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題名 信仰與寺廟傳統 --台灣民間信仰功利性質之研究--
Faith and Temple Tradition, Researching the Utilitarian Nature of Popular Religion in Taiwan
作者 Graham,Fabian C.
貢獻者 張駿逸
Chang,Jiunn Yih
Graham,Fabian C.
關鍵詞 佛教
道教
台灣
宗教
buddhism
taoism
taiwan
popular religion
temple
anscestor worship
divination
日期 2006
上傳時間 23-Apr-2010 19:42:21 (UTC+8)
摘要 The primary focus of this thesis is in the relationship between popular religion and culture in Taiwan. The influences of major religions and schools of thought including ancestor worship, Confucian morality, Sinicized Buddhism, religious Taoism, and Animism, and the traditions and rituals associated with them have all contributed to the structure of popular religious practices in Taiwan today. This thesis therefore approaches popular religion in Taiwan from both historic and contemporary perspectives. First, a framework based on the historic development of philosophies and popular religious practices that began in the Shang dynasty and evolved through social turbulence and religious transformation will be established. Then, employing ethnographic research methods and analysis, field research conducted in four case study temples housing a selection of the most popular deities worshiped in Taiwan will be discussed. Including information from both surveys and key informant interviews, this thesis aims to show how popular religion in contemporary Taiwan is of a utilitarian nature. The historic framework will then be applied to contemporary religious practice in Taiwan, to explain how both historical factors and the evolution of popular religion has created a religiously tolerant and socially cohesive society. Of key interest to this thesis is religious divination, both due to its prevalence in popular religious culture, and its inherent utilitarian qualities. In the process of the aforementioned analysis, the dual phenomenon of finding deities from different traditions housed side by side in a single temple, and traditional aspects of popular religion being perceived as elements of cultural will be accounted for in both historic and current social contexts.

Key words: Ancestor worship, Family cult, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Popular Religion, Deities, Utilitarian, Divination
參考文獻 Adler, Joseph., (2002) Chinese Religions. Routledge.
Anhern, Emily., (1973) The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford University Press.
Bary. Chan. Watson., (1960) Sources of Chinese Tradition. Columbia University Press, New York.
Caltonhill, Mark., (2002) Private Prayers and Public Parades. Department of Information, Taipei City Government.
Chan, Wing-tsit., (1963) A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Chun Fang-yu., (2001) Kuan-yin. The Chinese transformation of Avalokitesvara. Columbia University press.
Clart, Philip., (2001) Moral Mediums. Spirit-Writing and the Cultural Construction of Chinese Spirit-Mediumship. Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Chicago, 22-25 March 2001.
Clart, Philip, and Jones, Charles B., (2003) Religion in Modern Taiwan. Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. University of Hawai’i Press.
Copper, J., (1996) Taiwan: Nation State or Province. SMC Publishing.
Dean, Kenneth., (1956) Taoist ritual and popular cults of Southeast China. Princeton University Press.
Eberhard, W. Topics and Moral Values in Chinese Temple Decorations. University of California, Berkeley.
Feuchtwang, Steven., (2001) Popular Religion in China. The Imperial Metaphor. Curzen.
Guss, C.D., (2002) Decision making in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 4, Chapter 3), (http://www.wwu.edu/~culture), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA, 2002.
Hsing, Lawrence Fu-Ch’uan., (1983) Taiwanese Buddhism and Buddhist Temples. Pacific Cultural Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jones, Charles Brewer., (1999) Buddhism in Taiwan. Religion and State 1660-1990. University of Hawai’i Press.
Jordan, David K., (1972.) Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors. University of California Press.
Jordan, David K., (1982) Taiwanese Poe divination. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Volume 21, number 2, pg 114-118.June.
Katz. Paul R., (2003) Religion and the State in Post-war Taiwan. The China Quarterly.
Kohn, Livia., (2001) Daoism and Chinese Culture. Three Pines Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Liu, Huan-yue., (2001) Folk beliefs in Taiwan. Government Information Office, Republic of China.
