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題名 我國公務人員報紙形象之分析:以聯合知識庫為例,1996-2004
The Newspaper Images of Bureaucrats in Taiwan: An Analysis of the United Daily News
作者 陳明育
Chen, Ming Yu
貢獻者 陳敦源
Chen, Don Yun
陳明育
Chen, Ming Yu
關鍵詞 公務人員
內容分析
框架分析
報紙
政黨輪替
bureaucrats
content analysis
frame analysis
newspaper
party turn-over
日期 2007
上傳時間 18-Sep-2009 15:38:51 (UTC+8)
摘要 我國2000年總統大選結果為台灣帶來首次的政黨輪替,使我國在民主化的路程上更進一步地朝向民主鞏固(Democracy Consolidation)的階段,在這樣的時代中,公務人員必須更加重視民意,並在人民心中建立值得信賴的形象。而在人民的「腦海圖像」大多是由傳播媒體傳遞的訊息所建構而成的,故公共管理者須了解人民從傳播媒體獲得什麼樣的訊息,以及公務人員在傳播媒體上的形象究竟為何,才能對症下藥地進行公務人員的形象改造。
因此,本研究以聯合報系的電子資料庫「聯合知識庫」為分析資料的來源,資料範圍則為我國第一次總統大選前後各一任總統任期,即1996年5月20日到2004年5月19日的公務人員新聞,採用傳播學界的研究方法─內容分析與框架分析,分析上述時間範圍內的聯合報的新聞內容,以了解公務人員在報紙上所呈現的形象究竟為何,以及比較2000年政黨輪替前後公務人員的報導形象,是隨著執政黨的更替而有所不同。
結果發現,報紙給予公務人員的框架有三:「大人」、「公僕」及「員工」,其中以「公僕」為在新聞之中最常見的公務人員形象框架;再者,報紙多以中立立場、極短篇幅,以及純新聞的報導方式來報導公務人員。最後,如果比較政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞之後,發現兩時期的公務人員皆被報紙視為「公僕」,而且多被給予負面的報導;但亦有所不同之處:政黨輪替之後,公務人員新聞的報導篇幅變小,對公務人員的評價負面新聞比例不變,但正面新聞比例有上升的趨勢。
In democratic polity, the important aspect of governance is public opinion. After the year of the first party turn-over, bureaucrats need to build reliable images in people’s head and try to earn their support for the policies. But, what is the images of bureaucrats in people’s head is an interesting but unsolved question for the field of public administration. To answer the question, the researcher tries to analyze the stories about bureaucrats in the media---the strong fourth branch of a democratic government.
By using content analysis and frame analysis, this research uses the data collected from the news in the United Daily News to answer the above questions. Between the years of 1996 to 2004, 998 sample news are selected from the database of UDNDATA.
The findings are as follows: First of all, as a whole, there are three types of newsframes of bureaucrats utilized: “authoritarians”, “public servants”, and “employees”, and the newsframe of public servant appears to be the most popular one. Secondly, bureaucrats’ news is covered in less than 500 words and in the tone of neutrality and negativity. Thirdly, there is no difference in newsframe between the news before and after the first party turn-over. However, the news space is getting
shorter and the amounts of positive coverage are increased after the year of 2000.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
93256020
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093256020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 陳敦源zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Don Yunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳明育zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Ming Yuen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳明育zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Ming Yuen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 18-Sep-2009 15:38:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 18-Sep-2009 15:38:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 18-Sep-2009 15:38:51 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093256020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/35669-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 公共行政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93256020zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 我國2000年總統大選結果為台灣帶來首次的政黨輪替,使我國在民主化的路程上更進一步地朝向民主鞏固(Democracy Consolidation)的階段,在這樣的時代中,公務人員必須更加重視民意,並在人民心中建立值得信賴的形象。而在人民的「腦海圖像」大多是由傳播媒體傳遞的訊息所建構而成的,故公共管理者須了解人民從傳播媒體獲得什麼樣的訊息,以及公務人員在傳播媒體上的形象究竟為何,才能對症下藥地進行公務人員的形象改造。
因此,本研究以聯合報系的電子資料庫「聯合知識庫」為分析資料的來源,資料範圍則為我國第一次總統大選前後各一任總統任期,即1996年5月20日到2004年5月19日的公務人員新聞,採用傳播學界的研究方法─內容分析與框架分析,分析上述時間範圍內的聯合報的新聞內容,以了解公務人員在報紙上所呈現的形象究竟為何,以及比較2000年政黨輪替前後公務人員的報導形象,是隨著執政黨的更替而有所不同。
結果發現,報紙給予公務人員的框架有三:「大人」、「公僕」及「員工」,其中以「公僕」為在新聞之中最常見的公務人員形象框架;再者,報紙多以中立立場、極短篇幅,以及純新聞的報導方式來報導公務人員。最後,如果比較政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞之後,發現兩時期的公務人員皆被報紙視為「公僕」,而且多被給予負面的報導;但亦有所不同之處:政黨輪替之後,公務人員新聞的報導篇幅變小,對公務人員的評價負面新聞比例不變,但正面新聞比例有上升的趨勢。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) In democratic polity, the important aspect of governance is public opinion. After the year of the first party turn-over, bureaucrats need to build reliable images in people’s head and try to earn their support for the policies. But, what is the images of bureaucrats in people’s head is an interesting but unsolved question for the field of public administration. To answer the question, the researcher tries to analyze the stories about bureaucrats in the media---the strong fourth branch of a democratic government.
