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題名 柏格森對亞里斯多德場所觀的批判
Bergson’s critics on Aristotlian idea of place
作者 吳佳惠
Wu, Chia Hui
貢獻者 黃冠閔
Huang, Kuan Min
吳佳惠
Wu, Chia Hui
關鍵詞 柏格森
亞里斯多德
空間
場所
Bergson
Aristotle
Space
Place
日期 2011
上傳時間 12-Apr-2012 14:11:07 (UTC+8)
摘要 《亞里斯多德場所觀》一文是柏格森在1889年寫作的論文，筆者會以此文為題，一方面是由於對柏格森哲學的興趣，一方面乃是對強調綿延和時間的柏格森，會在早期著作中對亞里斯多德的場所觀進行討論的原因產生好奇。因此，本文由探討柏格森如何討論亞里斯多德的場所開始，企圖了解柏格森為何如此討論亞里斯多德的場所、有何看法及其批評背後的理由。
     為了解柏格森討論亞里斯多德背後的理由，本論文分為五個部分討論：第一個部分為導論，先介紹柏拉圖的空間 ( chôra ) 觀，而後陳述亞里斯多德的場所 ( topos ) ，對空間與場所議題作一個概略式的理解。從第一章開始，會隨著柏格森對亞里斯多德場所的分析，一步步分析出亞里斯多德的場所觀。首先，討論柏格森對亞里斯多德場所設定的討論，排除一些不屬於場所的東西。而在排除不屬於場所的東西後，第二章討論柏格森所推導出的亞里斯多德的場所的定義，以及柏格森所提出的問題和批評，而後，柏格森認為亞里斯多德的場所就是空間的結論。接著，筆者參考柏格森在1990年寫的《意識的直接與料》、《物質與記憶》、《形上學導論》，以及康德與萊布尼茲的說法，在第三章進一步對柏格森所理解的空間進行探討與再思考。最後，在結論的部分，說明筆者認為柏格森討論亞里斯多德的場所的理由，並引入德勒茲的詮釋，初探在德勒茲的詮釋下，柏格森哲學的另一種面向。
“Aristotle’s concept of place” is an essay that Bergson wrote in 1889. I take this article as the theme of my essay, partly to my interest in the philosophy of Bergson; on the other hand, to my curious about Bergson’s reason to wrote this article. Why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place in the early work？So, I start from the way how Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place, attempt to realize Bergson’s view of it, and the reason why Bergson discussed it.
     For realizing the reason, I will discuss it in five parts. The first part is the introduction, in which I introduce Plato’s concept of “space” ( chôra ), and discuss Aristotle’s concept of “place” ( topos ). Then, start from the Chapter Ι, I will follow to Bergson’s analyze to the concept of Aristotle’ place, and I will inference the place of Aristotle step by step. First, I will discuss the hypothesis of Aristotle’s place, and exclude some characters which not belong to Aristotle’s place. Then, in the Chapter Ⅱ, I will discuss the definition of Aristotle’s place which inference by Bergson, and the problem and critic of Bergson. And, Bergson thought Aristotle’s concept of place is space. Again, I refer to Bergson’ work like Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and the Introduction of Metaphysics. And otherwise, I will refer to the openion of Kant and Leibniz, too, in order to discuss and reflect the further means of Bergson’s space in the Chapter Ⅲ. Finally, in the conclusion, I will return to my curious about why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place. Then, I will sketch in the interpretation of Deleuze, in order to see another feature of Bergson’s philosophy.
參考文獻 一、 原典：
1. 柏格森著作與譯本：
‧ Bergson, Henri. L’idée de lieu - chez Aristote ( 1948 ) , tr. by M. Robert Mossé-Bastide, in Mélange. Paris : PUF, 1972.
- 翻譯於Bergson, Henri. Quid Aristoteles de loco senserit. Lutetiae Parisiorum: edebat F. Alcan, 1889.
