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題名 NGOs and the Creation of the International Criminal Court
作者 紀蒨樺
Chi, Chien-Hua
貢獻者 姜家雄
Chiang,Alex
紀蒨樺
Chi, Chien-Hua
關鍵詞 NGOs
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Rome Statute
NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC)
New Diplomacy
日期 2004
上傳時間 17-Sep-2009 17:52:33 (UTC+8)
摘要 This research aims to analyze the relationship between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). To understand the making of the ICC and the role of NGOs in its making is the intention behind this research project. It is for this reason that this thesis begins with a detailed examination of the emerging roles of NGOs in international relations. Subsequently, the background of ICC’s making is mentioned. It is divided into two parts, including participation of states and participation of NGOs. Regarding participation of NGOs in the making of the ICC, NGO Coalition for the ICC (CICC) plays a crucial role in this campaign.
In summary, the lessons learned from CICC can be concluded as follows:
- setting and controlling the international political agenda
- gathering and analyzing information quickly
- using the media as a means of dissemination
- increasing communications with States
- coordinating information and strategy
- reducing coalition-building costs
- monitoring and implementing international law

The creation of the ICC can be seen as a multilateral mechanism for concerted international human security efforts. If we can apply the lessons that CICC have learned, then many more successful campaigns will be expected soon.
參考文獻 Books
Archer, Clive. International Organizations, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1992.
Arts, Bas, Math Noortmann, and Bob Reinalda, eds. Non-States Actors in International Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Crimes against Humanity in International Criminal Law. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
Berridge, G. R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave, 2002.
Boil, John, and George M. Thomas, eds. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Clark, Gerard. The Politics of NGOs in South-East Asia: Participation and Protest in the Philippines. London: Routledge, 1998.
Clark, Ian. Globalization and International Relations Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Cleary, Seamus. The Role of NGOs under Authoritarian Political Systems. Basingstoke, Hampshire (England): Macmillan, 1997.
Commission on Global Governance. Our Global Neighborhood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Feld, Werner J. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach, 3rd ed. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994.
Florini, Ann M, ed. The Third Force: the Rise of Transnational Civil Society. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.
Frederick, Howard H. Global Communication & International Relations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993.
Heston, Alan W., and Jude L. Fernando, eds. The Role of NGOs Charity and Empowerment. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.
Hewson, Martin, and Timothy J. Sinclair, eds. Approaches to Global Governance Theory. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.
Hulme, David, and Michael Edwards, eds. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? New York: St. Martin`s, 1997.
Jacobson, Harold K. Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.
Safferling, Christoph J. M. Towards an International Criminal Procedure. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Jorgensen, Nina H. B. The Responsibility of States for International Crimes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Kauppi, Mark V., and Paul R. Viotti. International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism. New York: Macmillan, 1998.
Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Power and Interdependence, 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2001.
Kerr, Rachel, The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Krasner, Stephen D., ed. International Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Lee, Roy S., ed. The International Criminal Court – The Making of the Rome Statute. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002.
Nye, Joseph S., and John D. Donahue, eds. Governance in a Globalizing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2000.
Paolini, Albert J., Anthony P. Jarvis, and Christian Reus-Smit, eds. Between Sovereignty and Global Governance: The United Nations, the State and Civil Society. Basingstoke, Hampshire (England): Macmillan, 1998.
Pei-heng, Chiang. Non-Governmental Organizations at the United Nations: Identity, Role and Function. New York: Praeger, 1981.
Rittberger, Volker. Regime Theory and International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.
Ronit, Karsten, and Volker Schneider, eds. Private Organizations in Global Politics. London: Routledge, 2000.
Rosenau, James N. The Study of Global Interdependence: Essays on the Transnationalisation of World Affairs. New York: Nichols, 1980.
