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題名 漢語多義情態動詞
Polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese
作者 巫春慧
Wu, Chun Hui
貢獻者 何萬順
Her, One Soon
巫春慧
Wu, Chun Hui
關鍵詞 情態動詞
多義
主觀化
隱喻
modal verbs
polysemy
subjectification
metaphorization
日期 2008
上傳時間 19-Sep-2009 13:04:25 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文試圖經由檢視過去對於漢語情態動詞的研究，找出最適合稱為「情態動詞」的十二個情態動詞，並以此為基礎建立適合漢語情態動詞的語意分類方式：主要分三大類—動力情態、義務情態、認知情態。同時也從共時與歷時的角度檢視漢語裡的五個多義情態動詞，包括會、能、要、可以、應該。研究發現這五個多義情態動詞所顯現的多義都是極度相關的。首先，五個多義情態動詞都有以上三大類的情態意義，其中又以動力情態為中心意義。此外，本研究確立多義情態動詞的發展方向與階段，由動力情態延伸出來的義務情態是透過主觀化的認知機制(Traugott 1980)，之後，由義務情態發展出來的認知情態則是由於主觀化與隱喻(Sweetser 1990)的運作。最後，本文也探討了情態與句法的互動關係。
The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship among polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese (hui4, neng2, yao4, ke3yi3, ying1gai1). It is found that the multiple modal senses encoded in the five polysemous modal verbs are closely-related. Through a careful examination on both synchronic and diachronic data of the five polysemous modal verbs, it is suggested that each of them exhibit three major modality types, including dynamic (ability, volition), deontic (directive, commissive), and epistemic (judgmental) modalities. At Stage I of the path of development, dynamic modality, as the core meaning of polysemous modal verbs, is extended to deontic modality through the cognitively-driven mechanism—subjectification, which is proposed by Traugott (1989). Then, epistemic modality is developed from deontic modality at Stage II through both subjectification and metaphorization (Sweetser 1990). After determining the direction and stages of the development path of the five polysemous modal verbs, a feature-based classification for modality types of Chinese modal verbs is provided in order to incorporate the differences and similarities among the three modality types (dynamic, deontic, and epistemic modalities). Finally, the interaction between modalities and other syntactic elements (predicates and arguments) is discussed with examples.
參考文獻 Bybee, J, Perkins, R. and Pagliuca, W. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bybee, J. and Fleischman, S. 1995. Modality in Grammar and Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chang Dau-Xun. 2008. Huayu Qingtai Dongci “Yao/Hui” de Yufa Chengfen Yu Yuyi Zhi Hudong (The Interaction between Syntax and Semantics of Modal Verbs “Yao/Hui” in Mandarin Chinese). Term paper. National Chengchi University.
Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Cook, Walter A. 1978. Semantic Structure of the English Modals. TESOL Quarterly 12(1): 5-15.
Eckman, F. R., Moravcsik, E. A. and Wirth, J. R. 1983. Markedness. New York: Plenum Press.
Guo, Jiansheng. 1995. The Interactional Basis of the Mandarin Modal neng ‘Can.’ Modality in Grammar and Discourse, ed by Bybee, J. and Fleischman, S. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Her, One-Soon. 1990. Grammatical Functions and Verb Subcategorization in Mandarin Chinese. Taipei: The Crane Publishing.
Hofmann, T. R. 1993. Realms of Meaning. New York: Longman Publishing.
Hoye, Leo. 1997. Adverbs and Modality in English. New York: Longman.
Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2002. Hanyu de Qingtai Dongci. Doctoral Dissertation. National Tsing Hua Univesity.
Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2005. Modal Verbs and Modal Adverbs in Chinese: An Investigation into the Semantic Source [electronic version]. UST Working Papers in Linguistics, 1, 31-58. http://ling.nthu.edu.tw/ustwpl/vol/vol1.htm
Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2006. Hanyu Qingtaici de Yuyi Jieding: Yuliauku wei Ben de Yianjiu (The Semantic Definition of Chinese Modals: A Study Based on Corpus). Zhongguo Yuwen Yianjiu 21: 45-63.
Hsin, Ai-Li. 2000. Huayu Qingtai Dongci de Yuyi Yu Jufa Chengfen Zhi Hudong (The Interaction between Syntax and Semantics of Modal Verbs in Mandarin Chinese). Diliujie Shijie Huayuwu Jiaoxue Yantaohui (6th Conference of World Chinese Language Teaching). 258-279. Taipei: Shijie Huawen.
