學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 產業專家會計師事務所對其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之影響
The effects of auditor industry specialization on voluntary management earnings forecast
作者 林妙頤
貢獻者 梁嘉紋
林妙頤
關鍵詞 產業專家
自願性盈餘預測
Auditor industry specialization
Voluntary management earnings forecast
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 16:38:55 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究主要探討產業專家會計師事務所對其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測品質之影響,文中自願性盈餘預測之品質分別就盈餘預測之發布意願、揭露盈餘預測方式之精確性、盈餘預測之準確性、盈餘預測之穩健性四部分來探討。本研究係以2009年之S&P 500公司作為研究對象,樣本期間為2000年至2009年。實證結果顯示:產業專家會計師事務所之受查企業相較於非產業專家會計師事務所之受查企業,較有意願去發布管理當局自願性盈餘預測,也傾向於以較具體精確之方式去揭露盈餘預測,且其盈餘預測之準確性亦較高,但其與受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之穩健性則無顯著關聯性。顯示產業專家會計師事務所與其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之間存在關聯性,產業專家會計師事務所能提升其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之品質。
This paper examines the effects of auditor industry specialization on voluntary management earnings forecasts. This paper uses the incidence of issuing voluntary management earnings forecasts, forecast specificity, forecast accuracy, and forecast conservatism to measure the quality of voluntary management earnings forecast. Based on the sample of 2009 S&P 500 companies spanning from 2000 to 2009, the results indicate that firms audited by industry specialist are more likely to issue earnings forecasts, and their forecasts are more specific. In addition, these forecasts tend to be more accurate. Taken together, the empirical evidence is consistent with the prediction that the auditor industry specialization is associated with voluntary management earnings forecasts; that is, auditor industry specialization helps to enhance the quality of voluntary management forecasts.
參考文獻 李建然,1997,影響台灣上市公司自願性盈餘預測行為因素之研究,國立政治大學會計學系博士論文。
姜家訓與楊雅雯,2005,會計師事務所之產業專精及查核年資與盈餘品質之關係,當代會計,第6卷,第1期,5月:23-60。
張文瀞與吳幸螢,2005,品牌聲譽、產業專業化與審計人員市場佔有率關連性:取消審計公費下限分析,會計評論,第40期,1月:91-118。
張希恭,1996,自願性揭露下管理當局盈餘預測準確度決定因素之研究,國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。
陳耀宗、劉若蘭及林坤霖,2003,產業專家、客戶滿意度與審計公費關連性之研究,會計評論,第37期,7月:31-52。
Aboody, D., and R. Kasznik. 2000. CEO stock option awards and the timing of corporate voluntary disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics 29(1): 73-100.
Ajinkya, B., S. Bhojraj, and P. Sengupta. The association between outside directors, institutional investors and the properties of management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (3): 343-376.
Ajinkya, B. B., and M. J. Gift. 1984. Corporate managers’ earnings forecasts and symmetrical adjustments of market expectations. Journal of Accounting Research 22 (2):425-444.
Baker C. R., and D. M. Owsen. 2002. Increasing the role of auditing in corporate governance. Critical Perspectives on Accounting 13 (5-6): 783-795.
Baginski, S. P., E. J. Conrad, and J. M. Hassell. 1993. The effects of management forecast precision on equity pricing and on the assessment of earnings uncertainty. The Accounting Review 68 (4): 913-927.
Baginski, S. P., and J. M. Hassell. 1997. Determinants of management forecast precision. The Accounting Review 72 (2): 303–312.
Baginski, S. P., J. M. Hassell, and M. D. Kimbrough. 2004. Why do managers explain their earnings forecasts? Journal of Accounting Research 42 (1): 1-29.
Balsam, S., J. Krishnan, and J. S. Yang. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and earnings quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 22 (2): 71-97.
Bamber, L., and S. Cheon. 1998. Discretionary management earnings forecast disclosures: Antecedents and outcomes associated with forecast venue and forecast specificity choices. Journal of Accounting Research 36 (2): 167-190.
Beasley, M.S., and K. Petroni. 2001. Board independence and audit firm type. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 20 (March): 97-114.
Becker, C., M. D., J. Jiambalvo, and K. Subramanyam. 1998. The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research 15 (Spring): 1-24.
Bedard, J. C., S. F. Biggs, and D. M. Frederick. 1991. The effect of domain –specific experience on evaluation of management representation in analytical procedures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 10: 77-95.