Rosenau, James N., and Ernst O. Czempiel, eds., Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Rosenne, Shabtai. The World Court – What It Is and How It Works, 4th ed. Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Tvedt, Terje. Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats? NGOs and Foreign Aid. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.
Union of International Associations, eds., Yearbooks of International Organizations: Guide to Global and Civil Society Networks 2003/2004, Vol. 1B München: K. G. Saur, 2003.
Weiss, Thomas G., and Leon Gordenker, eds. NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance. London: Lynne Rienner, 1996.
Willetts, Peter, ed. The Conscience of the World: The Influence of Non- Governmental Organizations in the UN System. Washington, DC: the Brookings Institution, 1996.
Wolfrum, Rudiger, and Christiane Philipp, eds. United Nations: Law, Policies and Practice. Dordrecht: C.H. Beck, 1995.
Articles
Alger, Chadwick. “The Emerging Roles of NGOs in the UN system: From Article 71 to a People’s Millennium Assembly.” Global Governance 8 (January-March 2002): 93-117.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif. “The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court.” Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 1 (March 1991): 1-43.
Bradshaw, York W., and Mark J. Schafer. “Urbanization and Development: Emergence of International Nongovernmental Organizations amid Declining States.” Sociological Perspective 43 (January 2000): 97-116.
Benedetti, Fanny, and John L. Washburn. “Drafting the International Criminal Court Treaty: Two years to Rome and an Afterword on the Rome Diplomatic Conference.” Global Governance 5 (January-March 1999): 1-37.
Clark, Ann Marie. “Non-Governmental Organizations and Their Influence on International Society.” Journal of International Affairs 48 (Winter 1995): 507-525.
Clark, Ann Marie, Elisabeth J. Friedman, and Kathryn Hochstetler. “Sovereignty in the Balance: Claims and Bargains at the UN Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and Women.” International Studies Quarterly 44 (December 2000): 591-613.
Cooper, Andrew F., and Brian Hocking. “Governments, Non-governmental Organisations and the Re-calibration of Diplomacy.” Global Society 14 (July 2000): 361-376.
Davenport, David. “The New Diplomacy.” Policy Review, 116 (December 2002 & January 2003): 17-30.
Economides, Spyros. “The International Criminal Court: Reforming the Politics of International Justice.” Government and Opposition 38 (January 2003): 29-51.
Finkelstein, Lawrence S. “What is Global Governance.” Global Governance 1 (September-December 1995): 367-372.
Forsythe, David P. “The United States and International Criminal Justice.” Human Rights Quarterly 24 (Spring 2002): 974-991.
Gallarotti, Giulio M., and Preis, Arik Y. “Toward Universal Human Rights and the Rule of Law: The Permanent International Criminal Court.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 53 (June 1999): 95-111.
Greppi, Edoardo. “The Evolution of Individual Criminal Responsibility under International Law.” International Review of the Red Cross, no. 835 (September 1999): 531-553.
Halliday, Fred. “Global Governance: Prospects and Problem.” Citizenship Studies 4 (February 2000): 19-33.
Iriye, Akira, "A Century of NGOs," Diplomatic History 23 (Summer 1999): 421-435.
Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. “Power and Interdependence in the Information Age.” Foreign Affairs 77 (September/October 1998): 81-94.
Kirsch, P., and J. T. Holmes. “The Rome Conference on an International Criminal Court: The Negotiating Process,” American Journal of International Law 93 (January 1999): 2-12.
Marquardt, Paul D. “Law Without Border: The Constitutionality of an International Criminal Court.” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 33 (March 1995): 73-148.
Mathews, Jessica T. “Power Shift.” Foreign Affairs 76 (January-February 1997): 50-66.
Mundis, Daryl A. “The Assembly of States Parties and the Institutional Framework of the International Criminal Court.” The American Journal of International Law 97 (January 2003): 132-147.
Ottaway, Marina. “Corporatism Goes Global: International Organizations, Nongovernmental Organization Networks, and Transnational Business.” Global Governance 7 (July-September 2001): 265-292.
Otto, Dianne. “Nongovernmental Organizations in United Nations System: The Emerging Role of International Civil Society.” Human Rights Quarterly 18 (February 1996): 107-142.
Pace, William and Jennifer Schense. “International Lawmaking of Historic Proportions: Civil Society and the International Criminal Court.” In Fighting for Human Rights ed. Paul Gready, 104-116. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Pace, William and Jennifer Schense. “The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations.” In The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary Vol. 1, ed. Antonio Cassese, Paola Gaeta and John R.W.D. Jones, 105-143. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Princen, Thomas. “NGOs: creating a niche in environmental diplomacy.” In Environmental NGOs in World Politics ed. Thomas Princen and Matthias Finger, 29-47. London: Routledge, 1994.
Rhodes, R. A. W. “The New Governance: Governing Without Government.” Political Studies 44 (September 1996): 652-667.
