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題名 台灣地區教育程度別女性初婚年齡分佈模式
Age Schedule of First Marriages for Females in Taiwan
作者 陳雅琪
Chen, Ya-Chi
貢獻者 陳信木
陳雅琪
Chen, Ya-Chi
關鍵詞 女性初婚年齡模式
教育擴張
晚婚
日期 2006
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 10:47:14 (UTC+8)
摘要   「男大當婚,女大當嫁」的傳統婚姻規範漸漸凋零,從過去普遍成婚的形態轉變為遲婚、甚至不婚。1970年代以降,隨著教育機會的開放與普及,女性的教育程度持續地上升,衝擊「男主外,女主內」的性別角色分工形式,越來越多女性在職場上嶄露頭角,晚婚漸漸成為普遍的現象。
  
  面對1970年代以降,教育急速地擴張,婚姻的時程是否有了重大的改變?不同的教育歷程是否影響其結婚的可能性?為了瞭解這些提問,本研究扣緊年齡之社會規範壓力,欲探求女性不同教育程度之初婚時程,並探討各初婚年齡模式,研究選用Hernes提出之初婚年齡函數,運用人力資源調查之資料推估出各教育程度之分配形式,以描繪教育擴張對婚姻時程帶來的影響。

  研究結果發現,第一,女性單身的比例越來越高,尤以高教育程度增加幅度最大,初婚年齡也隨世代推移越來越高;第二, 1950-1970世代女性初婚平均年齡逐漸增長外,變異也更大;第三,女性高等教育遲婚影響到整體初婚年齡的上昇,即使其他教育別初婚年齡有下降的趨勢,仍難以阻擋平均初婚年齡上的趨勢;第四,女性國中以下教育程度早婚的趨勢越來越明顯;第五,各教育程度之模式分配形狀越趨類似,到了後期僅有時間遞延的差異;第六,女性人口完成結婚年齡有三個不同趨勢的發展,高教育組(專科及大學)有晚婚的現象,完成結婚年齡越來越高,而高中、職則呈現持平的現象,國中教育程度有早婚的現象。
參考文獻 內政部。歷年。《臺閩地區人口統計》。
行政院主計處。《國情統計通報》。第127號。民國96年7月6日。
行政院主計處。《婦女婚育與就業調查》。民國95年9月。
李美玲。1994。「二十世紀以來臺灣人口婚姻狀況的變遷」,〈人口學刊〉,16:1-15。
李紹嶸、 蔡文輝譯,拉曼納 (Lamanna , Mary Ann)雷德門 (Riedmann, Agnes Czerwinski)著,1984,婚姻與家庭,台北:巨流。
楊靜利、李大正、陳寬政。2006。「臺灣傳統婚配空間的變化與婚姻行為之變遷」,〈人口學刊〉,33:1-32。
蔡淑鈴。2004。「高等教育的擴展對教育機會分配的影響」,〈台灣社會學〉,7:47-88。
Diekmann, Andreas 1989. “Diffusion and Survival Model for the Process of Entry Into Marriage.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 14 (1)31-45
Becker, Gary S. 1981. A treatise on the family. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Becker, Gary S., Elisabeth M. Landes, and Robert T. Michael. 1977. "An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability." Journal of Political Economy 85:1141-87.
Bennett, Neil G., David E. Bloom, and Patricia H. Craig. 1989. "The Divergence of Black and White Marriage Patterns." American Journal of Sociology 95(3):692-722.
Bloom, David E. and Neil G. Bennett. 1990. "Modeling American Marriage Patterns." Journal of the American Statistical Association 85(412):1009-1017.
Blossfeld, Hans-Peter. 1995. “Changes in the Process of Family Formation and Women’s Growing Economic Independence: A Comparison of Nine Countries.” Pp. 3–32 in The New Role of Women:Family Formation in Modern Societies, edited by H-P. Blossfeld. Boulder: Westview Press.
Cheng, R. C. H. 2004. "Threshold Estimation in the Log-Gamma Model." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 119(2):241-262.
Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. "The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage." Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4):848-861.
Choi, Junesang and H. M. Srivastava. 2005. "A Family of Log-Gamma Integrals and Associated Results." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 303(2):436-449.
Chowdhury, A. K. M. Alauddin. 1983. "Application of a Marriage Model in Rural Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 15(3):281-287.
Coale, Ansley J. 1971. "Age Patterns of Marriage." Population Studies 25(2):193-214.
—. 1977. "The Development of New Models of Nuptiality and Fertility." Population (French Edition) 32e Année, La mesure des phénomènes démographiques: Hommage à Louis Henry:131-154.
Coale, Ansley J. and Donald R. McNeil. 1972. "The Distribution by Age of the Frequency of First Marriage in a Female Cohort." Journal of the American Statistical Association 67(340):743-749.
Coale, Ansley J. and James Trussell. 1996. "The Development and Use of Demographic Models." Population Studies 50(3):469-484.
Fields J. and L. M. Casper. 2001 America’s family and living arrangements: March 2000. Current Population Reports, Washington, D. C.: U. S. Census Bureau.
Giddens, A. 1992. The transformation of intimacy. Standford, CA: Standford University Press.
Goldstein, Joshua R. and Catherine T. Kenney. 2001. "Marriage Delayed or Marriage Forgone? New Cohort Forecasts of First Marriage for U.S. Women." American Sociological Review 66(4):506-519.