Behn, B.K., J. H. Choi, and T. Kang. 2008. Audit quality and properties of analyst earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 83 (2): 327-349.
Bhojraj, S., R. Libby, and H. Yang. 2010. Analyzing guidance at the firm level: The effect of reputation-building and learning-by-doing on guidance frequency and guidance properties. Working paper, Cornell University.
Botosan, C. A., and M. A. Plumlee. 2002. A re-examination of disclosure level and the expected cost of equity capital. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (1): 21-40.
Cao Z., and G. Narayanamoorthy. 2005. Accounting and litigation risk. Working paper, Yale School of Management`s Management Research Network.
Carcello, J. V., and A. L. Nagy. 2002. Auditor industry specialization and fraudulent financial reporting. Managerial Auditing Journal 19 (5): 651-668.
Casterella, J. R., J. R. Francis, B. L. Lewis, and P. L. Walker. 2004. Auditor industry specialization, client bargaining power, and audit pricing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 23 (1): 123-140.
Chen, S. 2004. Why do managers fail to meet their own forecasts? Working Paper, University of Washington.
Choi, J. H., and D. Ziebart. 2004. Management earnings forecasts and the market’s reaction to predicted bias in the forecast. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 11 (December): 167-192.
Choi, J. H., and R. Doogar. 2005. Auditor tenure and audit quality: Evidence from going concern qualifications issued during 1996-2001.Working Paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
Choi, J. H., L. A. Myers, Y. Zang, and D. A. Ziebart. 2010. The roles that forecast surprise and forecast error play in determining management forecast precision. Accounting Horizons 24 (2): 165-188.
Chuk, E., D. A. Matsumoto, and G. S. Miller. 2009. Assessing methods of identifying management forecasts: CIG vs. Researcher Collected. Working Paper, University of Washington and University of Michigan.
Clarkson, P. M. 2000. Auditor quality and the accuracy of management earnings forecasts. Contemporary Accounting Research 17 (Winter): 595-622.
Clement, M., R. Frankel, and J. Miller. 2003. Confirming management earnings forecasts, earnings uncertainty, and stock returns. Journal of Accounting Research 41(4):653-679.
Coller, M., and T. L. Yohn. 1997. Management forecasts and information asymmetry: An examination of bid-ask spreads. Journal of Accounting Research 35 (2): 181-191.
Cotter, J., N. Lokman, and M. M. Najah. 2011. Voluntary disclosure research: Which theory is relevant? The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research 6 (2): 77-95.
Craswell, A. T., J. R. Francis, and S. L. Taylor. 1995. Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations. Journal of Accounting and Economics 20 (3): 297-322.
Danos, P., and J. Eichenseher. 1982. Audit industry dynamics: Factor affecting changes in clients-industry market shares. Journal of Accounting Research 20 (Autumn): 604-616.
Darrough, M. 1993. Disclosure policy and competition: Cournot vs. Bertrand. The Accounting Review 68: 534-562.
Davidson, R. A., and D. Neu. 1993. A note on the association between audit firm size and audit quality. Contemporary Accounting Research 9 (Spring): 479-488.
DeAngelo, L. 1981. Auditor size and auditor quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3 (December): 183-199.
Dopuch, N., and D. Simunic. 1982. Competition in auditing: an assessment. Fourth symposium on auditing research, University of Illinois: 401-450.
Dunn, K. A., and B. W. Mayhew. 2004. Audit firm industry specialization and client disclosure quality. Review of Accounting Studies 9 (1): 35-58.
Elizabeth, L. D. 1981b. Audit size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3 (3): 183-199.
Fang, V. W. 2009. The role of management forecast precision in predicting management forecast error. Working Paper, Rutgers University.
Feng M., C. Li, and S. E. McVay. 2009. Internal control and management guidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics 48: 190-209.
Field, L., M. Lowry, and S. Shu. 2005. Does disclosure deter or trigger litigation? Journal of Accounting and Economics 39 (September): 487–507.
Firth, M., and A. Smith. 1992. The accuracy of profits forecast in initial public offering prospectuses. Journal of Accounting and Business Research 22 (Summer): 239-247.
Francis, J., D. Philbrick, and K. Schipper. 1994. Shareholder litigation and corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (2): 137-164.
