學術產出-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

政大圖書館

Citation Infomation

  • No doi shows Citation Infomation
題名 公司規模及產業競爭對於CEO現金薪酬與 正、負股票報酬不對稱關聯性之研究
The effect of firm size and industry competition on asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returns
作者 王姿惠
貢獻者 張清福
王姿惠
關鍵詞 CEO現金薪酬
薪酬績效敏感性
公司規模
產業競爭程度
CEO cash compensation
Pay-performance sensitivity
Firm size
Industry competition
日期 2010
上傳時間 29-Sep-2011 16:39:02 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討公司規模及產業競爭對CEO現金薪酬與股票報酬敏感性之影響。根據Leone et al. (2006)之研究,認為依未實現利得而給付之現金薪酬將產生事後交割成本,未實現損失可能遞延CEO之決策責任。由於未實現損益可反映至股票報酬上,因此有效率的現金薪酬契約對含有未實現利得之正股票報酬的敏感性低於含有未實現損失之負股票報酬,顯示現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬之敏感性呈現不對稱關係。本研究以此文獻作延伸,探究CEO現金薪酬與股票報酬之敏感關聯性及其不對稱性關係是否受公司規模與產業競爭之影響。

以ExecuComp資料庫2000年至2009年的CEO現金薪酬樣本進行迴歸分析,結果發現公司規模愈大,現金薪酬對市場績效之敏感性愈大,顯示為避免CEO從事會計盈餘管理,公司現金薪酬之給付更著重於市場績效之衡量;產業競爭方面,產業競爭愈激烈,現金薪酬與市場績效之敏感性愈小,符合風險差異化假說。關於CEO現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬敏感性之不對稱關係,實證結果顯示大規模公司及產業競爭程度較高者對CEO決策之審慎性更加要求,因此CEO現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬敏感性之不對稱的差距愈大。
This study investigates the effect of firm size and industry competition on the asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to the stock returns. Leone et al. (2006) shows that since stock returns include both unrealized gains and losses, cash compensation would be less sensitive to stock returns when returns contains unrealized gains (positive returns) than when returns contain unrealized losses (negative returns). As an extension, this study examines whether firm size and industry competition affect the sensitivity of cash compensation to market performance and the asymmetry of sensitivity of cash compensation to stock returns.

Based on the CEO cash compensation during 2000 and 2009 from ExecuComp database, the empirical results show that the firm size has positive effect on sensitivity of cash compensation to market performance while the industry competition has negative effect. Moreover, the asymmetry of sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returns increases as firm size and industry competition increase.
參考文獻 一、中文部分
白慧平,1991,公司特性與高階主管薪酬制度關係研究,私立東吳大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
江佳明,2001,公司成長、規模及負債與高階主管獎酬績效敏感性之實證研究,國立中正大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
李傳儒,2000,產業競爭程度與高階主管變動及盈餘管理關聯性之研究,國立中正大學會計學研究所碩士論文。
林穎芬,1989,民營企業最高主管報償與公司績效之研究,國立中山大學企業管理學研究所碩士論文。
施念恕,1996,會計盈餘、股價與高階主管薪酬之相關性研究,國立中興大學會計研究所碩士論文。
洪玉舜,2005,績效衡量指標在高階主管薪酬契約中之相對重要性,國立臺灣大學會計學研究所博士論文。
陳正倉與林惠玲,1997,台灣產業集中度水準及其變動之研究,經濟論文叢刊,第25卷,,第3期: 335-367。
楊朝旭,2004,產品市場競爭可否降低公司內部治理機制不佳所導致的代理成本?,管理學報,第21卷,第2期: 153-173。
楊朝旭與吳幸蓁,2003,總經理薪酬績效敏感性、績效門檻與盈餘管理關聯性之研究,會計評論,第36期: 55-87。
雷水圳,2002,產業集中度指標之衡量:台灣地區製造業民國65-85年之實證研究,天主教輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。
二、英文部分
Adolph, A. B. and G. C. Means. 1932. The Modern Corporate and Private Property. New York: Macmillan.
Agarwal, N. 1981. Determinants of Executive Compensation. Industrial Relations 20: 36-46.
Alexander, D. L. and H. Zhou. 1995. Product-Market Competition and Executive Compensation. Journal of Economics and Business 47: 441-456.