By using content analysis and frame analysis, this research uses the data collected from the news in the United Daily News to answer the above questions. Between the years of 1996 to 2004, 998 sample news are selected from the database of UDNDATA.
The findings are as follows: First of all, as a whole, there are three types of newsframes of bureaucrats utilized: “authoritarians”, “public servants”, and “employees”, and the newsframe of public servant appears to be the most popular one. Secondly, bureaucrats’ news is covered in less than 500 words and in the tone of neutrality and negativity. Thirdly, there is no difference in newsframe between the news before and after the first party turn-over. However, the news space is getting
shorter and the amounts of positive coverage are increased after the year of 2000.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景和動機 1
第二節 研究問題與研究目的 2
第三節 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 前言 7
第二節 公務人員形象 11
第三節 媒介效果理論:議題設定理論和框架理論 22
第四節 政府公共關係 31
第五節 小結 36
第三章 研究設計 38
第一節 研究方法 39
第二節 資料收集 41
第三節 抽樣程序 47
第四節 建構類目與框架清單 58
第四章 研究結果 65
第一節 報紙呈現公務人員新聞的方式 67
第二節 報紙報導公務人員新聞的內容 74
第三節 報紙給予公務人員新聞的框架 101
第四節 報紙對公務人員新聞的報導立場 109
第五章 結論 119
第一節 研究發現 119
第二節 研究限制與研究建議 124
參考文獻 130
附錄3-1:1996-2004年聯合報公務人員新聞的版次與版類對照表 139
附錄3-2:編碼說明 148
附錄3-3:編碼表 154
附錄3-4:公務人員新聞的新聞框架編碼說明與新聞範例 157

圖  次
圖1-1:研究流程 6
圖2-1:人民腦海中公務人員圖像的形成 11
圖2-2:研究架構 37
圖3-1:研究步驟 38
圖3-2:公僕、文官、官僚、公務員、事務官及公務人員為關鍵字的新聞報導
之聯集 44
圖3-3:政大圖書館電子資料庫首頁 45
圖3-4:進入聯合知識庫搜尋公務人員新聞的畫面 45
圖3-5:1996-2004年聯合知識庫公務人員新聞報導量直方圖 46
圖3-6:抽樣程序 54
圖4-1:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的抽樣樣本數及其佔全部樣本的比例 65
圖4-2:1996-2004年各年樣本的新聞篇幅比例折線圖 68
圖4-3:1996-2004年各年樣本的新聞類型比例折線圖 73
圖4-4:1996-2004年各年樣本的消息來源比例折線圖 77
圖4-5:1996-2004年各年樣本的新聞主題比例折線圖 80
圖4-6:1996-2004年新聞主題「風紀行為」各項次主題的新聞比例折線圖 84
圖4-7:1996-2004年新聞主題「為民服務」各項次主題的新聞比例折線圖 86
圖4-8:1996-2004年新聞主題「工作能力」各項次主題的新聞比例折線圖 90
圖4-9:1996-2004年新聞主題「人事管理」各項次主題的新聞比例折線圖 94
圖4-10:1996-2004年新聞主題「政治行為」各項次主題的新聞比例折線圖 97
圖4-11:1996-2004年各年新聞框架的新聞比例折線圖 102
圖4-12:1996-2004年各年報導立場的新聞比例折線圖 111

表  次
表2-1:官僚體制與社會的對照 15
表3-1:近年來閱報率前四名的民營報紙 43
表3-2:1996-2004年聯合知識庫公務人員新聞的數量和比例 46
表3-3:1997-1998年聯合知識庫公務人員新聞的抽樣比例 52
表3-4:2002-2003年聯合知識庫公務人員新聞的抽樣比例 52
表3-5:1996年至2004年聯合知識庫的公務人員新聞樣本數 53
表3-6:立意抽樣的新聞範例 56
表3-7:經抽樣程序後各年於各版面類型的正式樣本數 58
表4-1:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的抽樣樣本數及其佔全部樣本的比例 65
表4-2:1996-2004年公務人員新聞樣本的新聞篇幅次數分配表 67
表4-3:政黨輪替前後公務人員新聞篇幅的卡方檢定 69
表4-4:新聞類型「公告」的新聞範例 70
表4-5:新聞類型「熱線與信箱」的新聞範例 71
表4-6:1996-2004年公務人員新聞樣本的新聞類型次數分配表 72
表4-7:政黨輪替前後公務人員新聞的新聞類型卡方檢定 74
表4-8:1996-2004年公務人員新聞樣本的消息來源次數分配表 76
表4-9:未引述消息來源且屬公告類型的公務人員新聞範例 78
表4-10:政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞與消息來源之交叉分析表 78