Francis, J.R., K. Reichelt, and D. Wang. 2005. The pricing of national and city-specific reputations for industry expertise in the U.S. audit market. The Accounting Review 80 (1): 113-136.
Frankel, R., M. McNichols, and G. P. Wilson. 1995. Discretionary disclosure and external financing. The Accounting Review 70 (1): 135-150.
Gigler, F. 1994. Self-enforcing voluntary disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (Autumn): 224-241.
Graham, J. R., C. R. Harvey, and S. Rajgopal. 2005. The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics 40: 3-73.
Gul, F. A., S. Y. K. Fung, and B. Jaggi. 2009. Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors` industry expertise. Journal of Accounting and Economics 47 (3): 265-287.
Healy, P. M., and K. G. Palepu. 2001. Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31: 405-440.
Hirst, D. E., L. L. Koonce, and S. Venkataraman. 2008. Management earnings forecasts: A review and framework. Accounting Horizons 22 (3): 315-338.
Hirst, E., L. Koonce, and J. Miller. 1999. The joint effect of management’s prior forecast accuracy and the form of its financial forecasts on investor judgment. Journal of Accounting Research 37 (3): 101-124.
Hogan, C., and D. Jeter. 1999. Industry specialization by auditors. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 18 (Spring): 1-17.
Hughes, J. S., and S. Pae. 2004. Voluntary disclosure of precision information. Journal of Accounting and Economics 37 (June): 261-289.
Jensen, M. C., and W. H. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(4): 305-360.
Karamanou, I., and N. Vafeas. 2005. The association between corporate boards, audit committees, and management earnings forecasts: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (June): 453-486.
Kasznik, R., and B. Lev. 1995. To warn or not to warn - Management disclosures in the face of an earnings surprise. The Accounting Review 70 (1): 113-134.
King, R., G. Pownall, and G. Waymire. 1990. Expectations adjustment via timely management forecasts: Review, synthesis, and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature 9: 145-182.
Kothari, S. P., P. Wysocki, and S. Shu. 2009. Do managers withhold bad news? Journal of Accounting Research 47 (1): 241-276.
Krishnan, G. V. 2003. Does big 6 auditor industry expertise constrain earnings management? Accounting Horizons 17: 1-16.
Krishnan, G. V. 2005. The association between Big 6 auditor industry expertise and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 20 (3): 209-28.
Krishnan, G. V., M. Pevzner, and P. Sengupta. 2009. How do auditors view managers’ disclosure strategy? The effect of earnings guidance on audit fees. Working paper, George Mason University.
Krishnan, J. 2001. A comparison of auditor`s self-reported industry expertise and alternative measures of industry specialization. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 8: 127-142.
Lang, M., and R. Lundholm. 1993. Cross-sectional determinants of analyst ratings of corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 31 (2): 246-271.
Maletta, M., and A. Wright. 1996. Audit evidence planning: An examination of industry error characteristics. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 15 (Spring): 71-86.
Matsumoto, D. A. 2002. Management`s incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises. The Accounting Review 77 (3): 483-514.
Menon, K., and D. D. Williams. 1991. Auditor credibility and initial public offerings. The Accounting Review 66 (April): 313-332.
National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI). Earnings Guidance. Executive Alert. December 19, 2002.
Neal, T. L., and R. R. Riley, Jr. 2004. Auditor industry specialist research design. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 23 (2): 169-177.
Noe, C. F. 1999. Voluntary disclosures and insider transactions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 27 (3): 305-326.
O’ Keefe, T. B., D. A. Simunic, and M. T. Stein, 1994. The production of audit services: Evidence from a major public accounting firm. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (2): 241-261.
O’ Reilly, D. M., and J. T. Reisch. 2002. Industry specialization by audit firms: What does academic research tell us? The Ohio CPA Journal (July-September): 42-44.
Owhoso, V.E., W.F. Messier, Jr., and J.G. Lynch, Jr. 2002. Error detection by industry-specialized teams during sequential audit review. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (June): 883-900.
Palmrose, Z. 1986. Litigation and independence auditors: The role of business failures and management fraud. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory (Fall):90-113.
Pownall, G., and G. Waymire. 1989. Voluntary disclosure credibility and securities prices evidence from management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 27 (Autumn): 85-105.
Pownall, G., C. Wasley, and G. Waymire. 1993. The stock price effects of alternative types of management earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 68 (October): 896-912.