Anderson, M. C., R. D. Banker, and S. Ravindran. 1999. Interrelations between Components of Executives’ Compensation and Market and Accounting Based Performance Measures. Working paper, School of Management, the University of Texas.
Antle, R. and A. Smith. 1986. An Empirical Investigation of the Relative Performance Evaluation of Corporate Executives. Journal of Accounting Research 24: 1-39.
Arrow, K. J. 1985. Informational Structure of the Firm. The American Economic Review 75: 303-307.
Baber, W., S. Janakiraman, and S. Kang. 1996. Investment Opportunities and the Structure of Executive Compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 21: 297-318.
Beaver, W. H., R. Clarke, and K. F. Wright. 1979. The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors. Journal of Accounting Research: 316-340.
Bergen, M., S. Dutta, and O. C. Walker. Jr. 1992. Agency Relationships in Marketing: A Review of the Implications and Applications of Agency and Related Theories. Journal of Marketing 56: 1-24.
Bushman, R. and A. Smith. 2001. Financial Accounting Information and Corporate Governance. Journal of Accounting Economics 32: 237-333.
Bushman, R., R. Indjejikian, and A. Smith. 1996. CEO Compensation: The Role of Individual Performance Evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 21: 161-93.
Cahan, S., F. Chua, and R. Nyamori. 2005. Board Structure and Executive Compensation in the Public Sector. Financial Accountability & Management 21: 437-465.
Collins, D. W. and S. P. Kothari. 1989. An Analysis of Inter Empirical and Cross-Sectional Determinates of Earning Response Coefficients. Journal of Accounting and Economics 11: 141-181.
Conyon, M. 1997. Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation. International Journal of Industrial Organization 15: 493-510.
Cosh, A. 1975. The Remuneration of Chief Executives in the United Kingdom. Economics Journal 85: 75-94.
Coughlan, A. T. and R. M. Schmidt. 1985. Executive Compensation, Management Turnover, and Firm Performance: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 7: 43-66.
Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Agency theory:an Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review 14: 57-74.
Fama, E. F. 1980. Agency Problems and Theory of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy 88: 288-307.
Fama, E. F. and M.C. Jensen. 1983. Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics 26: 301-325.
Finkelstein, S. and D. C. Hambrick. 1988. Chief Executive Compensation: A Synthesis and Reconciliation. Strategic Management Journal 9: 543-558.
Finkelstein, S. and D. Hambrick. 1989. Chief Executive Compensation: a Study of the Intersection of Markets and Political Processes. Strategic Management Journal 10: 121-134.
Fox, H. 1983. Top Executives’ Compensation. The Conference Board. New York.
Freedman, S. R., R. T. Keller, and J. R. Montanari. 1982. The Compensation Program: Balancing Organizational and Employee Needs. Compensation Review 14: 47-53.
Gerhart, B. and G. T. Milkovich. 1990. Organizational Differences in Managerial Compensation and Financial Performance. The Academy of Management Journal 33: 663-691.
Gibbons, R. and K. J. Murphy. 1990. Relative Performance Evaluation for Chief Executive Officers. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43: 30-51.
Gomez, M., R. Luis R, and R. M. Wiseman. 1998. A Behavioral Agency Model of Managerial Risk Taking. Academy of Management Review 23: 133-153.
Grossman, S. and O. Hart. 1983. An Analysis of the Principal-Agent Problem. Econometrica 51: 7-45.
Hart, O. D. 1983. The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme. The Bell Journal of Economics 14: 366-382.
Hill, C. W. and G. S. Hansen. 1989. Institutional Holdings and Corporate R&D Intensity in Research Intensive Industries. Academy of Management Proceedings: 17-21.
Holmstrom, B. 1979. Moral Hazard and Observability. Bell Journal of Economics 10: 74-91.
Jensen, M. C. and K. J. Murphy. 1990. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives. Journal of Political Economy 98: 225-264.
Jensen, M. C. and W. H. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior-Agency Cost and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial and Economics 3: 305-360.
Kaplan, S. N. 1994. Top Executive Rewards and Firm Performance: a Comparison of Japan and the United States. The Journal of Political Economy 102: 510-546.
Kerr, J. and R. A. Bettis. 1987. Boards of Directors, Top Management Compensation, and Shareh. Academy of Management Journal 30: 645-664.
Lambert, R. and D. Larcker. 1987. An Analysis of the Use of Accounting and Market Measures of Performance in Executive Compensation Contracts. Journal of Accounting Research 25: 85-129.
