| dc.contributor.advisor | 于卓民 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 葛卓強 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Graham,Joshua | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 葛卓強 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Graham,Joshua | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 2006 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 17-Sep-2009 18:53:33 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 17-Sep-2009 18:53:33 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 17-Sep-2009 18:53:33 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | G0094933026 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33949 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國際經營管理碩士班(IMBA) | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 94933026 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 95 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Although wind energy is still unable to compete with traditional forms of power production on the free market, it is the world’s fastest-growing energy source with an average annual growth rate of 29 percent. This growth is mainly due to favorable policies set by the government. The reasons for these policies include the reduction of: pollution, fossil fuel dependency, and/or carbon emissions. Countries have utilized a number of wind energy incentive programs which have produced varying results. In the past, researchers have found that the “fixed tariff” incentive policy stimulates growth in the wind energy market, but produces a high price. In contrast, the “tendering tariff” has been found to stimulate much less growth with a low price. The cases of Taiwan and China have been analyzed in this thesis, and it was found that, contrary to expectations, the fixed tariff system in Taiwan has a lower price and has produced less growth than the tendering tariff system in China. The reasons for this purported in this thesis is that the model for understanding the dynamics of the policy was wrong. The price under the fixed tariff system determines the amount of development and the amount of land offered in the auctions determines the amount development in the tendering tariff system. The price in the tendering tariff system depends on the amount of competition in the bidding process. Taiwan has been frugal in their pricing of wind generated electricity and the Chinese government has shown determination to offer enough land for development in federal and local auctions to triple its goals. Other policies have also been analyzed including those favoring local companies. China’s large market has given it a bargaining tool for the use of such policies to stimulate joint ventures and local manufacturing, but Taiwan is too small for companies to take interest in similar policies.In Taiwan, companies have played a key role in establishing infrastructure because there was originally a general lack of policy despite political goals. This gave rise to the concept of the “global wind energy company” presented in this thesis. This type of company analyzes the markets of numerous countries before making the decision to enter. To find truly uncontested markets, a company may have to help create infrastructure in markets where it is lacking. Models of the country selection process are given along with strategy models for companies within the different policy systems. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract iAcknowledgements ivTable of Contents viList of Figures ixList of Tables xPreface xiChapter 1 12INTRODUCTION 121.1 The History of Wind Energy and Policy 121.2 The Reasons for Incentive Policy 31.2.1 Potential Energy Shortages 31.2.2 Global Warming 61.2.3 Pollution 81.3 The Benefits of Wind Energy 81.3.1 Wind Energy is Renewable 81.3.2 Wind Energy is Widely Distributed 91.3.3 Wind Energy is Clean and has Few Carbon Emissions 91.4 Wind Energy’s Price Competitiveness 101.5 The Goals of Policy 131.6 Strategic Framework 141.6 .1 Theory of Constraints 151.6.2 “Global” vs. “Local” Strategy 161.6.3 Emergent Core Competencies 161.7 Incentive Policies and Strategy 171.7.1 The Fixed Tariff System (Taiwan and Germany) 191.7.2 The Tendering Tariff System (China) 201.7.3 The Fixed Quota System (USA, UK, and China) 211.7.4 Summary 211.8 Hypotheses Derived from Previous Research 221.9 The True Determinants of Development and Price within the Fixed Tariff and Tendering Tariff Systems 231.10 Other Evidence of Strategic Focus 24Chapter 2 24RELATED WORK & BACKGROUND 242.1 Research on Wind Energy Policy 242.1.1 Incentive Policy Comparison 252.1.2 The Reasons for the Differences in the Findings of Menanteau et al. and this Thesis 282.1.3 Stimulation of Industry 292.2 Background of Wind Energy Policy in Taiwan 312.2.1 Wind