- 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. Aristotle’s concept of place, in Studies in philosophy and the history of philosophy, volume 5, tr. by John K.Ryan, Washington, D.C.; The catholic university of America press, 1970. pp.13-71.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Essai sur les données immédiate de la conscience ( 1890 ), Paris : PUF, 1970.
- 英譯本：Bergson, Henri. Time and Free Will – an essay on the immediate data of consciousness, translated by F.L. Pogson, New York : Harper Torchbooks, 1960.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Cours Ⅱ – Leçons de morale, psychologie et métaphysique, Paris : PUF, 1992.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Cours Ⅲ – Leçons d’histoire de la philosophie moderne Théories de L’ame, Paris : PUF, 1995.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Matière et Mémoire – essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit ( 1896 ), Paris : PUF, 2008.
- 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory, translated by Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer, New York : Zone Books, 1988.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Introduction à la métaphysique, ( 1903 ), in La pensée et le mouvant ( 1859-1941 ), Paris : PUF, 1969.
- 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. The creative mind, translated by Mobelle L. Andison, New York : Greenwood press, 1976.
‧ Bergson, Henri. L`évolution créatrice. Paris: PUF, 1948.
‧ Bergson, Henri. Durée et simultanéité, à propos de la théorie d`Einstein. Paris: F. Alcan, 1922.
2. 亞里斯多德著作與譯本：
‧ Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle ( Collections English 1930 ). tr. by W. D. Ross. New York : Oxford, 1970.
‧ Aristotle. The Basic Works of Aristotle. tr. by Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.
‧ Aristotle. The Physics. tr. by Philip Henry Wicksteed, and Francis Macdonald Cornford. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1929.
‧ Aristotle. Aristotle`s Physics. tr. by Hippocrates George, Apostle. Grinnell, Iowa: Peripatetic Press, 1980.
‧ Aristote. Physique. tr. by Henri Carteron. Paris: Les Belles lettres, 1926.
‧ Aristotle. On the Heavens. tr. by W. K. C. Guthrie. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1960.
‧ Philoponus, John, and Simplicius. Corollaries on place and void / Against Philoponus on the eternity of the world. London: Duckworth, 1991.
‧ Philoponus, John, Simplicius, Paul Lettinck, and J. O. Urmson. Philoponus, on Aristotle Physics 5-8. with Simplicius, on Aristotle on the Void. London: Duckworth, 1994.
‧ Simplicius, and J. O. Urmson. On Aristotle`s Physics 4.1-5, 10-14. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1992.
3. 網路資料：
‧ 維基：Aristotle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle
‧Fr. Kenny`s version, Greek and English in parallel：ΑΡΙΣΤΟΤΗΛΟΥΣ, ΦΥΣΙΚΗΣ ΑΚΡΟΑΣΕΩΣ - Aristotle, Physics（希臘文與英文對照版）
http://www.kennydominican.joyeurs.com/GreekClassics/AristotlePhysics.htm
‧ Aristotle. De caelo. tr. by J. Barthelemy-Saint-Hilaire. Paris : Librairie Philosophique de Ladrange, 1866.
http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/philosophes/Aristote/ciel1.htm
‧ Aristotle. Aristotelis Opera. tr. by Immanuel Bekker, Friedrich Sylburg, and Karl F. Neumann. Oxonii: e Typographeo academico, 1837.
http://isnature.org/Files/Aristotle/（希臘文）
‧ 維基：Plato
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato
‧ Plato. Plato`s Republic: The Greek. Benjamin Jowett, and Lewis Campbell. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1894. （希臘文與英文對照版）
http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/physis/plato-timaeus/default.asp
‧ Plato. The Dialogues of Plato. tr. by Benjamin Jowett. New York: Macmillan and co, 1892.
http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=767&chapter=93827&layout=html&Itemid=27
二、 二手文獻：
1. 工具書：
‧ Borchert, Donald M. Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Detroit: Thomson Gale/Macmillan Reference USA, 2006.