Lambert, R. and D. Larcker. 1985. Executive Compensation, Corporate Decision-making and Shareholder Wealth: A Review of the Evidence. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 2: 6-22.
Larcker, D. F. 1983. The Association Between Performance Plan Adoption and Corporate Capital Investment. Journal of Accounting and Economics 5: 3-30.
Leibenstein, H. 1966. Allocative Efficiency vs. “X-Efficiency”. American Economic Review 56: 392-415.
Leone, A. J., J. S. Wu, and J. L. Zimmerman. 2006. Asymmetric sensitivity of CEO Cash Compensation to Stock Returns. Journal of Accounting Economics 42: 167-192.
Leone, A. J., J. S. Wu, and J. L. Zimmerman. 2003. Management Compensation and Accounting Conservatism. Working paper, University of Rochester.
Lewellen, W., C. Loderer, and K. Martin. 1987. Executive Compensation Contracts and Executive Incentive Problem: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Accounting and Economics 9: 287-310.
Lewellen, W. G. and B. Huntsman. 1970. Managerial Pay and Corporate Performance. American Economic Review 60: 710-720.
Lippert, R. and G. Porter. 1997. The Relationship between CEO Tenure and Pay-Performance Sensitivity. Journal of Business Research 39: 127-138.
Liu, W. N. and S. J. Chen. 2002. The Moderating Effects of Product Market Competition on Executive Compensation. Sun Yat-Sen Management Review: 115-134.
Machlup, F. 1967. Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial. The American Economic Review 57: 1-33.
Masson, R. T. 1971. Executive Motivations, Earnings, and Consequent Equity Performance. Journal of Political Economy 79: 1278-1292.
Mathis, R. L. and J. H. Jackson. 2003. Human Resource Management. Thomson south-western, USA.
Mehran, H. 1995. Executive Compensation Structure, Ownership, and Firm Performance. Journal of Financial Economics 38: 163-184.
Milkovich, G. T. and J. M. Newman. 2002. Compensation. McGraw-Hill.
Mondy, R. W., and R. M. Noe. 1993. Human Resource Management. USA: A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc.
Murphy, K. 1999. Executive Compensation. In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by O. Ashenfelter and D. Carl. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
Myers, S. 1977, Determinants of Corporate Borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics 5: 147-175.
Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: Free Press.
Rappaport, A. 1986. Creating Shareholder Value: The New Standard for Business Performance. New York, Free Press.
Sapp, S. G. 2008. The Impact of Corporate Governance on Executive Compensation. European Financial Management 14(4): 710-746.
Schaefer, S. 1998. The Dependence of Pay-Performance Sensitivity on the Size of the Firm. The Review of Economics and Statistics: 436-443.
Scharfstein, D. 1988. Product-Market Competition and Managerial Slack. Rand Journal of Economics 19: 147-155.
Schmidt, K. 1997. Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition. Review of Economics Studies 64 191-213.
Shepherd, W. G. 2004. The Economics of Industrial Organization. Prentice-Hall.
Shleifer, A. and R.W. Vishny. 1997. Management Entrenchment: The Case of Manager Specific Investments. Journal of Financial Economics 25: 123-139.
Simon, H. A. 1957. Compensation of Executives. Sociometry 20: 123-139.
Sloan, R. 1993. Accounting Earnings and Top Executive Compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 16: 55-100.
Warner, J., J. Watts, and K. Wruck. 1988. Stock Price and Top Management Changes. Journal of Financial Economics 20: 461-492.
Watts, R. and J. L. Zimmerman. 1986. Positive Theory of Accounting. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Watts, R. L., and J. L. Zimmerman. 1978. Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review 53: 112-134.
