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題名 體態與生活滿意程度之關係
The Relationship between the Life Satisfaction and the Body Shape
作者 陳宏萱
Chen, Hong-Hsuan
貢獻者 張文俊
Chang, Wen-Chun
陳宏萱
Chen, Hong-Hsuan
關鍵詞 體態
薪資
生活滿意程度
日期 2007
上傳時間 9-Dec-2010 15:53:39 (UTC+8)
摘要 現今社會,對於外貌的要求日形亦重,國外有許多文獻探討過外貌在各個層面的影響。外貌包含了相貌以及體態兩個部分,國內研究對於客觀體態的探討多半著重於健康層面,因此本文針對國內較為缺少的環節,以體態做為主軸,探討體態對經濟層面及生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。

本文以Van Praag et al.(2003)一文的二階層聯立模型做為理論依據,實證方法則採取兩階段工具變數法,在第一階段中以OLS model估計體態對經濟層面的影響,第二階段則利用上述結果帶入ordered probit model中,分析體態對生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。

結果發現,在台灣社會體態對於經濟層面影響以及整體生活滿意程度影響並不顯著,這有別於國外研究所得之體態過胖和薪資以及整體滿意程度有顯著負相關的結果。但若針對體態內心自我認同度來看,體態對自身滿意程度以及自我認同體態吸引他人程度皆有顯著的負相關。
Numerous studies have shown that physical appearance has strong economic as well psychological effects on an individual’s well-being in our society. A person’s physical appearance usually is characterized by his or her facial feature and body shape. However, recent studies on physical appearance in Taiwan mostly focus on the health effects of body shape and the psychological outcomes of physical appearance are still largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims at this important but previously neglected aspect of research on physical appearance by examining the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction.

The theoretical framework of this study is based on the model developed by Van Praag et al. (2003), and the empirical approach is a two-stage instrumental variable estimation. Specifically, we estimate an earning equation with the level of income as the dependent variable in the first stage, and then in the second stage, the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction is estimated with an ordered probit model.

