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題名 以參數化程序產生具情緒表達能力之3D肢體動畫
Designing Parameterized Procedures for Real-Time 3D Figure Animation with Affective Expression
作者 林岳黌
Lin, Yueh Hung
貢獻者 李蔡彥
Li, Tsai Yen
林岳黌
Lin, Yueh Hung
關鍵詞 程序式動畫
人類肢體動畫
風格動畫
情緒動畫
情緒表達力
procedure animation
humanoid bodily animation
style animation
emotional animation
affective expressness
日期 2008
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 12:09:34 (UTC+8)
摘要 人或擬人生物佔眾多動畫主題的大部份，而要使人物動畫看起來栩栩如生，除了適當的臉部表情外，能夠傳達人物情感的肢體動作更是不可或缺。本研究的目標在於以電腦程序產生帶有情緒成份之人物肢體動畫。此目標包含兩個子目標：第一、設計以人類肢體動作為目標的參數化程序，以提高程序之重用性及泛用性，降低製作程序式動畫的成本，並製作出以關鍵格為基礎之人物動畫；第二、將我們製作的動畫加入風格，並以心理學實驗驗證人物的動作和情緒的關聯。我們的實驗先將風格套用於走路動作上，來證明我們操弄風格的方法符合大眾的認知。再者，我們針對走路動作嘗試以實驗找出風格和情緒的對映，再將此對映關係套用到具特定情緒意涵的動作上，以證明這些對映有助於情緒的表達。
Human or human-like creatures are the main subjects of computer animations. In addition to facial expression, body gestures and motions are also indispensi-ble components for realistic character animation. The goal of this research is to create emotional character animation with computer procedures. This goal may contain two subgoals: first, we aim to design parameterizable animation proce-dures for human body motions in order to reduce the cost of producing key-frame based character animations with improved generality and reusability; second, we incorporate style into procedural animation and validate the relation model between emotion and motion with psychology experiments. We first ap-plied different styles into the walking motion and conducted experiments to see if the participants can agree with the way that we manipulate the style parame-ters. Furthermore, for the walking motion, we conduct experiments to find the mapping from the emotion parameters to the style parameters. Then we applied this mapping to emotion-specific motions to see if the animations perceived by the users can be further enhanced.
參考文獻 [1] K. Amaya, “Emotion from Motion,” in Proc. of the Conference on Graphics Interface, 1996.
[2] I. Bartenieff and D. Lewis, Body Movement: Coping with the Environment, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1980.
[3] M. Brand and A. Hertzmann. “Style Machines,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘00, 2000.
[4] A. Bruderlin and T. W. Calvert, “Goal-directed, Dynamic Animation of Human Walk-ing,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH 1989, 1989.
[5] A. Bruderlin and T. Calvert, “Knowledge-Driven, Interactive Animation of Human Run-ning,” in Proc. of the Conference on Graphics Interface, 1996.
[6] A. Camurri, I. Lagerlof, and G. Volpe, “Recognizing Emotion from Dance Movement: Comparison of Spectator Recognition and Automated Techniques,” International Jour-nal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(1): 213-225, 2003.
[7] A. Camurri, B. Mazzarino, M. Ricchetti, R. Timmers, and G. Volpe, “Multimodal Analy-sis of Expressive Gesture in Music and Dance Performances,” in Proc. of the 5th Inter-national Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages Based Human-Computer Interaction, 2003.
[8] A. Camurri, M. Ricchetti, and R. Trocca, “EyesWeb - Toward Gesture and Affect Rec-ognition in Dance/Musicinteractive Systems,” in IEEE International Conf. on Multime-dia Computing and Systems, 1999.
[9] P. F. Chen and T.Y. Li, “Generating Humanoid Lower-Body Motions with Real-time Planning,” in Proc. of Computer Graphics Workshop, 2002.
[10] D. Chi, M. Costa, L. Zhao, and N. Badler, “The EMOTE Model for Effort and Shape,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘00, 2000.
[11] E. Crane and M. Gross, “Motion Capture and Emotion: Affect Detection in Whole Body Movement,” in International Conf. on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 2007.
[12] C. Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London: John Murray, 1872.
[13] C. Dell, A Primer for Movement Description: Using Effort-Shape and Supplementary Concepts, Dance Notation Bureau, Inc., New York, 1970.
[14] A. Egges and N. Magnenat-Thalmann, “Emotional Communicative Body Animation for Multiple Characters,” in First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation, 2005.
[15] A. Egges, S. Kshirsagar, and N. Magnenat-Thalmann, “Generic Personality and Emo-tion Simulation for Conversational Agents,” Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 15(1): 1-13, 2004.