Hernes, Gudmund 1972 “The process of entry into first marriage” American Sociological Review 37:173-182
Kaneko, Ryuichi. 2003. "Elaboration of the Coale-McNeil Nuptiality Model as The Generalized Log Gamma Distribution: A New Identity and Empirical Enhancements." Demographic Research 9(10).
Kleinbaum, David G. and Mitchel Klein. 2003. Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text, Second Edition. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
Kalmijn, Matthijs. 1998. "Intermarriage and Homogamy: Causes, Patterns, Trends." Annual Review of Sociology 24:395-421.
Lawless, Jerald F. 2003. Statistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data, 2nd Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
Lee, Elisa T. and John Wenyu Wang. 2003. Statistical Methods for Survival Data Analysis, Third Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
Lin, Chien-Tai, Sam J. S. Wu, and N. Balakrishnan. 2004. "Interval Estimation of Parameters of Log-Gamma Distribution Based on Progressively Censored Data." Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods 33(11):2595-2626.
Marilyn Ihinger-Tallman. (1992). Marriage. In Edgar F. Borgatta & Rhonda J. V. Montgomery L. (EDs), Encyclopedia of Sociology (2ed), 3, 1733-1740.
Oppenheimer, Valerie Kincade. 1988. "A Theory of Marriage Timing." American Journal of Sociology 94(3):563-591.
Preston, Samuel H., Patrick Heuveline & Michel Guillot 2001. “Demography: measuring and modeling population processes.” pp. 191-192 U. K.: Blackwell
Raymo, J. M. 2003. Premarital living arrangements and the transition to first marriage in Japan. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 65(2), 302-315.
Richard A. Settersten, Jr. and Karl Ulrich Mayer. 1977. “The Measurement of Age, Age Structuring, and the Life Course.” Annual Review of Sociology. 23:233-261.
Rodriguez, Germán and James Trussell. 1980. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Parameters of Coale`s Model Nuptiality Schedule from Survey Data." WFS Technical Bulletin, No. 7, International Statistical Institute, Voorburg, Netherlands.
Slater, Philips. 1963. “On Social Regression.” American Sociological Review 28:339-364.
Settersten,R.A. & Mayer,K.U.(1997).The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 1997(23):233-261.
Thornton, A., & Young-Demarco, L. (2002). Four decades of trends in attitudes toward family issues in the uinited states:the 1960s through the 1990s. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(4), 1009-1037
Waite, Linda J. (2005) . ch.3:Marriage and Family. In Dudley L. Poston &. Michael Micklin (EDs), Handbook of Population 87-107.
聯合國統計資料http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/indwm/tab2b.htm
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
社會學研究所
94254018
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094254018
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳信木zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳雅琪zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Ya-Chien_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳雅琪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Ya-Chien_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 10:47:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 10:47:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 10:47:14 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094254018en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34632-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 社會學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94254018zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要)   「男大當婚,女大當嫁」的傳統婚姻規範漸漸凋零,從過去普遍成婚的形態轉變為遲婚、甚至不婚。1970年代以降,隨著教育機會的開放與普及,女性的教育程度持續地上升,衝擊「男主外,女主內」的性別角色分工形式,越來越多女性在職場上嶄露頭角,晚婚漸漸成為普遍的現象。
  