The findings of this study show that body shape does not have a significant impact on an individual’s income and life satisfaction. This result is substantially different from what have been found in previous studies using data from the US and European countries suggesting that obesity is negatively correlated with one’s earnings and life satisfaction. However, the results of this study also indicate that obesity has strong negative relationships with the self-reported levels of satisfaction and attractiveness on body shape.
參考文獻 中文部分
1. 李達承、駱明慶(2008) “美貌對候選人得票率的影響—以2004年立委選舉為例”經濟論文叢刊 36(1), 67-113
2. 鄒孟婷(2006)“台灣成年女性肥胖、自覺肥胖和健康知識與教育程度之關係” 台灣家醫誌 16(4), 226-236.
3. 蔡文玲(2004)“肥胖對台灣人健康問題及生活品質之影響”高雄醫學大學研究所博士論文.
英文部分
1. Alesina, Alberto, Andrea Ichino, and Loukas Karabarbounis“Gender Based Taxation and the Division of Family Chores”NBER Working Paper No. W13638.
2. Averett, Susan and Sanders Korenman (1996) “The Economic Reality of the Beauty Myth.” Journal of Human Resources 31(2), 304-330.
3. Biddle, Jeff E. and Daniel S. Hamermesh (1998) “Beauty, Productivity, and Discrimination: Lawyers’ Looks and Lucre.” Journal of Labor Economic 16(1), 172-201.
4. Brownell, Kelly D. and Katherine Battle Horgen (2003) “Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry, America’s Obesity Crisis, and What We Can Do About It.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80(1), 239-240.
5. Carr, Deborah and Michael A. Friedman (2005) “Is Obesity Stigmatizing? Body Weight, Perceived Discrimination, and Psychological Well-Being in the United State.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46(3), 244-259.
6. Chouinard, Hayley H., David E. Davis, Jeffery T. LaFrance, and Perloff, Jeferry M. (2007) “Fat Taxes: Big Money for Small Change.”Forum for Health Economics & Policy 10 (2), article 2.
7. Donald, Stephen and Daniel S. Hamermesh (2006) “What Is Discrimination? Gender in the American Economic Association, 1935-2004.” American Economic Review 96(4),1283-1292.
8. Fishman, Raymond, Sheena S. Iyengar, Emir Kamenica, and Itamar Simonson (2006) “Gender Differences in Mate Selection: Evidence from a Speed Dating Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(2), 673-697.
9. Flegal, Katherine M., Magaret D. Carrol, Clifford Ogden, and Clifford L. Johnson (2002) “Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among U.S. Adults, 1999-2000.” Journal of the American Medical Association 288, 1723-1727.
10. Graham, Carol and Andrew Felton (2005) “Variance in Obesity Across Cohorts and Countries: A Norms-Based Explanation Using Happiness Surveys.” CSED Working Paper No.42.
11. Greene (2003) Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall International Edition.
12. Hamermesh, Daniel S. (2006) “Changing Looks and Changing “Discrimination”: The Beauty of Economists.” Economics Letters 93,405-412.
13. Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Amy Parker (2004) “Beauty in the Classroom: Instructors’ Pulchritude and Putative Pedagogical Productivity.” Economics of Education Review 24, 369-376.
14. Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Jeff E. Biddle (1994) “Beauty and the Labor Market.” American Economic Review 84(5), 1174-1194.
15. Hamermesh, Daniel S. ,Xing Meng, and Junsen Zhang (2002) “Dress for Success—Does Primping Pay.” Labor Economics 9, 361-373.
16. Harper, Barry (2000) “Beauty, Stature and the Labour Market: A British Cohort Study.” Oxford Bullettin of Economics and Statistics 62, 771-800 .
17. Kurth, Tobias, J. Michael Gaziano, Klaus Berger, Carlos S. Kase, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Nancy R. Cook, Julie E. Buring, JoAnn E. Manson (2002) “Body Mass Index and the Risk of Stroke in Men.” Achives of Internal Medicine 162(22), 2557-2562.
18. Mobius, Markus M. and Tanya S. Rosenblat (2006) “Why Beauty Matters.” American Economic Review 96(1), 222-235.
19. Nicola, Persico, Andrew Postlewaite, and Dan Silverman (2004) “The Effect of the Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes: The Case of Height.” Journal of Political Economy 112(5), 1019-1053.
20. Newton, Kenneth(2001) “Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy.” International Political Science Review 22(2), 201-214.
21. Oswald, Andrew J. (2007) “Obesity, Unhappiness, and the Challenge of Affluence: The Theory and Evidence.” Economic Journal 117(521), 441-454.
22. Pfann, Gerard, Jeff Biddle, Daniel Hamermesh and Cliska Bosman (2000) “Business Success and Businesses` Beauty Capital." Economics Letter 93(3), 201-207.
23. Rosenberg, Shawn W. and Patrick McCafferty (1987) “The Image and the Voter Manipulating Voters’ Preferences.” Public Opinion Quanterly 51(1), 31-47.
24. Rosenberg, Morris (1965) “Society and the Adolescent Self-Image.”Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
25. Sabia, Joseph J. (2007) “The Effect of Body Weight on Adolescent Academic Performance.” Southern Economic Journal 73(4), 871-900.
26. Sciacca, John P., Christopher L. Melby, Gerald C. Hyner, Amy C. Brown, and Paul L. Femea. (1991)“Body Mass Index and Perceived Weight Status in Young Adults.”Journal of Community Health 16(3), 159-168.
27. Sobal, Jeffery, Stunkard, Albert J. (1989) “Socioeconomic Status and Obesity: A Review of the Literature.”Psychological Bulletin 105(22), 260-275.
28. Stutzer, Alois (2007)“Limited Self-Control, Obesity and the Loss of Happiness.”IZA Discussion Papers from Institute for the study of Labor (IZA) No. 2925.
29. Van Pragg, B.M.S., Frijeters, P. and Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2003). “The Anatomy of Subjective Well-Being,”Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 51, 29-49.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
財政研究所
95255035
96
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095255035
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張文俊zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chang, Wen-Chunen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳宏萱zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Hong-Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳宏萱zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Hong-Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2007en_US
dc.date.accessioned 9-Dec-2010 15:53:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 9-Dec-2010 15:53:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-Dec-2010 15:53:39 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095255035en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49996-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 財政研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95255035zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 現今社會,對於外貌的要求日形亦重,國外有許多文獻探討過外貌在各個層面的影響。外貌包含了相貌以及體態兩個部分,國內研究對於客觀體態的探討多半著重於健康層面,因此本文針對國內較為缺少的環節,以體態做為主軸,探討體態對經濟層面及生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。

本文以Van Praag et al.(2003)一文的二階層聯立模型做為理論依據,實證方法則採取兩階段工具變數法,在第一階段中以OLS model估計體態對經濟層面的影響,第二階段則利用上述結果帶入ordered probit model中,分析體態對生活滿意程度等心理層面的影響。

結果發現,在台灣社會體態對於經濟層面影響以及整體生活滿意程度影響並不顯著,這有別於國外研究所得之體態過胖和薪資以及整體滿意程度有顯著負相關的結果。但若針對體態內心自我認同度來看,體態對自身滿意程度以及自我認同體態吸引他人程度皆有顯著的負相關。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Numerous studies have shown that physical appearance has strong economic as well psychological effects on an individual’s well-being in our society. A person’s physical appearance usually is characterized by his or her facial feature and body shape. However, recent studies on physical appearance in Taiwan mostly focus on the health effects of body shape and the psychological outcomes of physical appearance are still largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims at this important but previously neglected aspect of research on physical appearance by examining the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction.