Robinson, Darryl. “Defining Crimes against Humanity at the Rome Conference.” American Journal of International Law 93 (January 1999): 43-57.
Robinson, Fiona. “NGOs and the Advancement of Economic and Social Rights: Philosophical and Practical Controversies.” International Relations 17 (March 2003): 79-96.
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. “Institutions of International Justice.” Journal of International Affairs 52 (Spring 1999): 473-491.
Rosenau, James N. “Governance in the Twenty-first Century.” Global Governance 1 (January-April 1995): 13-43.
Rosenthal, John, “A Lawless Global Court – How the ICC undermines the U.N. system,” Policy Review (February-March 2004): 29-43.
Rutherford, Kenneth R., “Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) and International Politics in the Twenty-First Century,” American Foreign Policy Interests, 23 (February 2001): 23-29.
Scheffer, David J. “The United States and the International Criminal Court.” American Journal of International Law 93 (January 1999): 12-22.
Simmons, P. J. “Learning to Live with NGOs.” Foreign Policy 112 (Fall 1998): 82-96.
Smillis, Ian. “NGOs and Development Assistance: A Change in Mind-Set?” Third World Quarterly 18 (September 1997): 563-577.
Smouts, Marie-Claude. “The Proper Use of Governance in International Relations.” International Social Science Journal 50 (March 1998): 81-89.
Spees, Pam, “Women’s Advocacy in the Creation of the International Criminal Court: Changing the Landscapes of Justice and Power,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Summer 2003): 1233-1254.
Tuijl, Peter Van. “NGOs and Human Rights: Sources of Justice and Democracy.” Journal of International Affairs 52 (Spring 1999): 493-512.
Van Der Vyver, Johan D., “Civil Society and the International Criminal Court,” Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 2, No. 3 (September 2003): 425-439.
Weiss, Thomas G. “Governance, Good Governance and Global Governance: Conceptual and Actual Challenges.” Third World Quarterly 21 (October 2000): 795-814.
Weller, Marc. “Undoing the global constitution: UN Security Council action on the International Criminal Court.” International Affairs 78 (Summer 2002): 693-712.
Woods, Ngaire. “Good Governance in International Organizations” Global Governance 5 (January-March 1999): 39-61.
Internet sources
Glasius, Marlie, “How Activists Shaped the Court,” Crimes of War Project, December 2003, available at http://www.crimesofwar.org/print/icc/icc-glasius-print.html
Global Policy Forum, NGOs and the International Criminal Court: http://www.globalpolicy.org/ngos/role/campaign/ciccindex.htm
Human Rights Watch, World Report 1999, Special Issues and Campaigns, “The International Criminal Court” including section on NGO role, available at http://www.hrw.org/worldreport99/special/icc.html
International Criminal Court：http://www.un.org/law/icc
http://www.icc-cpi.int/home.html
NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC), The：http://www.iccnow.org
Rome statute of the International Criminal Court：http://www.un.org/law/icc/statute/romefra.htm
http://untreaty.un.org/ENGLISH/bible/englishinternetbible/partI/chapterXVIII/treaty10.asp
United Nations： http://www.un.org/
Washington Working Group on the International Criminal Court：
http://www.wfa.org/issues/wicc/article98/article98home.html
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交研究所
91253003
93
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912530031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜家雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiang,Alexen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 紀蒨樺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chi, Chien-Huaen_US
dc.creator (作者) 紀蒨樺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chi, Chien-Huaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2004en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Sep-2009 17:52:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Sep-2009 17:52:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Sep-2009 17:52:33 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0912530031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33686-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 91253003zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This research aims to analyze the relationship between non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC). To understand the making of the ICC and the role of NGOs in its making is the intention behind this research project. It is for this reason that this thesis begins with a detailed examination of the emerging roles of NGOs in international relations. Subsequently, the background of ICC’s making is mentioned. It is divided into two parts, including participation of states and participation of NGOs. Regarding participation of NGOs in the making of the ICC, NGO Coalition for the ICC (CICC) plays a crucial role in this campaign.
In summary, the lessons learned from CICC can be concluded as follows:
- setting and controlling the international political agenda
- gathering and analyzing information quickly
- using the media as a means of dissemination
- increasing communications with States
- coordinating information and strategy
- reducing coalition-building costs
- monitoring and implementing international law