Huang, Yu-Chun. 1999. A Semantic Study of Modal Verbs in Chinese. M.A. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.
Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Li, Ren-Zhi. 2003. Modality in English and Chinese: A Typological Perspective. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Antwerp.
Lin, Jo-Wang, and Chih-Chen Jane Tang. 1995. Modals as Verbs in Chinese: A GB Perspective. Collection of Sinica Academia 66:53-105.
Liu, Yue-Hua, Wen-Yu Pan, and Wei Gu. 1996. Shiyong Xiandai Hanyu Yufa (Practical Modern Chinese Grammar). Taipei: Normal University Publishing.
Liu, Zhuo. 2006. A Case Study on the Modal Verb: Yao. M.A. Thesis. Yanbian Univeristy.
Lu, Shu-Xiang. 1980. Xiandai Hanyu Babai Ci (Eight Hundred Words in Modern Chinese). Hong Kong: Shang Wu Publishing.
Lyons, J. 1977. Semantics: Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, F. R. 1990. Modality and English Modals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Palmer, F. R. 2001. Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Parafragou, Anna. 1998. The Acquisition of Modality: Implications for Theories of Semantic Representation. Mind and Language 13(3): 370-399.
Saeed, John I. 1997. Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell Press.
Sweetser, Eve. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tang, Ting-Chi, and Chih-Chen Jane Tang. 1997. Hanyu Qingtaici Xulun (Introduction to Modal Words in Mandarin Chinese). Diwujie Shijie Huayuwu Jiaoxue Yantaohui (5th Conference of World Chinese Language Teaching). 177-197. Taipei: Shi Jie Hua Wen.
Tang, Ting-Chi. 2000. Hanyu de Qingtai Fuci: Yuyi Neihan yu Yufa Gongneng (Modal Adverbs in Mandarin Chinese: Semantic Content and Syntactic Function). Collection of Sinica Academia 71:199-219.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs and Richard B. Dasher. 2002. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge & UK: Cambridge University Press.
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1989. On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change. Language 65: 31-55.
Tsao, Feng-Fu. 1996. On Verb Classification in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 24(1): 138-191.
Wang, Li. 1943. Zhongguo Xiandai Yufa (Chinese Modern Grammar). Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Wu, Hui. 2007. Mechanisms of Meaning Extension of the Chinese Modal Verbs: Neng and Hui. M.A. Thesis. Hunan University.
Xing, Janet Zhi-Qun. 2006. Mechanism of Semantic Change in Chinese. Studies in Language 30(3): 461-483.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
95555015
97
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0955550151
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 何萬順zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Her, One Soonen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 巫春慧zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Chun Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 巫春慧zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Chun Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2008en_US
dc.date.accessioned 19-Sep-2009 13:04:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 19-Sep-2009 13:04:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 19-Sep-2009 13:04:25 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0955550151en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/37294-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95555015zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文試圖經由檢視過去對於漢語情態動詞的研究，找出最適合稱為「情態動詞」的十二個情態動詞，並以此為基礎建立適合漢語情態動詞的語意分類方式：主要分三大類—動力情態、義務情態、認知情態。同時也從共時與歷時的角度檢視漢語裡的五個多義情態動詞，包括會、能、要、可以、應該。研究發現這五個多義情態動詞所顯現的多義都是極度相關的。首先，五個多義情態動詞都有以上三大類的情態意義，其中又以動力情態為中心意義。此外，本研究確立多義情態動詞的發展方向與階段，由動力情態延伸出來的義務情態是透過主觀化的認知機制(Traugott 1980)，之後，由義務情態發展出來的認知情態則是由於主觀化與隱喻(Sweetser 1990)的運作。最後，本文也探討了情態與句法的互動關係。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship among polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese (hui4, neng2, yao4, ke3yi3, ying1gai1). It is found that the multiple modal senses encoded in the five polysemous modal verbs are closely-related. Through a careful examination on both synchronic and diachronic data of the five polysemous modal verbs, it is suggested that each of them exhibit three major modality types, including dynamic (ability, volition), deontic (directive, commissive), and epistemic (judgmental) modalities. At Stage I of the path of development, dynamic modality, as the core meaning of polysemous modal verbs, is extended to deontic modality through the cognitively-driven mechanism—subjectification, which is proposed by Traugott (1989). Then, epistemic modality is developed from deontic modality at Stage II through both subjectification and metaphorization (Sweetser 1990). After determining the direction and stages of the development path of the five polysemous modal verbs, a feature-based classification for modality types of Chinese modal verbs is provided in order to incorporate the differences and similarities among the three modality types (dynamic, deontic, and epistemic modalities). Finally, the interaction between modalities and other syntactic elements (predicates and arguments) is discussed with examples.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….V