  面對1970年代以降,教育急速地擴張,婚姻的時程是否有了重大的改變?不同的教育歷程是否影響其結婚的可能性?為了瞭解這些提問,本研究扣緊年齡之社會規範壓力,欲探求女性不同教育程度之初婚時程,並探討各初婚年齡模式,研究選用Hernes提出之初婚年齡函數,運用人力資源調查之資料推估出各教育程度之分配形式,以描繪教育擴張對婚姻時程帶來的影響。

  研究結果發現,第一,女性單身的比例越來越高,尤以高教育程度增加幅度最大,初婚年齡也隨世代推移越來越高;第二, 1950-1970世代女性初婚平均年齡逐漸增長外,變異也更大;第三,女性高等教育遲婚影響到整體初婚年齡的上昇,即使其他教育別初婚年齡有下降的趨勢,仍難以阻擋平均初婚年齡上的趨勢;第四,女性國中以下教育程度早婚的趨勢越來越明顯;第五,各教育程度之模式分配形狀越趨類似,到了後期僅有時間遞延的差異;第六,女性人口完成結婚年齡有三個不同趨勢的發展,高教育組(專科及大學)有晚婚的現象,完成結婚年齡越來越高,而高中、職則呈現持平的現象,國中教育程度有早婚的現象。
zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 謝詞
摘要
第壹章 引言•••••••••••••••••••••••••••1
第一節 研究動機與背景••••••••••••••••••••1
第二節 研究主題•••••••••••••••••••••••3
第貳章 文獻與歷史回顧••••••••••••••••••••••4
第一節 台灣地區女性人口婚姻狀況分佈變遷•••••••••••4
第二節 結婚年齡相關理論文獻•••••••••••••••••7
第三節 台灣地區女性人口教育程度分佈變遷•••••••••••18
第參章 研究設計•••••••••••••••••••••••••24
第一節 初婚年齡分布模式•••••••••••••••••••24
第二節 研究架構•••••••••••••••••••••••29
第三節 研究資料•••••••••••••••••••••••30
第肆章 分析結果•••••••••••••••••••••••••34
第一節 教育程度別婚姻狀況變遷••••••••••••••••34
第二節 台灣地區女性初婚年齡變遷•••••••••••••••37
第三節 教育程度別初婚年齡分布模式••••••••••••••38
第四節 小結•••••••••••••••••••••••••48
第伍章 結論與建議••••••••••••••••••••••••49
第一節 結論•••••••••••••••••••••••••49
第二節 研究限制•••••••••••••••••••••••50
第三節 建議•••••••••••••••••••••••••50
參考文獻•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••51
表  次

表1:臺灣地區女性人口曾經結婚者比例按年齡組分••••••••••5

表2:各國婚姻指標••••••••••••••••••••••••9

表3:台灣地區歷年普查女性人口教育程度比例按年齡組分•••••••21

表4:第一段單位及第二段單位樣本輪換表••••••••••••••33

表5:1980、1990及2000年女性單身人口數暨總人口數按教育程度與年齡組分•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••35

表6:1980、1990年及2000年女性人口曾婚比例按教育程度與年齡組分•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••36

表7:臺灣地區女性1955-1975出生年輪年齡別初婚模式之參數估計值•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••38

表8:臺灣地區女性1955-1975出生年輪教育別初婚模式之參數估計值•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••41
