The theoretical framework of this study is based on the model developed by Van Praag et al. (2003), and the empirical approach is a two-stage instrumental variable estimation. Specifically, we estimate an earning equation with the level of income as the dependent variable in the first stage, and then in the second stage, the relationship between body shape and life satisfaction is estimated with an ordered probit model.

The findings of this study show that body shape does not have a significant impact on an individual’s income and life satisfaction. This result is substantially different from what have been found in previous studies using data from the US and European countries suggesting that obesity is negatively correlated with one’s earnings and life satisfaction. However, the results of this study also indicate that obesity has strong negative relationships with the self-reported levels of satisfaction and attractiveness on body shape.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 外貌對勞動及婚姻市場的影響 6
第二節 體態對健康層面的影響 10
第三節 體態對心理層面的影響 12
第三章 實證架構 16
第一節 實證模型 17
第二節 資料來源與說明 21
第四章 實證分析 25
第一節 敘述統計 25
第二節 實證結果 29
第五章 結論與建議 49
第一節 結論 49
第二節 建議 51
參考文獻 53

圖表目錄

圖1–1 研究架構 5
表3.1 性別議題問卷樣本統計 22
表3.2 被解釋變數之定義 22
表3.3 解釋變數之定義 24
表4.1被解釋變數之敘述統計 26
表4.1 (續) 被解釋變數之敘述統計 26
表4.2解釋變數之敘述統計 27
表4.2 (續) 解釋變數之敘述統計 28
表4.3 每月平均所得之估計結果 35
表4.3(續) 每月平均所得之估計結果 36
表4.4體態對整體滿意程度面影響之估計結果 37
表4.4(續) 體態對整體滿意程度面影響之估計結果 38
表4.5體態對整體滿意程度邊際效果之估計結果 39
表4.5(續) 體態對整體滿意程度邊際效果之估計結果 40
表4.6個人體態自我滿意程度之估計結果 41
表4.6(續) 個人體態自我滿意程度之估計結果 42
表4.7個人體態自我認同吸引他人程度之估計結果 43
表4.7(續) 個人體態自我認同吸引他人程度之估計結果 44
表4.8個人體態自我滿意程度邊際效果之估計結果 45
表4.8(續) 個人體態自我滿意程度邊際效果之估計結果 46
表4.9個人體態自我認同吸引他人程度邊際效果之估計 47
表4.9(續) 個人體態自我認同吸引他人程度邊際效果之估計 48
zh_TW
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095255035en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 體態zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 薪資zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 生活滿意程度zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 體態與生活滿意程度之關係zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Relationship between the Life Satisfaction and the Body Shapeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. 李達承、駱明慶(2008) “美貌對候選人得票率的影響—以2004年立委選舉為例”經濟論文叢刊 36(1), 67-113zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. 鄒孟婷(2006)“台灣成年女性肥胖、自覺肥胖和健康知識與教育程度之關係” 台灣家醫誌 16(4), 226-236.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. 蔡文玲(2004)“肥胖對台灣人健康問題及生活品質之影響”高雄醫學大學研究所博士論文.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. Alesina, Alberto, Andrea Ichino, and Loukas Karabarbounis“Gender Based Taxation and the Division of Family Chores”NBER Working Paper No. W13638.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. Averett, Susan and Sanders Korenman (1996) “The Economic Reality of the Beauty Myth.” Journal of Human Resources 31(2), 304-330.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 3. Biddle, Jeff E. and Daniel S. Hamermesh (1998) “Beauty, Productivity, and Discrimination: Lawyers’ Looks and Lucre.” Journal of Labor Economic 16(1), 172-201.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 4. Brownell, Kelly D. and Katherine Battle Horgen (2003) “Food Fight: The Inside Story of the Food Industry, America’s Obesity Crisis, and What We Can Do About It.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80(1), 239-240.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. Carr, Deborah and Michael A. Friedman (2005) “Is Obesity Stigmatizing? Body Weight, Perceived Discrimination, and Psychological Well-Being in the United State.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46(3), 244-259.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 6. Chouinard, Hayley H., David E. Davis, Jeffery T. LaFrance, and Perloff, Jeferry M. (2007) “Fat Taxes: Big Money for Small Change.”Forum for Health Economics & Policy 10 (2), article 2.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 7. Donald, Stephen and Daniel S. Hamermesh (2006) “What Is Discrimination? Gender in the American Economic Association, 1935-2004.” American Economic Review 96(4),1283-1292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 8. Fishman, Raymond, Sheena S. Iyengar, Emir Kamenica, and Itamar Simonson (2006) “Gender Differences in Mate Selection: Evidence from a Speed Dating Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(2), 673-697.