Wunsch, A. 1992. The Effect of Executive Compensation Policy on Long-Term Investment Expenditures of Large Corporations. U.M.I.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
98353027
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353027
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張清福zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王姿惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 王姿惠zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 29-Sep-2011 16:39:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 29-Sep-2011 16:39:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 29-Sep-2011 16:39:02 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098353027en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/50781-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98353027zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討公司規模及產業競爭對CEO現金薪酬與股票報酬敏感性之影響。根據Leone et al. (2006)之研究,認為依未實現利得而給付之現金薪酬將產生事後交割成本,未實現損失可能遞延CEO之決策責任。由於未實現損益可反映至股票報酬上,因此有效率的現金薪酬契約對含有未實現利得之正股票報酬的敏感性低於含有未實現損失之負股票報酬,顯示現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬之敏感性呈現不對稱關係。本研究以此文獻作延伸,探究CEO現金薪酬與股票報酬之敏感關聯性及其不對稱性關係是否受公司規模與產業競爭之影響。

以ExecuComp資料庫2000年至2009年的CEO現金薪酬樣本進行迴歸分析,結果發現公司規模愈大,現金薪酬對市場績效之敏感性愈大,顯示為避免CEO從事會計盈餘管理,公司現金薪酬之給付更著重於市場績效之衡量;產業競爭方面,產業競爭愈激烈,現金薪酬與市場績效之敏感性愈小,符合風險差異化假說。關於CEO現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬敏感性之不對稱關係,實證結果顯示大規模公司及產業競爭程度較高者對CEO決策之審慎性更加要求,因此CEO現金薪酬與正、負股票報酬敏感性之不對稱的差距愈大。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study investigates the effect of firm size and industry competition on the asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to the stock returns. Leone et al. (2006) shows that since stock returns include both unrealized gains and losses, cash compensation would be less sensitive to stock returns when returns contains unrealized gains (positive returns) than when returns contain unrealized losses (negative returns). As an extension, this study examines whether firm size and industry competition affect the sensitivity of cash compensation to market performance and the asymmetry of sensitivity of cash compensation to stock returns.

Based on the CEO cash compensation during 2000 and 2009 from ExecuComp database, the empirical results show that the firm size has positive effect on sensitivity of cash compensation to market performance while the industry competition has negative effect. Moreover, the asymmetry of sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returns increases as firm size and industry competition increase.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 論文架構 4
第貳章 文獻探討 6
第一節 代理理論 6
第二節 薪酬制度 9
第三節 高階經理人薪酬之績效衡量指標 13
第四節 公司規模與產業競爭對高階經理人薪酬之影響 19
第参章 研究設計 25
第一節 研究架構 25
第二節 研究假說 26
第三節 實證模型 31
第四節 變數定義與衡量 40
第五節 樣本選取與資料來源 45
第肆章 實證結果與分析 51
第一節 敘述性統計分析 51
第二節 相關性分析 57
第三節 多元迴歸分析 59
第伍章 結論與建議 68
第一節 研究結論 68
第二節 研究限制與建議 69
參考文獻 71
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353027en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CEO現金薪酬zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 薪酬績效敏感性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公司規模zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業競爭程度zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) CEO cash compensationen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Pay-performance sensitivityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Firm sizeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry competitionen_US
dc.title (題名) 公司規模及產業競爭對於CEO現金薪酬與 正、負股票報酬不對稱關聯性之研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The effect of firm size and industry competition on asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returnsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 白慧平,1991,公司特性與高階主管薪酬制度關係研究,私立東吳大學會計學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 江佳明,2001,公司成長、規模及負債與高階主管獎酬績效敏感性之實證研究,國立中正大學會計學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 李傳儒,2000,產業競爭程度與高階主管變動及盈餘管理關聯性之研究,國立中正大學會計學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 林穎芬,1989,民營企業最高主管報償與公司績效之研究,國立中山大學企業管理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 施念恕,1996,會計盈餘、股價與高階主管薪酬之相關性研究,國立中興大學會計研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 洪玉舜,2005,績效衡量指標在高階主管薪酬契約中之相對重要性,國立臺灣大學會計學研究所博士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 陳正倉與林惠玲,1997,台灣產業集中度水準及其變動之研究,經濟論文叢刊,第25卷,,第3期: 335-367。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊朝旭,2004,產品市場競爭可否降低公司內部治理機制不佳所導致的代理成本?,管理學報,第21卷,第2期: 153-173。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 楊朝旭與吳幸蓁,2003,總經理薪酬績效敏感性、績效門檻與盈餘管理關聯性之研究,會計評論,第36期: 55-87。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 雷水圳,2002,產業集中度指標之衡量:台灣地區製造業民國65-85年之實證研究,天主教輔仁大學管理學研究所碩士論文。zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、英文部分zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adolph, A. B. and G. C. Means. 1932. The Modern Corporate and Private Property. New York: Macmillan.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Agarwal, N. 1981. Determinants of Executive Compensation. Industrial Relations 20: 36-46.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Alexander, D. L. and H. Zhou. 1995. Product-Market Competition and Executive Compensation. Journal of Economics and Business 47: 441-456.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Anderson, M. C., R. D. Banker, and S. Ravindran. 1999. Interrelations between Components of Executives’ Compensation and Market and Accounting Based Performance Measures. Working paper, School of Management, the University of Texas.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Antle, R. and A. Smith. 