Potential in Taiwan 342.2.2 InfraVest 342.2.3 TaiPower 362.3 Background of Wind Energy in China 372.3.1 The History of Wind Energy Policy in China 382.3.1.1 The “Initial Phase” 382.3.1.2 The “Incremental Phase” 392.3.1.3 The “Coordinated Phase” 402.3.2 China’s Wind Energy Policy Controversy 44Chapter 3 47METHODOLOGY 473.1 Research Done in Taiwan 473.2 Research Conducted for China 48Chapter 4 49POLICY AND WIND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY STRATEGY IN TAIWAN 494.1 Overview 494.2 “Global strategy” 494.2.1 Establishing the Incentive Structure 504.2.2 Permitting Approval 524.2.3 Further Lobbying Efforts 524.3 “Local Strategy” 534.3.1 Land Rights Acquisition vs. Market Share 534.3.2 Land Rights Acquisition vs. Efficiency 544.3.3 Evidence of Fierce Competition in Taiwan 554.2.4 Other Ways to Achieve Efficiency 564.2.5 Finance 574.3 Policy to Stimulate Local Industry 584.4 Emergent Core Competencies 594.4.1 Land Rights Acquisition 604.4.2 Permits 604.4.3 Other Emergent Competencies 614.5 Summary for Taiwan 62Chapter 5 63POLICY AND WIND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY STRATEGY IN CHINA 635.1 Strategy for the Tendering Tariff 645.2 The Influence of the Fixed Quota on Federal Auctions 665.3 Local Markets 695.5 Local Manufacture Policy 715.6 Anticipation of a change in policy 725.7 Emergent Core Competencies 735.8 Summary 75Chapter 6 77ANALYSIS 776.1 Explanation of Findings 776.1.1 The Established Price of the Fixed Tariff Determines the Amount of Development 776.1.2 To Promote Rapid Development in the Fixed Tariff System, Price Should be Set High and then Lowered 796.1.3 The Number of Sites Which a Government Auctions in the Tendering Tariff System Determines the Amount of Development 816.2 Strategy within the Policy Frameworks 816.2.1 Fixed Tariff 816.2.2 Tendering Tariff 836.3 Company Vision 856.3.1 Resource Based View of Mature vs. New Markets 876.3.2 A Model for Estimating Market Share 906.4 Policy Goals 926.4.1 The Idea of a Hybrid System 936.4.2 The Goal of Establishing a Local Wind Turbine Manufacturing Industry 946.4.3 The Goal of Promoting Local Windfarm Development Companies 956.5 Summary 956.6 Suggestions for future research 97Appendices 98Bibliography 114 List of FiguresFigure 1 Global Electricity Production by Source in 2004 4Figure 2 Non-hydro Renewable Energies in Electricity Production in 2004 (“Other” in Figure 1) 6Figure 3 Observed Changes in Physical and Biological Systems vs. Surface Temperature between 1970 and 2004 7Figure 4 The Cost of Generating Electricity (Pence per kWh) 12Figure 5 The Policy Formation Process 14Figure 6 Classifications of Incentive Policy Instruments 18Figure 7 Home Market Size vs. Installed Global Capacity for WT Manufacturers 31Figure 9 Policies Under Administration by the NDRC 42Figure 10 Comparison of Goals and Federal Auctions 68Figure 11 80Figure 12 The Shift of Strategic Focus Due to Constraints 83Figure 13 The Search for Advantage in Auctions 84Figure 15 Decision Tree for Multinational Wind Energy Developers 87Figure 16 Final market share if Company 3 acquires land twice as fast 91Figure 17 Final market share if Company 3 acquires land twice as fast and there has been land leases 92Figure 18 Published Estimates of World Oil Ultimate Recovery 99Figure 19 EIA World Conventional Oil Production Scenarios 100Figure 20 Distribution of Proved Reserves 101Figure 21 Peak Discovery vs. Demand 101Figure 22 Worldwide Possible Coal Production 102Figure 23 World Production vs. Requirement 1947-2003 103Figure 24 Key Impacts as a Function of Increasing Global Average Temperature Change 106Figure 25 Cost of Energy - Large Windfarm vs. Small 111 List of TablesTable 1 Comparitive Cost of Wind and Other Energy Sources 11Table 2 Comparison of Policy and Focus of Competition in Taiwan and China 21Table 3 Hypotheses and Results 22Table 4 Comparison of Average Price Paid for Energy from Windfarms 25Table 5 Comparison of Installed Capacity 25Table 6 Chinese Concession Model 2006 42Table 7 Chinese Wind Farm Bidding Rates 44Table 8 Profit with Various Wind Availabilities 54Table 9 Relative Costs of Windfarm Construction 64Table 10 Wind Turbine Exports and Imports 73Table 11 Global Vision vs. Local Vision 85Table 12 Mature Markets with Fixed Tariff System 88Table 13 Newly Developed Markets with Fixed Tariff System 88Table 14 Newly Developed Markets with Tendering Tariff System 88 | zh_TW |
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| dc.language.iso | en_US | - |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094933026 | en_US |
| dc.subject (關鍵詞) | 風力發電 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | 政府政策對於風力發電的影響：台灣與中國之比較 | zh_TW |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en |
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