‧ Glare, P. G. W. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1982.
‧ Simpson, J. A., and E. S. C. Weiner. The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
2. 專書：
‧ Algra, Keimpe. Concepts of space in Greek thought. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995.
‧ Bergson, Deleuze, la phénomeńologie. Annales bergsoniennes 2. Paris: PUF, 2004.
‧ Blumenthal, H. J. Soul and Intellect: Studies in Plotinus and Later Neoplatonism. Aldershot, Hampshire, Great Britain: Variorum, 1993.
‧ Casey, Edward S. The Fate of Place A Philosophical History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.
‧ Deleuze, Gilles. Bergsonism. New York: Zone Books, 1988.
‧ Henry Bergson – Key Writings, New York : Continuum, 2002.
‧ Kant, Immanuel. Immanuel Kant`s Critique of Pure Reason. tr. by Norman Kemp Smith. London: Macmillan, 1929.
‧ Lacey, A. R. Bergson. London: Routledge, 1993.
‧ Lang, Helen S. The Order of Nature in Aristotle`s Physics: Place and the Elements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
‧ Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. La monadologie. tr. by Clodius Piat. Paris: V. Lecoffre, 1900.
‧ Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Theodicy: Essays on the Goodness of God, the Freedom of Man, and the Origin of Evil. tr. by Austin Marsden Farrer. Charleston, S.C.: BiblioBazaar, 2007.
‧ Les études bergsoniennes. Paris: Albin Michel, 1948.
‧ Morison, Benjamin. On Location: Aristotle`s Concept of Place. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
‧ Mullarkey, John. Bergson and Philosophy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.
‧ Plato. The Collected Dialogues of Plato, Including the Letters. tr. by Edith Hamilton, and Huntington Cairns. New York: Pantheon Books, 1961.
‧ Plato. Complete Works. tr. by John M. Cooper, and D. S. Hutchinson. Indianapolis, Ind: Hackett Pub, 1997.
‧ Pradeau, Jean-François. L`imitation du principe: Plotin et la participation. Paris: Vrin, 2003.
‧ Thomas. Physiques d`Aristote: commentaire de Thomas d`Aquin. tr. by Guy-François Delaporte. Paris: L`Harmattan, 2008.
‧ 苗力田主編：《亞里斯多德全集》。北京：中國人民大學出版社，1997。
‧ 柏拉圖著，謝文郁譯：《蒂邁歐篇》。上海：上海人民出版社，2005。
‧ 康德著，鄧曉芒譯，楊祖陶校：《純粹理性批判》。北京：北京人民出版社，2004。
‧ 萊布尼茲著，朱雁冰譯：《神義論》。北京：三聯書店，2007。
‧ 劉若瑀：《劉若瑀的三十六堂表演課》。台北：天下遠見出版股份有限公司，2011。
‧ 錢穆：《莊子纂箋》。台北：東大圖書公司，2006。
3. 專文：
‧ Marcello Zanatta : La théorie aristotélicienne du lieu selon Bergson, in Henri Bergson : esprit et langage, Belgique: Mardaga, 1998.
‧ Mendell, Henry. 1987. Topoi on Topos: The Development of Aristotle`s Concept of Place.Phronesis. 32, no. 2 : 206 - 231.
4. 網路資料：
‧Cicero, Marcus Tullius. De natura deorum; Academica. tr. by H. Rackham London: W. Heinemann.
http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=1498064&pageno=16
‧Fieser, James, and Bradley H. Dowden. The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Martin, TN: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Pub, 1995. Internet resource.
