脈動；三、現代奧運早期的發展歷程，闡明德．顧拜旦的奧運理念、思想資源，以及他在奧運復興運動中的歷史位置。第一章概略介紹德．顧拜旦身處的時代與生平梗概，大革命後法國動盪的局勢以及普法戰爭敗北的屈辱，都對出身貴族的他產生刺激，促使他萌生改革社會的念頭。第二章關注當時三股重要的文化潮流：現代運動、展示文化與復古運動，特別著重它們的社會功能與所彰顯的意義，這三項文化運動不僅是現代奧運賴以生長的基礎，它們背後所暗含的現代體育、藝術與歷史意義，更是奧林匹克主義的核心價值。因此，三到五章中，將以此為三大主軸，來分析德，顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其復興奧運的實際行為。本文指出，現代奧運與奧林匹克主義不應該被分開看待，因為兩者皆是德．顧拜旦復興奧運的具體作為，偏廢任何一方，就無法呈現奧運復興運動的全貌。而若要對德．顧拜旦、現代奧運，或者奧林匹克主義做公允的評斷，則還要將時空脈絡納入考慮。如此，我們也才能看出德．顧拜旦既是夢想家，又是實踐者；既是現代奧運的創建者，又是十九世紀奧運復興運動的繼承者等諸多不同的面向。
Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) is recognized as the “Savior” of the Modern Olympic Games. His special contribution contains two major parts: first, he modernized and revived the games, and led the International Olympic Committee for almost 30 years; second, he designed the blueprint and vision of the games by promoting “Olympism”. Therefore, if we want to delve into the early history of the games, it is crucial to figure out what he did, what he said, and what influenced him.
This study intends to portray a historical picture of Olympism, especially focusing on its founder and his milieu. First chapter covers the background which motivated his social revolution. Second chapter highlights on the movements of modern sport, exhibitionary culture and revivalism, which not only represented mainstream cultural trends of 19 century, but also laid the basis of the modern Olympic Games. The underlying meaning of modern physical education, art and its historical positioning served as the core value of Olympism. Chapter 3 to 5, therefore, analyze these three pivotal points with regard to Olympism and its implementation. This study argues that the Modern Olympic Games and Olympism cannot be separated. Concerning that both are the result of actions taken by de Coubertin to revive the Olympic Games, equally important are their role in the Olympic movement. Ignoring either of them can lead to missing the whole picture of the process through which the Modern Olympic Games was founded. In this way, we can also see some different roles de Coubertin played in promoting the Olympic Movement.
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馬仲良等編，《人文奧運研究》，北京：北京體育大學出版社，2005。
馬克思（Karl Marx），唐諾譯，《共產黨宣言》，台北：臉譜，2001。
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四、網頁
1896年雅典奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
2000年雪梨奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2000（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
2004年雅典奧運：
http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2004（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
多佛奧運網頁：
http://www.olimpickgames.co.uk/（瀏覽日期：2006/9/26）
洛杉磯業餘體育基金會（amateur athletic foundation of Los Angeles, AAFLA）附設圖書館（AAF Sports Library）網頁：
http://www.aafla.org:8080/verity_templates/jsp/newsearch/search.jsp（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
國際特殊奧運會網頁（Special Olympics International）：
http://www.specialolympics.org/Special+Olympics+Public+Website/default.htm（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）。
國際殘奧委員會（International Paralympic Committee）網頁：
http://www.paralympic.org/release/Main_Sections_Menu/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
溫洛克奧林匹亞協會（Wenlock Olympian Society）網頁：
http://www.wenlock-olympian-society.org.uk/index.php?pr=Home_Page（瀏覽日期：2006/10/08）
德瑞貝格慶典網頁：
http://www.industrielles-gartenreich.com/english/03_projekte/311_drehberg.htm（瀏覽日期：2006/9/25）
聽障奧林匹克運動會網頁（Deaflympics Games）：
http://www.deaflympics.com/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
歷史研究所
92153001
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0921530011
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 林美香zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳复嘉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 陳复嘉zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 17:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 17:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 17:12:15 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0921530011en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33613-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 歷史研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 92153001zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 奧林匹克運動會經過1,500年的蟄伏，終在1896年的雅典重獲新生，而幕後的推手，就是被喻為「現代奧運之父」的皮耶．德．顧拜旦（Pierre de Coubertin, 1863-1937）。從1890年代起超過40年的時間，德．顧拜旦一面以具體行動組織奧運復興運動，一面以論述的方式替現代奧運描繪藍圖、進行辯護，此即奧林匹克主義（Olympism）。本文以德．顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其相關行動為研究核心，並從以下三條線索：一、德．顧拜旦個人的生命經驗；二、十九、二十世紀的社會脈動；三、現代奧運早期的發展歷程，闡明德．顧拜旦的奧運理念、思想資源，以及他在奧運復興運動中的歷史位置。第一章概略介紹德．顧拜旦身處的時代與生平梗概，大革命後法國動盪的局勢以及普法戰爭敗北的屈辱，都對出身貴族的他產生刺激，促使他萌生改革社會的念頭。第二章關注當時三股重要的文化潮流：現代運動、展示文化與復古運動，特別著重它們的社會功能與所彰顯的意義，這三項文化運動不僅是現代奧運賴以生長的基礎，它們背後所暗含的現代體育、藝術與歷史意義，更是奧林匹克主義的核心價值。因此，三到五章中，將以此為三大主軸，來分析德，顧拜旦的奧林匹克主義與其復興奧運的實際行為。本文指出，現代奧運與奧林匹克主義不應該被分開看待，因為兩者皆是德．顧拜旦復興奧運的具體作為，偏廢任何一方，就無法呈現奧運復興運動的全貌。而若要對德．顧拜旦、現代奧運，或者奧林匹克主義做公允的評斷，則還要將時空脈絡納入考慮。如此，我們也才能看出德．顧拜旦既是夢想家，又是實踐者；既是現代奧運的創建者，又是十九世紀奧運復興運動的繼承者等諸多不同的面向。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) is recognized as the “Savior” of the Modern Olympic Games. His special contribution contains two major parts: first, he modernized and revived the games, and led the International Olympic Committee for almost 30 years; second, he designed the blueprint and vision of the games by promoting “Olympism”. Therefore, if we want to delve into the early history of the games, it is crucial to figure out what he did, what he said, and what influenced him.
This study intends to portray a historical picture of Olympism, especially focusing on its founder and his milieu. First chapter covers the background which motivated his social revolution. Second chapter highlights on the movements of modern sport, exhibitionary culture and revivalism, which not only represented mainstream cultural trends of 19 century, but also laid the basis of the modern Olympic Games. The underlying meaning of modern physical education, art and its historical positioning served as the core value of Olympism. Chapter 3 to 5, therefore, analyze these three pivotal points with regard to Olympism and its implementation. This study argues that the Modern Olympic Games and Olympism cannot be separated. Concerning that both are the result of actions taken by de Coubertin to revive the Olympic Games, equally important are their role in the Olympic movement. Ignoring either of them can lead to missing the whole picture of the process through which the Modern Olympic Games was founded. In this way, we can also see some different roles de Coubertin played in promoting the Olympic Movement.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 緒論 1