[16] P. Ekman, “An Argument for Basic Emotions,” Cognition and Emotion, pp. 169-200, 1992.
[17] G. V. Glass and K. D. Hopkins, Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology (3rd edition), Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 1995
[18] K. Grochow, S. L. Martin, A. Hertzmann, and Z. Popović, “Style-Based Inverse Kine-matics,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ’04, 2004.
[19] B. Hartmann1, M. Mancini, and C. Pelachaud, “Implementing Expressive Gesture Syn-thesis for Embodied Conversational Agents,” in Gesture Workshop, 2005.
[20] T.Y. Li, P. F. Chen, and P, Z, Huang, “Motion Planning for Humanoid Walking in a Lay-ered Environment,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Robotics and Automation, 2003.
[21] T.Y. Li, M.Y. Liao, and J.F. Liao, “An Extensible Scripting Language for Interactive Animation in a Speech-Enabled Virtual Environment,” in Proc. of the IEEE Interna-tional Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2004.
[22] V. Maletic, Body, Space, Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and Dance Concepts, Mouton de Gruyte, New York, 1987.
[23] W. McCay, Gertie the Dinosaur, 1914.
[24] H. K. M. Meeren, C. C. R. J. van Heijnsbergen, and B. de Gelder, “Rapid Perceptual In-tegration of Facial Expression and Emotional Body Language,” in Proc. of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005.
[25] J. Montepare, E. Koff, D. Zaitchik, and M. Albert, “The Use of Body Movements and Gestures as Cues to Emotions in Younger and Older Adults,” Journal of Nonverbal Be-havior, 23(2): 133-152, 1999.
[26] C. L. Moore and K. Yamamoto, Beyond Words: Movement Observation and Analysis, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1988.
[27] V. Nayak and M. Turk, "Emotional Expression in Virtual Agents through Body Lan-guage," in International Symposium on Visual Computing, 2005.
[28] M. Neff and E. Fiume, “Methods for Exploring Expressive Stance,” in ACM SIG-GRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 2004.
[29] R. Parent, Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann.
[30] K. Perlin, “Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1995
[31] H. Schlosberg, “A Scale for Judgment of Facial Expressions,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29: 497-510, 1941.
[32] F. Thomas and O. Johnson, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, Abbeville Press, 1984.
[33] M. Unuma, K. Anjyo, and R. Takeuchi, “Fourier Principles for Emotion-based Human Figure Animation,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘95, 1995.
[34] R. Urtasun, P. Glardon, R. Boulic, D. Thalmann, and P. Fua. “Style-based Motion Syn-thesis,” Computer Graphics Forum, 23(4): 1-14, 2004.
[35] H. G. Wallbott, “Bodily Expression of Emotion,” in European Journal of Social Psy-chology, 28(6): 879-896, 1998.
[36] K. Yin, K. Loken, and M. van de Panne, “SIMBICON: Simple Biped Locomotion Con-trol,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘07, 2007.
[37] L. Zhao and N. I. Badler, “Acquiring and Validating Motion Qualities from Live Limb Gestures,” Graphical Models, 67(1): 1-16, 2005.
[38] EyesWeb Project, The, <http://www.infomus.dist.unige.it/eywindex.html>
[39] H-Anim, <http://www.h-anim.org/>
[40] IKAN(Inverse Kinematics using Analytical Methods), < http://cg.cis.upenn.edu/hms/software/ikan/ikan.html>
[41] VRML, <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/VRML/>
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
93753039
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093753039
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李蔡彥zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Li, Tsai Yenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林岳黌zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Yueh Hungen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林岳黌zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Yueh Hungen_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 12:09:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 12:09:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 12:09:34 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0093753039en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37102-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 93753039zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 人或擬人生物佔眾多動畫主題的大部份，而要使人物動畫看起來栩栩如生，除了適當的臉部表情外，能夠傳達人物情感的肢體動作更是不可或缺。本研究的目標在於以電腦程序產生帶有情緒成份之人物肢體動畫。此目標包含兩個子目標：第一、設計以人類肢體動作為目標的參數化程序，以提高程序之重用性及泛用性，降低製作程序式動畫的成本，並製作出以關鍵格為基礎之人物動畫；第二、將我們製作的動畫加入風格，並以心理學實驗驗證人物的動作和情緒的關聯。我們的實驗先將風格套用於走路動作上，來證明我們操弄風格的方法符合大眾的認知。再者，我們針對走路動作嘗試以實驗找出風格和情緒的對映，再將此對映關係套用到具特定情緒意涵的動作上，以證明這些對映有助於情緒的表達。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Human or human-like creatures are the main subjects of computer animations. In addition to facial expression, body gestures and motions are also indispensi-ble components for realistic character animation. The goal of this research is to create emotional character animation with computer procedures. This goal may contain two subgoals: first, we aim to design parameterizable animation proce-dures for human body motions in order to reduce the cost of producing key-frame based character animations with improved generality and reusability; second, we incorporate style into procedural animation and validate the relation model between emotion and motion with psychology experiments. We first ap-plied different styles into the walking motion and conducted experiments to see if the participants can agree with the way that we manipulate the style parame-ters. Furthermore, for the walking motion, we conduct experiments to find the mapping from the emotion parameters to the style parameters. Then we applied this mapping to emotion-specific motions to see if the animations perceived by the users can be further enhanced.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 導論.........................................................1