Reynolds, J. K., and J. R. Francis. 2000. Does size matter? The influence of large clients on office-level: Auditor reporting decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30 (3): 375-400.
Rogers, J., and P. Stocken. 2002. Credibility of management forecasts. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania.
Runyan, B., and M. Smith. 2007. The effect of multi-nationality on the precision of management earnings forecasts. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Performance Evaluation 4 (6): 572-588.
Skinner, D. 1994. Why firms voluntarily disclose bad news. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (Spring): 38-60.
Lee, S., S. R. Matsunaga, and C. W. Park. 2010. Management forecast accuracy and CEO turnover. Working Paper, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Oregon and University of Hong Kong.
Liu, X., and D.A. Simunic. 2005. Profit sharing in an auditing oligopoly. The Accounting Review 80 (2): 677-702.
Tan, H., R. Libby, and J. Hunton. 2002. Analysts’ reaction to earnings preannouncement strategies. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (March): 223-246.
Teoh, S.H., and T.J. Wong. 1993. Perceived auditor quality and the earnings response coefficient. The Accounting Review 68 (April): 346-366.
Trueman, B. 1986. Why do managers voluntarily release earnings forecasts? Journal of Accounting and Economics 8 (1): 53-71.
Watkins, A.L., W. Hillison, and S.E. Morecroft. 2004. Audit quality: A synthesis of theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Accounting Literature 23: 153-193.
Waymire, G. 1985. Earnings volatility and voluntary management forecast disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research (Spring): 268-295.
Williams, P. A. 1996. The relation between a prior earnings forecast by management and analyst response to a current management forecast. The Accounting Review 71 (1): 103-115.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
98353012
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 梁嘉紋zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林妙頤zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 林妙頤zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 16:38:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 16:38:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 16:38:55 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098353012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50772-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98353012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究主要探討產業專家會計師事務所對其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測品質之影響,文中自願性盈餘預測之品質分別就盈餘預測之發布意願、揭露盈餘預測方式之精確性、盈餘預測之準確性、盈餘預測之穩健性四部分來探討。本研究係以2009年之S&P 500公司作為研究對象,樣本期間為2000年至2009年。實證結果顯示:產業專家會計師事務所之受查企業相較於非產業專家會計師事務所之受查企業,較有意願去發布管理當局自願性盈餘預測,也傾向於以較具體精確之方式去揭露盈餘預測,且其盈餘預測之準確性亦較高,但其與受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之穩健性則無顯著關聯性。顯示產業專家會計師事務所與其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之間存在關聯性,產業專家會計師事務所能提升其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之品質。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This paper examines the effects of auditor industry specialization on voluntary management earnings forecasts. This paper uses the incidence of issuing voluntary management earnings forecasts, forecast specificity, forecast accuracy, and forecast conservatism to measure the quality of voluntary management earnings forecast. Based on the sample of 2009 S&P 500 companies spanning from 2000 to 2009, the results indicate that firms audited by industry specialist are more likely to issue earnings forecasts, and their forecasts are more specific. In addition, these forecasts tend to be more accurate. Taken together, the empirical evidence is consistent with the prediction that the auditor industry specialization is associated with voluntary management earnings forecasts; that is, auditor industry specialization helps to enhance the quality of voluntary management forecasts.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究問題 4
第三節 研究架構 5
第貳章 文獻探討 7
第一節 產業專家會計師事務所 7
第二節 管理當局自願性盈餘預測 11
第參章 研究方法 19
第一節 研究假說 19
第二節 變數定義與衡量 24
第三節 實證模型 31
第四節 研究期間與樣本選取 36
第肆章 實證結果分析 40
第一節 敘述性統計分析 40
第二節 迴歸結果分析 47
第三節 額外測試 54
第伍章 結論與建議 61
第一節 研究結論 61
第二節 研究貢獻 62
第三節 研究限制 63
第四節 研究建議 64
參考文獻 65
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業專家zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自願性盈餘預測zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Auditor industry specializationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Voluntary management earnings forecasten_US
dc.title (題名) 產業專家會計師事務所對其受查企業管理當局自願性盈餘預測之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effects of auditor industry specialization on voluntary management earnings forecasten_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李建然,1997,影響台灣上市公司自願性盈餘預測行為因素之研究,國立政治大學會計學系博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 姜家訓與楊雅雯,2005,會計師事務所之產業專精及查核年資與盈餘品質之關係,當代會計,第6卷,第1期,5月:23-60。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張文瀞與吳幸螢,2005,品牌聲譽、產業專業化與審計人員市場佔有率關連性:取消審計公費下限分析,會計評論,第40期,1月:91-118。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 張希恭,1996,自願性揭露下管理當局盈餘預測準確度決定因素之研究,國立政治大學會計學系碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳耀宗、劉若蘭及林坤霖,2003,產業專家、客戶滿意度與審計公費關連性之研究,會計評論,第37期,7月:31-52。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aboody, D., and R. Kasznik. 2000. CEO stock option awards and the timing of corporate voluntary disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics 29(1): 73-100.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ajinkya, B., S. Bhojraj, and P. Sengupta. The association between outside directors, institutional investors and the properties of management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (3): 343-376.