http://www.iep.utm.edu/
‧ Leibniz’s exchange of papers with Samuel Clarke
http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/leibclar.html
‧ 楊凱麟論文平台
http://kailinyang.info/deleuze-TraditionalChinese.htm
5. 學位論文：
‧ 王銘：《知覺與身體行動─柏格森《物質與記憶》中「身體─影像」的論述策略》。華梵大學哲學研究所碩士論文，1998。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
哲學研究所
96154012
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096154012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 黃冠閔zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Huang, Kuan Minen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳佳惠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wu, Chia Huien_US
dc.creator (作者) 吳佳惠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Wu, Chia Huien_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 12-Apr-2012 14:11:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 12-Apr-2012 14:11:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 12-Apr-2012 14:11:07 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0096154012en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/52629-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 哲學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 96154012zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 《亞里斯多德場所觀》一文是柏格森在1889年寫作的論文，筆者會以此文為題，一方面是由於對柏格森哲學的興趣，一方面乃是對強調綿延和時間的柏格森，會在早期著作中對亞里斯多德的場所觀進行討論的原因產生好奇。因此，本文由探討柏格森如何討論亞里斯多德的場所開始，企圖了解柏格森為何如此討論亞里斯多德的場所、有何看法及其批評背後的理由。
     為了解柏格森討論亞里斯多德背後的理由，本論文分為五個部分討論：第一個部分為導論，先介紹柏拉圖的空間 ( chôra ) 觀，而後陳述亞里斯多德的場所 ( topos ) ，對空間與場所議題作一個概略式的理解。從第一章開始，會隨著柏格森對亞里斯多德場所的分析，一步步分析出亞里斯多德的場所觀。首先，討論柏格森對亞里斯多德場所設定的討論，排除一些不屬於場所的東西。而在排除不屬於場所的東西後，第二章討論柏格森所推導出的亞里斯多德的場所的定義，以及柏格森所提出的問題和批評，而後，柏格森認為亞里斯多德的場所就是空間的結論。接著，筆者參考柏格森在1990年寫的《意識的直接與料》、《物質與記憶》、《形上學導論》，以及康德與萊布尼茲的說法，在第三章進一步對柏格森所理解的空間進行探討與再思考。最後，在結論的部分，說明筆者認為柏格森討論亞里斯多德的場所的理由，並引入德勒茲的詮釋，初探在德勒茲的詮釋下，柏格森哲學的另一種面向。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) “Aristotle’s concept of place” is an essay that Bergson wrote in 1889. I take this article as the theme of my essay, partly to my interest in the philosophy of Bergson; on the other hand, to my curious about Bergson’s reason to wrote this article. Why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place in the early work？So, I start from the way how Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place, attempt to realize Bergson’s view of it, and the reason why Bergson discussed it.
     For realizing the reason, I will discuss it in five parts. The first part is the introduction, in which I introduce Plato’s concept of “space” ( chôra ), and discuss Aristotle’s concept of “place” ( topos ). Then, start from the Chapter Ι, I will follow to Bergson’s analyze to the concept of Aristotle’ place, and I will inference the place of Aristotle step by step. First, I will discuss the hypothesis of Aristotle’s place, and exclude some characters which not belong to Aristotle’s place. Then, in the Chapter Ⅱ, I will discuss the definition of Aristotle’s place which inference by Bergson, and the problem and critic of Bergson. And, Bergson thought Aristotle’s concept of place is space. Again, I refer to Bergson’ work like Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and the Introduction of Metaphysics. And otherwise, I will refer to the openion of Kant and Leibniz, too, in order to discuss and reflect the further means of Bergson’s space in the Chapter Ⅲ. Finally, in the conclusion, I will return to my curious about why Bergson discussed Aristotle’s concept of place. Then, I will sketch in the interpretation of Deleuze, in order to see another feature of Bergson’s philosophy.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 導論 …………………………………………………………………………… 1
     第一節 章節提述 …………………………………………………………… 1
     第二節 場所、空間相關議題的說明 ……………………………………… 4
     第一章 排除不屬於亞里斯多德場所觀的設定 …………………………… 9
     第一節 排除不屬於場所的設定 …………………………………………… 12
     第二節 場所與空的空間…………………………………………………… 21
     第二章　亞里斯多德場所的定義及場所觀的困難 …………………………… 29
     第一節 場所的定義 ………………………………………………………… 29
     第二節 柏格森對亞里斯多德場所觀的批評與空間觀的提出 …………… 41
     第三章 柏格森的空間觀 ……………………………………………………… 52
     第一節 空間作為一種區分原則與直觀形式 ……………………………… 52
     第二節 對柏格森空間觀的再思考 ………………………………………… 59
     結論 …………………………………………………………………………… 67
     
     附錄
     譯文：柏格森：《亞里斯多德的場所觀》………………………………… 75
      譯文說明 ………………………………………………………… 77
      譯文註腳書目與人名縮寫說明 ………………………………… 78
     