Chinese Abstract…………………………………………………………………..XII
English Abstract………………………………………………………………….XIII
List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………….IX
List of Tables………………………………………………………………………...X
List of Figures………………………………………………………………………XI

Chapter
1. Introduction
1.1 The Notion of Modality…………………………………………………..1
1.2 Modal Verbs in Mandarin Chinese……………………………………...2
1.3 Motivation and Purpose………………………………………………...10
1.4 The Data…………………………………………………………………11
1.5 Organization of the Thesis……………………………………………...12

2. Literature Review
2.1 General Classification of Modality………………………………….....13
2.1.1 Twofold Classification—Cook (1978)……………………………13
2.1.2 Threefold Classification
—Bybee, Perkins and Pagliuca (1994)…………………………...15
2.1.3 Fourfold Classification—Palmer (2001)…………………………16
2.1.4 Some Remarks on General Classification of Modality…………18
2.2 Classification of Chinese modality……………………………………..18
2.2.1 Semantic Classification…………………………………………...19
2.2.1.1 Huang Yu-Chun (1999)…………………………………...19
2.2.1.2 Hsieh Chia-Ling (2002, 2005, 2006)……………………...20
2.2.2 Syntactic Classification…………………………………………...22
2.2.2.1 Tang & Tang (1997)…………………………………….....22
2.2.2.2 Tang Ting-Chi (2000)……………………………………..22
2.2.2.3 Lin & Tang (1995)………………………………………...23
2.2.3 Remarks on Classification of Chinese Modality………………..25
2.3 Classification of Chinese Modal Verbs………………………………...31

3. The Analysis of Polysemous Modal Verbs
3.1 Polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chinese……………………….35
3.1.1 hui4 會…………………………………………………………….35
3.1.2 neng2 能…………………………………………………………...37
3.1.3 yao4 要…………………………………………………………….39
3.1.4 ke3yi3 可以………………………………………………………..42
3.1.5 ying1gai1 應該…………………………………………………….45
3.2 The Development Path of Polysemous Modal Verbs………………….46
3.3 Diachronic Development of hui4會, neng2 能, and yao4 要………...49
3.3.1 hui4會……………………………………………………………...50
3.3.2 neng2 能…………………………………………………………...54
3.3.3 yao4 要…………………………………………………………….56
3.3.4 Concluding Remarks on the Diachronic Development of
Polysemous Modal Verbs………………………………………....58
3.4 Mechanisms Underlying the Path of Development…………………...59
3.4.1 Traugoot’s Subjectification (1989)……………………………….59
3.4.2 Sweetser’s Metaphorization (1990)………………………………61
3.4.3 An Integrated Proposal for the Mechanisms Underlying the Path of Development…………………………………………………….62
3.5 Feature-based Classification for Modalities…………………………..69

4. The Interaction of Modality and Other Syntactic Elements
4.1 Previous Study…………………………………………………………..74
4.2 Further Examination on the Five Polysemous Modal Verbs…………78
4.2.1 The Interaction of Modality and Predicate……………………...79
4.2.1.1 Main Verbs with Situation Types………………………...79
4.2.1.2 Aspects……………………………………………………..81
4.2.2 The Interaction of Modality and Argument……………………..84
4.2.2.1 Animacy of Subject………………………………………..84
4.2.2.2 Definiteness of Subject and Object………………………85
4.3 Concluding Remarks……………………………………………………87

5. Conclusion
5.1 Summary………………………………………………………………...89
5.2 Limits of the Present Study……………………………………………..90
5.3 Further Research………………………………………………………..91
References…………………………………………………………………………...93		zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0955550151en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 情態動詞zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 多義zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 主觀化zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 隱喻zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) modal verbsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) polysemyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) subjectificationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) metaphorizationen_US
dc.title (題名) 漢語多義情態動詞zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Polysemous modal verbs in Mandarin Chineseen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bybee, J, Perkins, R. and Pagliuca, W. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bybee, J. and Fleischman, S. 1995. Modality in Grammar and Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chang Dau-Xun. 2008. Huayu Qingtai Dongci “Yao/Hui” de Yufa Chengfen Yu Yuyi Zhi Hudong (The Interaction between Syntax and Semantics of Modal Verbs “Yao/Hui” in Mandarin Chinese). Term paper. National Chengchi University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chao, Yuen-Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Los Angeles: University of California Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cook, Walter A. 1978. Semantic Structure of the English Modals. TESOL Quarterly 12(1): 5-15.