1986. An Empirical Investigation of the Relative Performance Evaluation of Corporate Executives. Journal of Accounting Research 24: 1-39.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Arrow, K. J. 1985. Informational Structure of the Firm. The American Economic Review 75: 303-307.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Baber, W., S. Janakiraman, and S. Kang. 1996. Investment Opportunities and the Structure of Executive Compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 21: 297-318.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Beaver, W. H., R. Clarke, and K. F. Wright. 1979. The Association between Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings Forecast Errors. Journal of Accounting Research: 316-340.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bergen, M., S. Dutta, and O. C. Walker. Jr. 1992. Agency Relationships in Marketing: A Review of the Implications and Applications of Agency and Related Theories. Journal of Marketing 56: 1-24.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bushman, R. and A. Smith. 2001. Financial Accounting Information and Corporate Governance. Journal of Accounting Economics 32: 237-333.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bushman, R., R. Indjejikian, and A. Smith. 1996. CEO Compensation: The Role of Individual Performance Evaluation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 21: 161-93.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cahan, S., F. Chua, and R. Nyamori. 2005. Board Structure and Executive Compensation in the Public Sector. Financial Accountability & Management 21: 437-465.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Collins, D. W. and S. P. Kothari. 1989. An Analysis of Inter Empirical and Cross-Sectional Determinates of Earning Response Coefficients. Journal of Accounting and Economics 11: 141-181.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Conyon, M. 1997. Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation. International Journal of Industrial Organization 15: 493-510.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Cosh, A. 1975. The Remuneration of Chief Executives in the United Kingdom. Economics Journal 85: 75-94.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Coughlan, A. T. and R. M. Schmidt. 1985. Executive Compensation, Management Turnover, and Firm Performance: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 7: 43-66.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. Agency theory:an Assessment and Review. Academy of Management Review 14: 57-74.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E. F. 1980. Agency Problems and Theory of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy 88: 288-307.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fama, E. F. and M.C. Jensen. 1983. Separation of Ownership and Control. Journal of Law and Economics 26: 301-325.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Finkelstein, S. and D. C. Hambrick. 1988. Chief Executive Compensation: A Synthesis and Reconciliation. Strategic Management Journal 9: 543-558.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Finkelstein, S. and D. Hambrick. 1989. Chief Executive Compensation: a Study of the Intersection of Markets and Political Processes. Strategic Management Journal 10: 121-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Fox, H. 1983. Top Executives’ Compensation. The Conference Board. New York.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Freedman, S. R., R. T. Keller, and J. R. Montanari. 1982. The Compensation Program: Balancing Organizational and Employee Needs. Compensation Review 14: 47-53.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gerhart, B. and G. T. Milkovich. 1990. Organizational Differences in Managerial Compensation and Financial Performance. The Academy of Management Journal 33: 663-691.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gibbons, R. and K. J. Murphy. 1990. Relative Performance Evaluation for Chief Executive Officers. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 43: 30-51.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Gomez, M., R. Luis R, and R. M. Wiseman. 1998. A Behavioral Agency Model of Managerial Risk Taking. Academy of Management Review 23: 133-153.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Grossman, S. and O. Hart. 1983. An Analysis of the Principal-Agent Problem. Econometrica 51: 7-45.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hart, O. D. 1983. The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme. The Bell Journal of Economics 14: 366-382.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Hill, C. W. and G. S. Hansen. 1989. Institutional Holdings and Corporate R&D Intensity in Research Intensive Industries. Academy of Management Proceedings: 17-21.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Holmstrom, B. 1979. Moral Hazard and Observability. Bell Journal of Economics 10: 74-91.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C. and K. J. Murphy. 1990. Performance Pay and Top-Management Incentives. Journal of Political Economy 98: 225-264.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Jensen, M. C. and W. H. Meckling. 1976. Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior-Agency Cost and Ownership Structure. Journal of Financial and Economics 3: 305-360.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kaplan, S. N. 1994. Top Executive Rewards and Firm Performance: a Comparison of Japan and the United States. The Journal of Political Economy 102: 510-546.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Kerr, J. and R. A. Bettis. 