     參考文獻　………………………………………………………………… 138		zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0096154012en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 柏格森zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞里斯多德zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 空間zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 場所zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Bergsonen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Aristotleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Spaceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Placeen_US
dc.title (題名) 柏格森對亞里斯多德場所觀的批判zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Bergson’s critics on Aristotlian idea of placeen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、 原典：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 1. 柏格森著作與譯本：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. L’idée de lieu - chez Aristote ( 1948 ) , tr. by M. Robert Mossé-Bastide, in Mélange. Paris : PUF, 1972.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - 翻譯於Bergson, Henri. Quid Aristoteles de loco senserit. Lutetiae Parisiorum: edebat F. Alcan, 1889.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. Aristotle’s concept of place, in Studies in philosophy and the history of philosophy, volume 5, tr. by John K.Ryan, Washington, D.C.; The catholic university of America press, 1970. pp.13-71.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Essai sur les données immédiate de la conscience ( 1890 ), Paris : PUF, 1970.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - 英譯本：Bergson, Henri. Time and Free Will – an essay on the immediate data of consciousness, translated by F.L. Pogson, New York : Harper Torchbooks, 1960.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Cours Ⅱ – Leçons de morale, psychologie et métaphysique, Paris : PUF, 1992.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Cours Ⅲ – Leçons d’histoire de la philosophie moderne Théories de L’ame, Paris : PUF, 1995.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Matière et Mémoire – essai sur la relation du corps à l’esprit ( 1896 ), Paris : PUF, 2008.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. Matter and Memory, translated by Nancy Margaret Paul and W. Scott Palmer, New York : Zone Books, 1988.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Introduction à la métaphysique, ( 1903 ), in La pensée et le mouvant ( 1859-1941 ), Paris : PUF, 1969.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) - 英譯本： Bergson, Henri. The creative mind, translated by Mobelle L. Andison, New York : Greenwood press, 1976.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. L`évolution créatrice. Paris: PUF, 1948.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Bergson, Henri. Durée et simultanéité, à propos de la théorie d`Einstein. Paris: F. Alcan, 1922.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 2. 亞里斯多德著作與譯本：zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle ( Collections English 1930 ). tr. by W. D. Ross. New York : Oxford, 1970.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristotle. The Basic Works of Aristotle. tr. by Richard McKeon. New York: Random House, 1941.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristotle. The Physics. tr. by Philip Henry Wicksteed, and Francis Macdonald Cornford. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1929.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristotle. Aristotle`s Physics. tr. by Hippocrates George, Apostle. Grinnell, Iowa: Peripatetic Press, 1980.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristote. Physique. tr. by Henri Carteron. Paris: Les Belles lettres, 1926.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Aristotle. On the Heavens. tr. by W. K. C. Guthrie. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1960.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Philoponus, John, and Simplicius. Corollaries on place and void / Against Philoponus on the eternity of the world. London: Duckworth, 1991.zh_TW
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ Philoponus, John, Simplicius, Paul Lettinck, and J. O. Urmson. Philoponus, on Aristotle Physics 5-8. with Simplicius, on Aristotle on the Void. London: Duckworth, 1994.zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 二、 二手文獻：zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) ‧ 楊凱麟論文平台zh_TW
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dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 5. 學位論文：zh_TW
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