1.1 研究背景動機............................................1
1.2 研究目標................................................3
1.3 論文貢獻................................................4
1.4 本論文之章節架構.........................................5
第二章 相關研究.............................................6
2.1 動作擷取與風格..........................................6
2.2 程序式動畫與風格.........................................7
第三章 參數化程序與內插方法..................................10
3.1 人體模型...............................................11
3.2 關鍵格之基礎程序設計....................................12
3.3 關鍵格之間的內插方法....................................17
3.4 描述動畫程序的XML 文件設計與動畫製作......................19
第四章 參數對映............................................24
4.1 程序參數和動作參數的對映................................25
4.2 將程序參數及動作參數對映至風格參數........................28
第五章 走路風格實驗.........................................34
5.1 走路風格實驗﹙一﹚ .....................................34
5.1.1 實驗設計與方法.......................................34
5.1.2 實驗程序............................................36
5.1.3 實驗結果與分析.......................................37
5.2 走路風格實驗﹙二﹚ .....................................38
5.2.1 實驗設計與方法.......................................38
5.2.2 實驗程序............................................39
5.2.3 實驗結果與分析.......................................40
第六章 情緒動作實驗.........................................42
6.1 情緒動作實驗﹙一﹚ .....................................42
6.1.1 實驗設計與方法.......................................42
6.1.2 實驗程序.............................................43
6.1.3 實驗結果與分析.......................................44
6.2 情緒動作實驗﹙二﹚......................................44
6.2.1 實驗設計與方法.......................................44
6.2.2 實驗程序.............................................47
6.2.3 實驗結果與分析.......................................49
第七章 結論與未來發展.......................................50
7.1 結論..................................................50
7.2 未來發展參.............................................50
考文獻....................................................52
附錄A：簡單反向機構學.......................................56
附錄B：動畫程序描述之XML Schema ............................57
附錄C：各程序之參數.........................................60
附錄D：動畫的XML 文件範例...................................62
附錄E：貝茲曲線............................................71
附錄F：走路風格實驗﹙一﹚指導語..............................73
附錄G：走路風格實驗﹙一﹚指導語..............................74
附錄H：情緒動作實驗﹙一﹚指導語..............................74
附錄I：情緒動作實驗﹙二﹚指導語..............................75		zh_TW
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0093753039en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 程序式動畫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人類肢體動畫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 風格動畫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒動畫zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情緒表達力zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) procedure animationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) humanoid bodily animationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) style animationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) emotional animationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) affective expressnessen_US
dc.title (題名) 以參數化程序產生具情緒表達能力之3D肢體動畫zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Designing Parameterized Procedures for Real-Time 3D Figure Animation with Affective Expressionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] K. Amaya, “Emotion from Motion,” in Proc. of the Conference on Graphics Interface, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [2] I. Bartenieff and D. Lewis, Body Movement: Coping with the Environment, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1980.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [3] M. Brand and A. Hertzmann. “Style Machines,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘00, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [4] A. Bruderlin and T. W. Calvert, “Goal-directed, Dynamic Animation of Human Walk-ing,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH 1989, 1989.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [5] A. Bruderlin and T. Calvert, “Knowledge-Driven, Interactive Animation of Human Run-ning,” in Proc. of the Conference on Graphics Interface, 1996.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [6] A. Camurri, I. Lagerlof, and G. Volpe, “Recognizing Emotion from Dance Movement: Comparison of Spectator Recognition and Automated Techniques,” International Jour-nal of Human-Computer Studies, 59(1): 213-225, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [7] A. Camurri, B. Mazzarino, M. Ricchetti, R. Timmers, and G. Volpe, “Multimodal Analy-sis of Expressive Gesture in Music and Dance Performances,” in Proc. of the 5th Inter-national Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages Based Human-Computer Interaction, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [8] A. Camurri, M. Ricchetti, and R. Trocca, “EyesWeb - Toward Gesture and Affect Rec-ognition in Dance/Musicinteractive Systems,” in IEEE International Conf. on Multime-dia Computing and Systems, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [9] P. F. Chen and T.Y. Li, “Generating Humanoid Lower-Body Motions with Real-time Planning,” in Proc. of Computer Graphics Workshop, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [10] D. Chi, M. Costa, L. Zhao, and N. Badler, “The EMOTE Model for Effort and Shape,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘00, 2000.