表4-11:1996-2004年公務人員新聞樣本的新聞主題次數分配表 80
表4-12:政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞與新聞主題之交叉分析表 81
表4-13:1996-2004年新聞主題「風紀行為」各項次主題之次數分配表 82
表4-14:新聞主題「風紀行為」常見的次主題之新聞舉例 82
表4-15:政黨輪替前後的新聞主題「風紀行為」各項次主題之出現次數和新聞
比例 85
表4-16:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的次主題「為民服務」次數分配表 86
表4-17:新聞主題「為民服務」常見的次主題之新聞舉例 87
表4-18:政黨輪替前後的新聞主題「為民服務」各項次主題之出現次數和新聞
比例 88
表4-19:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的次主題「工作能力」次數分配表 90
表4-20:新聞主題「工作能力」常見的次主題之新聞舉例 91
表4-21:政黨輪替前後的新聞主題「工作能力」各項次主題之出現次數和新聞
比例 92
表4-22:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的次主題「人事管理」次數分配表 93
表4-23:新聞主題「人事管理」常見的次主題之新聞舉例 94
表4-24:政黨輪替前後的新聞主題「人事管理」各項次主題之出現次數和新聞
比例 96
表4-25:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的次主題「政治行為」次數分配表 97
表4-26:新聞主題「政治行為」常見的次主題之新聞舉例 98
表4-27:政黨輪替前後的新聞主題「政治行為」各項次主題之出現次數和新聞
比例 99
表4-28:各新聞主題的前三名次主題出現次數於總樣本中所佔的比例 100
表4-29:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的新聞框架次數分配表 101
表4-30:政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞與新聞框架之交叉分析表 102
表4-31:公務人員新聞新聞框架與新聞篇幅的交叉分析 104
表4-32:公務人員新聞新聞框架與新聞類型的交叉分析 104
表4-33:公務人員新聞新聞框架與消息來源的交叉分析 105
表4-34:公務人員新聞新聞框架與新聞主題的交叉分析 106
表4-35:以「工作能力」為新聞主題的「大人框架」公務人員新聞範例 107
表4-36:以「工作能力」為新聞主題的「公僕框架」公務人員新聞範例 107
表4-37:公務人員新聞新聞框架與報導立場的交叉分析 108
表4-39:1996-2004年公務人員新聞的報導立場次數分配表 110
表4-40:政黨輪替前後公務人員新聞的報導立場卡方檢定 112
表4-41:公務人員新聞報導立場與新聞篇幅的交叉分析 113
表4-42:公務人員新聞報導立場與新聞類型的交叉分析 114
表4-43:負面報導立場的「特稿、專欄、新聞分析」等評論性新聞類型 114
表4-44:正面報導立場的「公告」新聞類型 115
表4-45:公務人員新聞報導立場與消息來源的交叉分析 116
表4-46:公務人員新聞報導立場與新聞主題的交叉分析 117
表4-47:以「風紀行為」為新聞主題和負面報導立場的公務人員新聞範例 117
表4-48:以「工作能力」為新聞主題和正面報導立場的公務人員新聞範例 118
表5-1:政黨輪替前後的公務人員新聞之各類目比較 120
表5-2:不同新聞框架的公務人員新聞之各類目比較 122
表5-3:不同報導立場的公務人員新聞之各類目比較 123
zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093256020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公務人員zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內容分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 框架分析zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 報紙zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政黨輪替zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) bureaucratsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) content analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) frame analysisen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) newspaperen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) party turn-overen_US
dc.title (題名) 我國公務人員報紙形象之分析:以聯合知識庫為例,1996-2004zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Newspaper Images of Bureaucrats in Taiwan: An Analysis of the United Daily Newsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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