Morgan, Harry T., (1942) Chinese Symbols and Superstitions. P.D. and Ione Perkins, South Pasadena, California.
Paper, Jordan, Thompson, Lawrence., (1998) The Chinese Way in Religion. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
Sangren, Steven., (1998) History and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy: The Ma Tsu Cult of Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 30, No. 4. October 1998, pp.674-697.
Schipper, Kristofer., (1982) The Taoist Body. SMC Publishing INC, Taipei.
Schipper, K., (2004) The Taoist canon : a historical companion to the Daozang. University of Chicago Press.
Skilton, Andrew., (1994) A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications.
Stevens, Keith G., (2001) Chinese Mythological Gods. Oxford University Press.
Teiser. Steven F., (1995) Popular Religion. Journal of Asian Studies, Vol 54, No. 2. May 1995. pp378-395.
Thompson, Lawrence G., (1979) Chinese Religion. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.
Tykocinski, Orit E., and Ruffle, Bradley, J., (2003) Reasonable Reasons for Waiting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, pg.147, April 2003.
Werner, E.T.C., (2005) Myths and Legends of China. Wildside Press.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
臺灣研究英語碩士學位學程
94924027
95
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924027
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張駿逸zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang,Jiunn Yihen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Graham,Fabian C.en_US
dc.creator (作者) Graham,Fabian C.en_US
dc.date (日期) 2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned 23-Apr-2010 19:42:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 23-Apr-2010 19:42:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 23-Apr-2010 19:42:21 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0094924027en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/38949-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 臺灣研究英語碩士學位學程zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 94924027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The primary focus of this thesis is in the relationship between popular religion and culture in Taiwan. The influences of major religions and schools of thought including ancestor worship, Confucian morality, Sinicized Buddhism, religious Taoism, and Animism, and the traditions and rituals associated with them have all contributed to the structure of popular religious practices in Taiwan today. This thesis therefore approaches popular religion in Taiwan from both historic and contemporary perspectives. First, a framework based on the historic development of philosophies and popular religious practices that began in the Shang dynasty and evolved through social turbulence and religious transformation will be established. Then, employing ethnographic research methods and analysis, field research conducted in four case study temples housing a selection of the most popular deities worshiped in Taiwan will be discussed. Including information from both surveys and key informant interviews, this thesis aims to show how popular religion in contemporary Taiwan is of a utilitarian nature. The historic framework will then be applied to contemporary religious practice in Taiwan, to explain how both historical factors and the evolution of popular religion has created a religiously tolerant and socially cohesive society. Of key interest to this thesis is religious divination, both due to its prevalence in popular religious culture, and its inherent utilitarian qualities. In the process of the aforementioned analysis, the dual phenomenon of finding deities from different traditions housed side by side in a single temple, and traditional aspects of popular religion being perceived as elements of cultural will be accounted for in both historic and current social contexts.

Key words: Ancestor worship, Family cult, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Popular Religion, Deities, Utilitarian, Divination
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
ABSTRACT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
PHOTOS, CHARTS, AND FIGURES iv
WORD DEFINITIONS vi
DEDICATION vii
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2 Literature Review 9
CHAPTER 2 – ANCESTOR WORSHIP AND THE SPIRIT WORLD
THE FAMILY CULT, CONFUCIUS AND FILIAL
PIETY 17
CHAPTER 3 – ASSOCIATION THROUGH TIME
3.1. Exchanging of Ideas, Rituals and Deities between Taoism and Buddhism in Mainland China 29
3.2. Religion in Taiwan under Different Political Regimes 53
CHAPTER 4 – CASE STUDIES
4.1. Long Shan Temple, Taipei. Case Study 65
4.2. Fu An Gong, Checheng. Case Study 89
4.3. Nan Kun Shen, Tainan. Case Study 117
4.4. Tian Hou Gong, Peng Hu. Case Study 138
CHAPTER 5 – DIVINATION AND THE INFLUENCE OF BUA BUE
ON DECISION-MAKING
5.1. Divination 158
5.2. The Influence of Bua Bue (Zia Jiao (擲筊)) on Decision-Making in Taiwan 172
CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSIONS
6.1. Conclusions from Data and Interviews 191
6.2 The Bigger Picture 202
6.3 Popular Religion in Taiwan Within the Larger Historic Framework 210
REFERENCES 223
INTERVIEWS AND CORRESPONDENCE 225
APPENDIX
Sample Survey and Questionnaire 226