The creation of the ICC can be seen as a multilateral mechanism for concerted international human security efforts. If we can apply the lessons that CICC have learned, then many more successful campaigns will be expected soon.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1
Introduction…………………………………………………………………1
Research Purpose and Questions………………………………………2
Literature Review…………………………………………………………4
Scope of Research…………………………………………………………7
Research Design……………………………………………………………8
Organization of the Thesis……………………………………………9

Chapter 2
The Emerging Roles of NGOs in International Relations… 11
Introduction……………………………………………………………… 11
What is a non-governmental organization (NGO)?…………… 12
The roles of NGOs in International Relations Theory…… 21
The roles of NGOs in International Relations Practice… 30
Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 40

Chapter 3
The Creation of the International Criminal Court……… 41
Introduction………………………………………………………… 41
The Background of the Making of the International Criminal
Court…………………………………………………………………… 42
Building the International Criminal Court (ICC)…… ……50
Participation of States…………………………………………… 62
Participation of NGOs…………………………………………… 66
Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 69

Chapter 4
The NGO Coalition for the ICC in the Making of the ICC…71
Introduction……………………………………………………………… 71
The Background of the NGO Coalition for the ICC (CICC)…72
CICC Dimensions in Practice…………………………………………75
The Process of Negotiations (1995-1998)……………………… 84
The Process of Ratifications (1998-2002)…………………… 87
Lessons from CICC……………………………………………………… 90
Conclusion………………………………………………………………… 95

Chapter 5 Conclusion……………………………………………… 97


Appendix I
Final Act of the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court……………………………………………………… 101