1987. Boards of Directors, Top Management Compensation, and Shareh. Academy of Management Journal 30: 645-664.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lambert, R. and D. Larcker. 1987. An Analysis of the Use of Accounting and Market Measures of Performance in Executive Compensation Contracts. Journal of Accounting Research 25: 85-129.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lambert, R. and D. Larcker. 1985. Executive Compensation, Corporate Decision-making and Shareholder Wealth: A Review of the Evidence. Midland Corporate Finance Journal 2: 6-22.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Larcker, D. F. 1983. The Association Between Performance Plan Adoption and Corporate Capital Investment. Journal of Accounting and Economics 5: 3-30.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leibenstein, H. 1966. Allocative Efficiency vs. “X-Efficiency”. American Economic Review 56: 392-415.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leone, A. J., J. S. Wu, and J. L. Zimmerman. 2006. Asymmetric sensitivity of CEO Cash Compensation to Stock Returns. Journal of Accounting Economics 42: 167-192.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Leone, A. J., J. S. Wu, and J. L. Zimmerman. 2003. Management Compensation and Accounting Conservatism. Working paper, University of Rochester.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lewellen, W., C. Loderer, and K. Martin. 1987. Executive Compensation Contracts and Executive Incentive Problem: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Accounting and Economics 9: 287-310.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lewellen, W. G. and B. Huntsman. 1970. Managerial Pay and Corporate Performance. American Economic Review 60: 710-720.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Lippert, R. and G. Porter. 1997. The Relationship between CEO Tenure and Pay-Performance Sensitivity. Journal of Business Research 39: 127-138.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Liu, W. N. and S. J. Chen. 2002. The Moderating Effects of Product Market Competition on Executive Compensation. Sun Yat-Sen Management Review: 115-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Machlup, F. 1967. Theories of the Firm: Marginalist, Behavioral, Managerial. The American Economic Review 57: 1-33.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Masson, R. T. 1971. Executive Motivations, Earnings, and Consequent Equity Performance. Journal of Political Economy 79: 1278-1292.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mathis, R. L. and J. H. Jackson. 2003. Human Resource Management. Thomson south-western, USA.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mehran, H. 1995. Executive Compensation Structure, Ownership, and Firm Performance. Journal of Financial Economics 38: 163-184.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Milkovich, G. T. and J. M. Newman. 2002. Compensation. McGraw-Hill.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Mondy, R. W., and R. M. Noe. 1993. Human Resource Management. USA: A Division of Simon & Schuster Inc.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Murphy, K. 1999. Executive Compensation. In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by O. Ashenfelter and D. Carl. North-Holland, Amsterdam.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Myers, S. 1977, Determinants of Corporate Borrowing. Journal of Financial Economics 5: 147-175.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. New York: Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Rappaport, A. 1986. Creating Shareholder Value: The New Standard for Business Performance. New York, Free Press.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sapp, S. G. 2008. The Impact of Corporate Governance on Executive Compensation. European Financial Management 14(4): 710-746.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schaefer, S. 1998. The Dependence of Pay-Performance Sensitivity on the Size of the Firm. The Review of Economics and Statistics: 436-443.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Scharfstein, D. 1988. Product-Market Competition and Managerial Slack. Rand Journal of Economics 19: 147-155.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Schmidt, K. 1997. Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition. Review of Economics Studies 64 191-213.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shepherd, W. G. 2004. The Economics of Industrial Organization. Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Shleifer, A. and R.W. Vishny. 1997. Management Entrenchment: The Case of Manager Specific Investments. Journal of Financial Economics 25: 123-139.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Simon, H. A. 1957. Compensation of Executives. Sociometry 20: 123-139.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Sloan, R. 1993. Accounting Earnings and Top Executive Compensation. Journal of Accounting and Economics 16: 55-100.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Warner, J., J. Watts, and K. Wruck. 1988. Stock Price and Top Management Changes. Journal of Financial Economics 20: 461-492.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Watts, R. and J. L. Zimmerman. 1986. Positive Theory of Accounting. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Watts, R. L., and J. L. Zimmerman. 1978. Towards a positive theory of the determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review 53: 112-134.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Wunsch, A. 1992. The Effect of Executive Compensation Policy on Long-Term Investment Expenditures of Large Corporations. U.M.I.zh_TW