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 9. Flegal, Katherine M., Magaret D. Carrol, Clifford Ogden, and Clifford L. Johnson (2002) “Prevalence and Trends in Obesity among U.S. Adults, 1999-2000.” Journal of the American Medical Association 288, 1723-1727.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 10. Graham, Carol and Andrew Felton (2005) “Variance in Obesity Across Cohorts and Countries: A Norms-Based Explanation Using Happiness Surveys.” CSED Working Paper No.42.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 11. Greene (2003) Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall International Edition.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 12. Hamermesh, Daniel S. (2006) “Changing Looks and Changing “Discrimination”: The Beauty of Economists.” Economics Letters 93,405-412.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 13. Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Amy Parker (2004) “Beauty in the Classroom: Instructors’ Pulchritude and Putative Pedagogical Productivity.” Economics of Education Review 24, 369-376.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 14. Hamermesh, Daniel S. and Jeff E. Biddle (1994) “Beauty and the Labor Market.” American Economic Review 84(5), 1174-1194.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 15. Hamermesh, Daniel S. ,Xing Meng, and Junsen Zhang (2002) “Dress for Success—Does Primping Pay.” Labor Economics 9, 361-373.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 16. Harper, Barry (2000) “Beauty, Stature and the Labour Market: A British Cohort Study.” Oxford Bullettin of Economics and Statistics 62, 771-800 .zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 17. Kurth, Tobias, J. Michael Gaziano, Klaus Berger, Carlos S. Kase, Kathryn M. Rexrode, Nancy R. Cook, Julie E. Buring, JoAnn E. Manson (2002) “Body Mass Index and the Risk of Stroke in Men.” Achives of Internal Medicine 162(22), 2557-2562.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 18. Mobius, Markus M. and Tanya S. Rosenblat (2006) “Why Beauty Matters.” American Economic Review 96(1), 222-235.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 19. Nicola, Persico, Andrew Postlewaite, and Dan Silverman (2004) “The Effect of the Adolescent Experience on Labor Market Outcomes: The Case of Height.” Journal of Political Economy 112(5), 1019-1053.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 20. Newton, Kenneth(2001) “Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy.” International Political Science Review 22(2), 201-214.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 21. Oswald, Andrew J. (2007) “Obesity, Unhappiness, and the Challenge of Affluence: The Theory and Evidence.” Economic Journal 117(521), 441-454.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 22. Pfann, Gerard, Jeff Biddle, Daniel Hamermesh and Cliska Bosman (2000) “Business Success and Businesses` Beauty Capital." Economics Letter 93(3), 201-207.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 23. Rosenberg, Shawn W. and Patrick McCafferty (1987) “The Image and the Voter Manipulating Voters’ Preferences.” Public Opinion Quanterly 51(1), 31-47.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 24. Rosenberg, Morris (1965) “Society and the Adolescent Self-Image.”Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 25. Sabia, Joseph J. (2007) “The Effect of Body Weight on Adolescent Academic Performance.” Southern Economic Journal 73(4), 871-900.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 26. Sciacca, John P., Christopher L. Melby, Gerald C. Hyner, Amy C. Brown, and Paul L. Femea. (1991)“Body Mass Index and Perceived Weight Status in Young Adults.”Journal of Community Health 16(3), 159-168.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 27. Sobal, Jeffery, Stunkard, Albert J. (1989) “Socioeconomic Status and Obesity: A Review of the Literature.”Psychological Bulletin 105(22), 260-275.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 28. Stutzer, Alois (2007)“Limited Self-Control, Obesity and the Loss of Happiness.”IZA Discussion Papers from Institute for the study of Labor (IZA) No. 2925.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 29. Van Pragg, B.M.S., Frijeters, P. and Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2003). “The Anatomy of Subjective Well-Being,”Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 51, 29-49.zh_TW