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [11] E. Crane and M. Gross, “Motion Capture and Emotion: Affect Detection in Whole Body Movement,” in International Conf. on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [12] C. Darwin, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, London: John Murray, 1872.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [13] C. Dell, A Primer for Movement Description: Using Effort-Shape and Supplementary Concepts, Dance Notation Bureau, Inc., New York, 1970.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [14] A. Egges and N. Magnenat-Thalmann, “Emotional Communicative Body Animation for Multiple Characters,” in First International Workshop on Crowd Simulation, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [15] A. Egges, S. Kshirsagar, and N. Magnenat-Thalmann, “Generic Personality and Emo-tion Simulation for Conversational Agents,” Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 15(1): 1-13, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [16] P. Ekman, “An Argument for Basic Emotions,” Cognition and Emotion, pp. 169-200, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [17] G. V. Glass and K. D. Hopkins, Statistical Methods in Education and Psychology (3rd edition), Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 1995zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [18] K. Grochow, S. L. Martin, A. Hertzmann, and Z. Popović, “Style-Based Inverse Kine-matics,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ’04, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [19] B. Hartmann1, M. Mancini, and C. Pelachaud, “Implementing Expressive Gesture Syn-thesis for Embodied Conversational Agents,” in Gesture Workshop, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [20] T.Y. Li, P. F. Chen, and P, Z, Huang, “Motion Planning for Humanoid Walking in a Lay-ered Environment,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conf. on Robotics and Automation, 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [21] T.Y. Li, M.Y. Liao, and J.F. Liao, “An Extensible Scripting Language for Interactive Animation in a Speech-Enabled Virtual Environment,” in Proc. of the IEEE Interna-tional Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [22] V. Maletic, Body, Space, Expression: The Development of Rudolf Laban’s Movement and Dance Concepts, Mouton de Gruyte, New York, 1987.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [23] W. McCay, Gertie the Dinosaur, 1914.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [24] H. K. M. Meeren, C. C. R. J. van Heijnsbergen, and B. de Gelder, “Rapid Perceptual In-tegration of Facial Expression and Emotional Body Language,” in Proc. of the National Academy of Sciences, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [25] J. Montepare, E. Koff, D. Zaitchik, and M. Albert, “The Use of Body Movements and Gestures as Cues to Emotions in Younger and Older Adults,” Journal of Nonverbal Be-havior, 23(2): 133-152, 1999.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [26] C. L. Moore and K. Yamamoto, Beyond Words: Movement Observation and Analysis, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1988.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [27] V. Nayak and M. Turk, "Emotional Expression in Virtual Agents through Body Lan-guage," in International Symposium on Visual Computing, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [28] M. Neff and E. Fiume, “Methods for Exploring Expressive Stance,” in ACM SIG-GRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [29] R. Parent, Computer Animation: Algorithms and Techniques, Morgan Kaufmann.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [30] K. Perlin, “Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 1995zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [31] H. Schlosberg, “A Scale for Judgment of Facial Expressions,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29: 497-510, 1941.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [32] F. Thomas and O. Johnson, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, Abbeville Press, 1984.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [33] M. Unuma, K. Anjyo, and R. Takeuchi, “Fourier Principles for Emotion-based Human Figure Animation,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘95, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [34] R. Urtasun, P. Glardon, R. Boulic, D. Thalmann, and P. Fua. “Style-based Motion Syn-thesis,” Computer Graphics Forum, 23(4): 1-14, 2004.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [35] H. G. Wallbott, “Bodily Expression of Emotion,” in European Journal of Social Psy-chology, 28(6): 879-896, 1998.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [36] K. Yin, K. Loken, and M. van de Panne, “SIMBICON: Simple Biped Locomotion Con-trol,” in Proc. of SIGGRAPH ‘07, 2007.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [37] L. Zhao and N. I. Badler, “Acquiring and Validating Motion Qualities from Live Limb Gestures,” Graphical Models, 67(1): 1-16, 2005.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [38] EyesWeb Project, The, <http://www.infomus.dist.unige.it/eywindex.html>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [39] H-Anim, <http://www.h-anim.org/>zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [40] IKAN(Inverse Kinematics using Analytical Methods), < http://cg.cis.upenn.edu/hms/software/ikan/ikan.html>zh_TW
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