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Ajinkya, B. B., and M. J. Gift. 1984. Corporate managers’ earnings forecasts and symmetrical adjustments of market expectations. Journal of Accounting Research 22 (2):425-444.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baker C. R., and D. M. Owsen. 2002. Increasing the role of auditing in corporate governance. Critical Perspectives on Accounting 13 (5-6): 783-795.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baginski, S. P., E. J. Conrad, and J. M. Hassell. 1993. The effects of management forecast precision on equity pricing and on the assessment of earnings uncertainty. The Accounting Review 68 (4): 913-927.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baginski, S. P., and J. M. Hassell. 1997. Determinants of management forecast precision. The Accounting Review 72 (2): 303–312.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baginski, S. P., J. M. Hassell, and M. D. Kimbrough. 2004. Why do managers explain their earnings forecasts? Journal of Accounting Research 42 (1): 1-29.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Balsam, S., J. Krishnan, and J. S. Yang. 2003. Auditor industry specialization and earnings quality. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 22 (2): 71-97.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bamber, L., and S. Cheon. 1998. Discretionary management earnings forecast disclosures: Antecedents and outcomes associated with forecast venue and forecast specificity choices. Journal of Accounting Research 36 (2): 167-190.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beasley, M.S., and K. Petroni. 2001. Board independence and audit firm type. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 20 (March): 97-114.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Becker, C., M. D., J. Jiambalvo, and K. Subramanyam. 1998. The effect of audit quality on earnings management. Contemporary Accounting Research 15 (Spring): 1-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bedard, J. C., S. F. Biggs, and D. M. Frederick. 1991. The effect of domain –specific experience on evaluation of management representation in analytical procedures. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 10: 77-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Behn, B.K., J. H. Choi, and T. Kang. 2008. Audit quality and properties of analyst earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 83 (2): 327-349.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bhojraj, S., R. Libby, and H. Yang. 2010. Analyzing guidance at the firm level: The effect of reputation-building and learning-by-doing on guidance frequency and guidance properties. Working paper, Cornell University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Botosan, C. A., and M. A. Plumlee. 2002. A re-examination of disclosure level and the expected cost of equity capital. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (1): 21-40.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cao Z., and G. Narayanamoorthy. 2005. Accounting and litigation risk. Working paper, Yale School of Management`s Management Research Network.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Carcello, J. V., and A. L. Nagy. 2002. Auditor industry specialization and fraudulent financial reporting. Managerial Auditing Journal 19 (5): 651-668.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Casterella, J. R., J. R. Francis, B. L. Lewis, and P. L. Walker. 2004. Auditor industry specialization, client bargaining power, and audit pricing. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 23 (1): 123-140.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chen, S. 2004. Why do managers fail to meet their own forecasts? Working Paper, University of Washington.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Choi, J. H., and D. Ziebart. 2004. Management earnings forecasts and the market’s reaction to predicted bias in the forecast. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 11 (December): 167-192.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Choi, J. H., and R. Doogar. 2005. Auditor tenure and audit quality: Evidence from going concern qualifications issued during 1996-2001.Working Paper, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Choi, J. H., L. A. Myers, Y. Zang, and D. A. Ziebart. 2010. The roles that forecast surprise and forecast error play in determining management forecast precision. Accounting Horizons 24 (2): 165-188.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Chuk, E., D. A. Matsumoto, and G. S. Miller. 2009. Assessing methods of identifying management forecasts: CIG vs. Researcher Collected. Working Paper, University of Washington and University of Michigan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clarkson, P. M. 2000. Auditor quality and the accuracy of management earnings forecasts. Contemporary Accounting Research 17 (Winter): 595-622.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Clement, M., R. Frankel, and J. Miller. 2003. Confirming management earnings forecasts, earnings uncertainty, and stock returns. Journal of Accounting Research 41(4):653-679.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coller, M., and T. L. Yohn. 1997. Management forecasts and information asymmetry: An examination of bid-ask spreads. Journal of Accounting Research 35 (2): 181-191.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cotter, J., N. Lokman, and M. M. Najah. 2011. Voluntary disclosure research: Which theory is relevant? The Journal of Theoretical Accounting Research 6 (2): 77-95.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Craswell, A. T., J. R. Francis, and S. L. Taylor. 1995. Auditor brand name reputations and industry specializations. Journal of Accounting and Economics 20 (3): 297-322.