圖  次

圖 1:女性婚姻狀況趨勢圖••••••••••••••••••••••4

圖 2:臺灣地區歷年年中有偶婦女佔總婦女數比例••••••••••••6

圖 3:1950-2006年間臺灣地區中等以上學校在學人數變遷••••••••19

圖 4:台灣地區歷年普查女性人口教育程度比例圖•••••••••••22

圖 5:初婚模式累積機率分配之比較•••••••••••••••••28

圖 6:初婚年齡趨勢圖•••••••••••••••••••••••37

圖 7:1950-1975世代女性初婚年齡平均數估計趨勢圖•••••••••39

圖 8:1950-1975世代女性教育程度別平均初婚年齡••••••••••42

圖 9:臺灣地區女性1950-1975出生年輪之年齡別初婚率分佈按教育程度分••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••44

圖10:臺灣地區女性1950-1975出生年輪之年齡別累積初婚率分佈按教育程度分••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••45

圖11:女性人口完成結婚年齡趨勢圖•••••••••••••••••47
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094254018en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 女性初婚年齡模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 教育擴張zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 晚婚zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 台灣地區教育程度別女性初婚年齡分佈模式zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Age Schedule of First Marriages for Females in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 內政部。歷年。《臺閩地區人口統計》。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院主計處。《國情統計通報》。第127號。民國96年7月6日。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 行政院主計處。《婦女婚育與就業調查》。民國95年9月。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李美玲。1994。「二十世紀以來臺灣人口婚姻狀況的變遷」,〈人口學刊〉,16:1-15。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李紹嶸、 蔡文輝譯,拉曼納 (Lamanna , Mary Ann)雷德門 (Riedmann, Agnes Czerwinski)著,1984,婚姻與家庭,台北:巨流。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊靜利、李大正、陳寬政。2006。「臺灣傳統婚配空間的變化與婚姻行為之變遷」,〈人口學刊〉,33:1-32。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 蔡淑鈴。2004。「高等教育的擴展對教育機會分配的影響」,〈台灣社會學〉,7:47-88。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Diekmann, Andreas 1989. “Diffusion and Survival Model for the Process of Entry Into Marriage.” Journal of Mathematical Sociology 14 (1)31-45zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, Gary S. 1981. A treatise on the family. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, Gary S., Elisabeth M. Landes, and Robert T. Michael. 1977. "An Economic Analysis of Marital Instability." Journal of Political Economy 85:1141-87.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bennett, Neil G., David E. Bloom, and Patricia H. Craig. 1989. "The Divergence of Black and White Marriage Patterns." American Journal of Sociology 95(3):692-722.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bloom, David E. and Neil G. Bennett. 1990. "Modeling American Marriage Patterns." Journal of the American Statistical Association 85(412):1009-1017.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Blossfeld, Hans-Peter. 1995. “Changes in the Process of Family Formation and Women’s Growing Economic Independence: A Comparison of Nine Countries.” Pp. 3–32 in The New Role of Women:Family Formation in Modern Societies, edited by H-P. Blossfeld. Boulder: Westview Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cheng, R. C. H. 2004. "Threshold Estimation in the Log-Gamma Model." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 119(2):241-262.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cherlin, Andrew J. 2004. "The Deinstitutionalization of American Marriage." Journal of Marriage and Family 66(4):848-861.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Choi, Junesang and H. M. Srivastava. 2005. "A Family of Log-Gamma Integrals and Associated Results." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 303(2):436-449.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chowdhury, A. K. M. Alauddin. 1983. "Application of a Marriage Model in Rural Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 15(3):281-287.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coale, Ansley J. 1971. "Age Patterns of Marriage." Population Studies 25(2):193-214.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) —. 1977. "The Development of New Models of Nuptiality and Fertility." Population (French Edition) 32e Année, La mesure des phénomènes démographiques: Hommage à Louis Henry:131-154.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coale, Ansley J. and Donald R. McNeil. 1972. "The Distribution by Age of the Frequency of First Marriage in a Female Cohort." Journal of the American Statistical Association 67(340):743-749.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coale, Ansley J. and James Trussell. 1996. "The Development and Use of Demographic Models." Population Studies 50(3):469-484.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fields J. and L. M. Casper. 2001 America’s family and living arrangements: March 2000. Current Population Reports, Washington, D. C.: U. S. Census Bureau.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Giddens, A. 1992. The transformation of intimacy. Standford, CA: Standford University Press.zh_TW
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