Appendix II
The States Parties to the Rome Statute…………………… 122

Appendix III
Letters between the CICC and the author………………… 126


Bibliography …………………………………………………… 129		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0912530031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NGOsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) International Criminal Court (ICC)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rome Statuteen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) NGO Coalition for the International Criminal Court (CICC)en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) New Diplomacyen_US
dc.title (題名) NGOs and the Creation of the International Criminal Courtzh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bookszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Archer, Clive. International Organizations, 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arts, Bas, Math Noortmann, and Bob Reinalda, eds. Non-States Actors in International Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bassiouni, M. Cherif. Crimes against Humanity in International Criminal Law. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Berridge, G. R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. New York: Palgrave, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Boil, John, and George M. Thomas, eds. Constructing World Culture: International Nongovernmental Organizations Since 1875. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Gerard. The Politics of NGOs in South-East Asia: Participation and Protest in the Philippines. London: Routledge, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Ian. Globalization and International Relations Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cleary, Seamus. The Role of NGOs under Authoritarian Political Systems. Basingstoke, Hampshire (England): Macmillan, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Commission on Global Governance. Our Global Neighborhood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feld, Werner J. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach, 3rd ed. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1994.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Florini, Ann M, ed. The Third Force: the Rise of Transnational Civil Society. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frederick, Howard H. Global Communication & International Relations. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Heston, Alan W., and Jude L. Fernando, eds. The Role of NGOs Charity and Empowerment. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hewson, Martin, and Timothy J. Sinclair, eds. Approaches to Global Governance Theory. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hulme, David, and Michael Edwards, eds. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? New York: St. Martin`s, 1997.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jacobson, Harold K. Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Safferling, Christoph J. M. Towards an International Criminal Procedure. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jorgensen, Nina H. B. The Responsibility of States for International Crimes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kauppi, Mark V., and Paul R. Viotti. International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism. New York: Macmillan, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keck, Margaret E., and Kathryn Sikkink. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Transnational Relations and World Politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Keohane, Robert O., and Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Power and Interdependence, 3rd ed. New York: Longman, 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kerr, Rachel, The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krasner, Stephen D., ed. International Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lee, Roy S., ed. The International Criminal Court – The Making of the Rome Statute. Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Nye, Joseph S., and John D. Donahue, eds. Governance in a Globalizing World. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paolini, Albert J., Anthony P. Jarvis, and Christian Reus-Smit, eds. Between Sovereignty and Global Governance: The United Nations, the State and Civil Society. Basingstoke, Hampshire (England): Macmillan, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pei-heng, Chiang. Non-Governmental Organizations at the United Nations: Identity, Role and Function. New York: Praeger, 1981.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rittberger, Volker. Regime Theory and International Relations. Oxford: Clarendon, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ronit, Karsten, and Volker Schneider, eds. Private Organizations in Global Politics. London: Routledge, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenau, James N. The Study of Global Interdependence: Essays on the Transnationalisation of World Affairs. New York: Nichols, 1980.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenau, James N., and Ernst O. Czempiel, eds., Governance Without Government: Order and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rosenne, Shabtai. The World Court – What It Is and How It Works, 4th ed. Dordrecht; Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tvedt, Terje. Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats? NGOs and Foreign Aid. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Union of International Associations, eds., Yearbooks of International Organizations: Guide to Global and Civil Society Networks 2003/2004, Vol. 1B München: K. G. Saur, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Weiss, Thomas G., and Leon Gordenker, eds. NGOs, the UN, and Global Governance. London: Lynne Rienner, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Willetts, Peter, ed. The Conscience of the World: The Influence of Non- Governmental Organizations in the UN System. Washington, DC: the Brookings Institution, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wolfrum, Rudiger, and Christiane Philipp, eds. United Nations: Law, Policies and Practice. Dordrecht: C.H. Beck, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Articleszh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alger, Chadwick. “The Emerging Roles of NGOs in the UN system: From Article 71 to a People’s Millennium Assembly.” Global Governance 8 (January-March 2002): 93-117.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bassiouni, M. Cherif. “The Time Has Come for an International Criminal Court.” Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 1 (March 1991): 1-43.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bradshaw, York W., and Mark J. Schafer. “Urbanization and Development: Emergence of International Nongovernmental Organizations amid Declining States.” Sociological Perspective 43 (January 2000): 97-116.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Benedetti, Fanny, and John L. Washburn. “Drafting the International Criminal Court Treaty: Two years to Rome and an Afterword on the Rome Diplomatic Conference.” Global Governance 5 (January-March 1999): 1-37.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Ann Marie. “Non-Governmental Organizations and Their Influence on International Society.” Journal of International Affairs 48 (Winter 1995): 507-525.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clark, Ann Marie, Elisabeth J. Friedman, and Kathryn Hochstetler. “Sovereignty in the Balance: Claims and Bargains at the UN Conferences on the Environment, Human Rights, and Women.” International Studies Quarterly 44 (December 2000): 591-613.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cooper, Andrew F., and Brian Hocking. “Governments, Non-governmental Organisations and the Re-calibration of Diplomacy.” Global Society 14 (July 2000): 361-376.zh_TW
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