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Danos, P., and J. Eichenseher. 1982. Audit industry dynamics: Factor affecting changes in clients-industry market shares. Journal of Accounting Research 20 (Autumn): 604-616.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Darrough, M. 1993. Disclosure policy and competition: Cournot vs. Bertrand. The Accounting Review 68: 534-562.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Davidson, R. A., and D. Neu. 1993. A note on the association between audit firm size and audit quality. Contemporary Accounting Research 9 (Spring): 479-488.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) DeAngelo, L. 1981. Auditor size and auditor quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3 (December): 183-199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dopuch, N., and D. Simunic. 1982. Competition in auditing: an assessment. Fourth symposium on auditing research, University of Illinois: 401-450.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Dunn, K. A., and B. W. Mayhew. 2004. Audit firm industry specialization and client disclosure quality. Review of Accounting Studies 9 (1): 35-58.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Elizabeth, L. D. 1981b. Audit size and audit quality. Journal of Accounting and Economics 3 (3): 183-199.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fang, V. W. 2009. The role of management forecast precision in predicting management forecast error. Working Paper, Rutgers University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Feng M., C. Li, and S. E. McVay. 2009. Internal control and management guidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics 48: 190-209.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Field, L., M. Lowry, and S. Shu. 2005. Does disclosure deter or trigger litigation? Journal of Accounting and Economics 39 (September): 487–507.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Firth, M., and A. Smith. 1992. The accuracy of profits forecast in initial public offering prospectuses. Journal of Accounting and Business Research 22 (Summer): 239-247.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Francis, J., D. Philbrick, and K. Schipper. 1994. Shareholder litigation and corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (2): 137-164.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Francis, J.R., K. Reichelt, and D. Wang. 2005. The pricing of national and city-specific reputations for industry expertise in the U.S. audit market. The Accounting Review 80 (1): 113-136.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Frankel, R., M. McNichols, and G. P. Wilson. 1995. Discretionary disclosure and external financing. The Accounting Review 70 (1): 135-150.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gigler, F. 1994. Self-enforcing voluntary disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (Autumn): 224-241.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Graham, J. R., C. R. Harvey, and S. Rajgopal. 2005. The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics 40: 3-73.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gul, F. A., S. Y. K. Fung, and B. Jaggi. 2009. Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors` industry expertise. Journal of Accounting and Economics 47 (3): 265-287.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Healy, P. M., and K. G. Palepu. 2001. Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature. Journal of Accounting and Economics 31: 405-440.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hirst, D. E., L. L. Koonce, and S. Venkataraman. 2008. Management earnings forecasts: A review and framework. Accounting Horizons 22 (3): 315-338.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hirst, E., L. Koonce, and J. Miller. 1999. The joint effect of management’s prior forecast accuracy and the form of its financial forecasts on investor judgment. Journal of Accounting Research 37 (3): 101-124.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hogan, C., and D. Jeter. 1999. Industry specialization by auditors. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory 18 (Spring): 1-17.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hughes, J. S., and S. Pae. 2004. Voluntary disclosure of precision information. Journal of Accounting and Economics 37 (June): 261-289.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C., and W. H. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 3(4): 305-360.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Karamanou, I., and N. Vafeas. 2005. The association between corporate boards, audit committees, and management earnings forecasts: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (June): 453-486.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kasznik, R., and B. Lev. 1995. To warn or not to warn - Management disclosures in the face of an earnings surprise. The Accounting Review 70 (1): 113-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) King, R., G. Pownall, and G. Waymire. 1990. Expectations adjustment via timely management forecasts: Review, synthesis, and suggestions for future research. Journal of Accounting Literature 9: 145-182.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kothari, S. P., P. Wysocki, and S. Shu. 2009. Do managers withhold bad news? Journal of Accounting Research 47 (1): 241-276.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnan, G. V. 2003. Does big 6 auditor industry expertise constrain earnings management? Accounting Horizons 17: 1-16.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnan, G. V. 2005. The association between Big 6 auditor industry expertise and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance 20 (3): 209-28.