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eckman, F. R., Moravcsik, E. A. and Wirth, J. R. 1983. Markedness. New York: Plenum Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guo, Jiansheng. 1995. The Interactional Basis of the Mandarin Modal neng ‘Can.’ Modality in Grammar and Discourse, ed by Bybee, J. and Fleischman, S. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Her, One-Soon. 1990. Grammatical Functions and Verb Subcategorization in Mandarin Chinese. Taipei: The Crane Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hofmann, T. R. 1993. Realms of Meaning. New York: Longman Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hoye, Leo. 1997. Adverbs and Modality in English. New York: Longman.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2002. Hanyu de Qingtai Dongci. Doctoral Dissertation. National Tsing Hua Univesity.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2005. Modal Verbs and Modal Adverbs in Chinese: An Investigation into the Semantic Source [electronic version]. UST Working Papers in Linguistics, 1, 31-58. http://ling.nthu.edu.tw/ustwpl/vol/vol1.htmzh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsieh, Chia-Ling. 2006. Hanyu Qingtaici de Yuyi Jieding: Yuliauku wei Ben de Yianjiu (The Semantic Definition of Chinese Modals: A Study Based on Corpus). Zhongguo Yuwen Yianjiu 21: 45-63.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsin, Ai-Li. 2000. Huayu Qingtai Dongci de Yuyi Yu Jufa Chengfen Zhi Hudong (The Interaction between Syntax and Semantics of Modal Verbs in Mandarin Chinese). Diliujie Shijie Huayuwu Jiaoxue Yantaohui (6th Conference of World Chinese Language Teaching). 258-279. Taipei: Shijie Huawen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Huang, Yu-Chun. 1999. A Semantic Study of Modal Verbs in Chinese. M.A. Thesis, National Taiwan Normal University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li, Charles N., and Sandra A. Thompson. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. Los Angeles: University of California Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Li, Ren-Zhi. 2003. Modality in English and Chinese: A Typological Perspective. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Antwerp.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lin, Jo-Wang, and Chih-Chen Jane Tang. 1995. Modals as Verbs in Chinese: A GB Perspective. Collection of Sinica Academia 66:53-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, Yue-Hua, Wen-Yu Pan, and Wei Gu. 1996. Shiyong Xiandai Hanyu Yufa (Practical Modern Chinese Grammar). Taipei: Normal University Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, Zhuo. 2006. A Case Study on the Modal Verb: Yao. M.A. Thesis. Yanbian Univeristy.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lu, Shu-Xiang. 1980. Xiandai Hanyu Babai Ci (Eight Hundred Words in Modern Chinese). Hong Kong: Shang Wu Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lyons, J. 1977. Semantics: Volume 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palmer, F. R. 1990. Modality and English Modals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palmer, F. R. 2001. Mood and Modality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Parafragou, Anna. 1998. The Acquisition of Modality: Implications for Theories of Semantic Representation. Mind and Language 13(3): 370-399.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Saeed, John I. 1997. Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sweetser, Eve. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tang, Ting-Chi, and Chih-Chen Jane Tang. 1997. Hanyu Qingtaici Xulun (Introduction to Modal Words in Mandarin Chinese). Diwujie Shijie Huayuwu Jiaoxue Yantaohui (5th Conference of World Chinese Language Teaching). 177-197. Taipei: Shi Jie Hua Wen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tang, Ting-Chi. 2000. Hanyu de Qingtai Fuci: Yuyi Neihan yu Yufa Gongneng (Modal Adverbs in Mandarin Chinese: Semantic Content and Syntactic Function). Collection of Sinica Academia 71:199-219.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Traugott, Elizabeth Closs and Richard B. Dasher. 2002. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge & UK: Cambridge University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 1989. On the Rise of Epistemic Meanings in English: An Example of Subjectification in Semantic Change. Language 65: 31-55.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tsao, Feng-Fu. 1996. On Verb Classification in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 24(1): 138-191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wang, Li. 1943. Zhongguo Xiandai Yufa (Chinese Modern Grammar). Beijing: The Commercial Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wu, Hui. 2007. Mechanisms of Meaning Extension of the Chinese Modal Verbs: Neng and Hui. M.A. Thesis. Hunan University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Xing, Janet Zhi-Qun. 2006. Mechanism of Semantic Change in Chinese. Studies in Language 30(3): 461-483.zh_TW