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dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0094924027en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 佛教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 道教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 宗教zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) buddhismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) taoismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) taiwanen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) popular religionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) templeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) anscestor worshipen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) divinationen_US
dc.title (題名) 信仰與寺廟傳統 --台灣民間信仰功利性質之研究--zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Faith and Temple Tradition, Researching the Utilitarian Nature of Popular Religion in Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adler, Joseph., (2002) Chinese Religions. Routledge.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anhern, Emily., (1973) The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bary. Chan. Watson., (1960) Sources of Chinese Tradition. Columbia University Press, New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Caltonhill, Mark., (2002) Private Prayers and Public Parades. Department of Information, Taipei City Government.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chan, Wing-tsit., (1963) A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chun Fang-yu., (2001) Kuan-yin. The Chinese transformation of Avalokitesvara. Columbia University press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clart, Philip., (2001) Moral Mediums. Spirit-Writing and the Cultural Construction of Chinese Spirit-Mediumship. Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies in Chicago, 22-25 March 2001.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clart, Philip, and Jones, Charles B., (2003) Religion in Modern Taiwan. Tradition and Innovation in a Changing Society. University of Hawai’i Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Copper, J., (1996) Taiwan: Nation State or Province. SMC Publishing.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dean, Kenneth., (1956) Taoist ritual and popular cults of Southeast China. Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eberhard, W. Topics and Moral Values in Chinese Temple Decorations. University of California, Berkeley.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feuchtwang, Steven., (2001) Popular Religion in China. The Imperial Metaphor. Curzen.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Guss, C.D., (2002) Decision making in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. In W. J. Lonner, D. L. Dinnel, S. A. Hayes, & D. N. Sattler (Eds.), Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 4, Chapter 3), (http://www.wwu.edu/~culture), Center for Cross-Cultural Research, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington USA, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hsing, Lawrence Fu-Ch’uan., (1983) Taiwanese Buddhism and Buddhist Temples. Pacific Cultural Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jones, Charles Brewer., (1999) Buddhism in Taiwan. Religion and State 1660-1990. University of Hawai’i Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jordan, David K., (1972.) Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors. University of California Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jordan, David K., (1982) Taiwanese Poe divination. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. Volume 21, number 2, pg 114-118.June.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Katz. Paul R., (2003) Religion and the State in Post-war Taiwan. The China Quarterly.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kohn, Livia., (2001) Daoism and Chinese Culture. Three Pines Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, Huan-yue., (2001) Folk beliefs in Taiwan. Government Information Office, Republic of China.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Morgan, Harry T., (1942) Chinese Symbols and Superstitions. P.D. and Ione Perkins, South Pasadena, California.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Paper, Jordan, Thompson, Lawrence., (1998) The Chinese Way in Religion. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sangren, Steven., (1998) History and the Rhetoric of Legitimacy: The Ma Tsu Cult of Taiwan. Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 30, No. 4. October 1998, pp.674-697.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schipper, Kristofer., (1982) The Taoist Body. SMC Publishing INC, Taipei.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schipper, K., (2004) The Taoist canon : a historical companion to the Daozang. University of Chicago Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Skilton, Andrew., (1994) A Concise History of Buddhism. Windhorse Publications.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Stevens, Keith G., (2001) Chinese Mythological Gods. Oxford University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teiser. Steven F., (1995) Popular Religion. Journal of Asian Studies, Vol 54, No. 2. May 1995. pp378-395.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Thompson, Lawrence G., (1979) Chinese Religion. Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tykocinski, Orit E., and Ruffle, Bradley, J., (2003) Reasonable Reasons for Waiting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, pg.147, April 2003.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Werner, E.T.C., (2005) Myths and Legends of China. Wildside Press.zh_TW