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnan, G. V., M. Pevzner, and P. Sengupta. 2009. How do auditors view managers’ disclosure strategy? The effect of earnings guidance on audit fees. Working paper, George Mason University.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Krishnan, J. 2001. A comparison of auditor`s self-reported industry expertise and alternative measures of industry specialization. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics 8: 127-142.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lang, M., and R. Lundholm. 1993. Cross-sectional determinants of analyst ratings of corporate disclosures. Journal of Accounting Research 31 (2): 246-271.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Maletta, M., and A. Wright. 1996. Audit evidence planning: An examination of industry error characteristics. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 15 (Spring): 71-86.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Matsumoto, D. A. 2002. Management`s incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises. The Accounting Review 77 (3): 483-514.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Menon, K., and D. D. Williams. 1991. Auditor credibility and initial public offerings. The Accounting Review 66 (April): 313-332.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) National Investor Relations Institute (NIRI). Earnings Guidance. Executive Alert. December 19, 2002.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Neal, T. L., and R. R. Riley, Jr. 2004. Auditor industry specialist research design. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory 23 (2): 169-177.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Noe, C. F. 1999. Voluntary disclosures and insider transactions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 27 (3): 305-326.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) O’ Keefe, T. B., D. A. Simunic, and M. T. Stein, 1994. The production of audit services: Evidence from a major public accounting firm. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (2): 241-261.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) O’ Reilly, D. M., and J. T. Reisch. 2002. Industry specialization by audit firms: What does academic research tell us? The Ohio CPA Journal (July-September): 42-44.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Owhoso, V.E., W.F. Messier, Jr., and J.G. Lynch, Jr. 2002. Error detection by industry-specialized teams during sequential audit review. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (June): 883-900.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Palmrose, Z. 1986. Litigation and independence auditors: The role of business failures and management fraud. Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory (Fall):90-113.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pownall, G., and G. Waymire. 1989. Voluntary disclosure credibility and securities prices evidence from management earnings forecasts. Journal of Accounting Research 27 (Autumn): 85-105.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Pownall, G., C. Wasley, and G. Waymire. 1993. The stock price effects of alternative types of management earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 68 (October): 896-912.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Reynolds, J. K., and J. R. Francis. 2000. Does size matter? The influence of large clients on office-level: Auditor reporting decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30 (3): 375-400.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rogers, J., and P. Stocken. 2002. Credibility of management forecasts. Working Paper, University of Pennsylvania.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Runyan, B., and M. Smith. 2007. The effect of multi-nationality on the precision of management earnings forecasts. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Performance Evaluation 4 (6): 572-588.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Skinner, D. 1994. Why firms voluntarily disclose bad news. Journal of Accounting Research 32 (Spring): 38-60.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lee, S., S. R. Matsunaga, and C. W. Park. 2010. Management forecast accuracy and CEO turnover. Working Paper, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Oregon and University of Hong Kong.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, X., and D.A. Simunic. 2005. Profit sharing in an auditing oligopoly. The Accounting Review 80 (2): 677-702.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Tan, H., R. Libby, and J. Hunton. 2002. Analysts’ reaction to earnings preannouncement strategies. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (March): 223-246.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Teoh, S.H., and T.J. Wong. 1993. Perceived auditor quality and the earnings response coefficient. The Accounting Review 68 (April): 346-366.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Trueman, B. 1986. Why do managers voluntarily release earnings forecasts? Journal of Accounting and Economics 8 (1): 53-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Watkins, A.L., W. Hillison, and S.E. Morecroft. 2004. Audit quality: A synthesis of theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Accounting Literature 23: 153-193.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Waymire, G. 1985. Earnings volatility and voluntary management forecast disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research (Spring): 268-295.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Williams, P. A. 1996. The relation between a prior earnings forecast by management and analyst response to a current management forecast. The Accounting Review 71 (1): 103-115.zh_TW