第一章 時代氛圍與德．顧拜旦生涯概述 14
第一節 巨變的時代 15
第二節 德．顧拜旦生平概述 23

第二章 德‧顧拜旦復興奧運的思想起源 33
第一節 現代運動——身體的文藝復興 34
1.1 運動風潮：運動成為一種生活風格 34
1.2 體能教育：運動作為一種教化方式 39
第二節 大眾娛樂——展示與觀看的年代 45
第三節 復古風潮——被發明的傳統與奧運復興運動 54

第三章 奧林匹克主義與現代體育 70
第一節 德．顧拜旦與現代體育 72
第二節 德．顧拜旦的論述策略與理想典範 82
第三節 德．顧拜旦的體育理念 85

第四章 奧林匹克思想中的藝術 95
第一節 德．顧拜旦與展示文化 95
第二節 奧林匹克主義中的藝術理念 103
第三節 巴黎諮詢會議與奧林匹克藝術競賽 108
第四節 奧運會中具體的藝術形式 112

第五章 奧林匹克思想中的歷史意含 117
第一節 德．顧拜旦與早期奧運復興運動 117
第二節 奧林匹克主義中的歷史意含 125
第三節 現代奧運中的歷史痕跡 131

結論 137

附錄 146

參考書目 150		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0921530011en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 德．顧拜旦zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 奧林匹克主義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 奧運復興運動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 現代奧運zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 現代體育zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 展示文化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 復古風潮zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 德．顧拜旦（1863-1937）與奧運復興運動zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) and the Olympic Movementen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Deveen, Maurice, “Letting Everyone Do Sport,” Olympic Review, no. 296 (June, 1992): pp. 312-315.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Durantez, Conrado, “Olympism,” Olympique Review, no. 311 (September, 1993): pp. 372-376.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Durry, Jean, “Pierre de Coubertin: Sport and Aesthetics,” Olympic Review, no. 225 (July, 1986): pp. 390-396.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dyreson, Mark, “The Invention of the Sporting Republic: Middle-Class Ideology and Sport During the Progressive Era,” NASSH Proceeding and Newsletter (1990): pp. 39-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guttmann, Allen, “English Sports Spectators: From Restoration to the Early Nineteenth Century,” Journal of Sports History, 12:2 (summer, 1985): pp. 104-125.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —— “Victorian Muscular Christianity Prologue to the Olympic Games Philosophy II,” Olympic Review, no. 99-100 (January-February, 1976): pp. 49-52.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —— “Formatting Power of the IOC Founding the Birth of a New Peace Movement,” Citius, Altius, Fortius, 3:1(Winter, 1995): pp. 6-16.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 四、網頁zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1896年雅典奧運：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1896（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2000年雪梨奧運：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2000（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2004年雅典奧運：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=2004（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 多佛奧運網頁：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.olimpickgames.co.uk/（瀏覽日期：2006/9/26）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洛杉磯業餘體育基金會（amateur athletic foundation of Los Angeles, AAFLA）附設圖書館（AAF Sports Library）網頁：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.aafla.org:8080/verity_templates/jsp/newsearch/search.jsp（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國際特殊奧運會網頁（Special Olympics International）：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.specialolympics.org/Special+Olympics+Public+Website/default.htm（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 國際殘奧委員會（International Paralympic Committee）網頁：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.paralympic.org/release/Main_Sections_Menu/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 溫洛克奧林匹亞協會（Wenlock Olympian Society）網頁：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.wenlock-olympian-society.org.uk/index.php?pr=Home_Page（瀏覽日期：2006/10/08）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 德瑞貝格慶典網頁：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.industrielles-gartenreich.com/english/03_projekte/311_drehberg.htm（瀏覽日期：2006/9/25）zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 聽障奧林匹克運動會網頁（Deaflympics Games）：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) http://www.deaflympics.com/（瀏覽日期：2007/06/03）zh_TW