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題名 創意中介回應制約限制:以聯合報太陽劇團巡演為例
Creative brokering:how golden media respond to local constraints
作者 蔣能旺
Chiang, Neng Wang
貢獻者 蕭瑞麟
蔣能旺
Chiang, Neng Wang
關鍵詞 活動產業
中介
制約
創意回應
日期 2011
上傳時間 24-Oct-2012 16:08:08 (UTC+8)
摘要 創新不僅止於發明的程序。形塑的過程中,創新者必須嘗試與不同的社會成員互動,以取得必要的發展資源,支應創新的成型(Rogers, 2006)。但各類社會制約的限制,往往影響創新的成型(Scott, 2001)。因此,了解如何在制約劣勢之下發展創新,尤甚重要。過往研究發現,創新者面對制約,傳統問題解決(problem-solving)的思維不易奏效。這是因為,制約根深蒂固於情境(context),難以預防,創新者往往難以個體之力排除(Dougherty, 2008)。反之,創新者必須在限制情境下發展作為,以創意回應制約阻力(oliver, 1991; Suchman, 1995; 陳蕙芬, 2010)。
     
     然而,過往創新理論在分析回應作為時,中介者的角色是較少著墨之處。但本研究主張,中介者(broker)在社會中扮演網絡資源嫁接者角色(Burt, 1992)。因此,面對制約限制時,中介者可透過與外部網絡互動,建立妥適的合作關係,而得以「借力使力」,調適回應情境中制約。例如文創系統中的活動商、經紀商、策展人等,常扮演專案過程中資源整合角色,與不同網路群體互動,以取得必要的資源支持專案發展。因此,本研究嘗試以中介者為研究主體,了解中介者如何在制約之下中介資源,並且創意地回應制約,進而發展出「創意中介」的概念,
     
     本研究以個案公司金傳媒,所舉辦的太陽劇團歡躍之旅在台巡演為研究個案,深入其策略行動。以訪談法蒐集資料,採用詮釋型的質性研究方法,分析活動人如何定義專案制約,與了解借力使力地回應制約限制之思考。依其中介歷程,本研究歸納出三種創意中介的手法原則。於學理上的貢獻有二:首先,本研究呈現制約在的中介歷程的影響,補強過去研究較少著墨之處,進而豐富中介理論的內涵;其次,本研究整理中介回應制約的手法,作為創意回應的角度,進而豐富了制約回應的理論意涵。
壹、緒論 7
     貳、文獻回顧 9
     第一節 觀點優勢益於創新產出 10
     第二節 整合網絡創意的「關係專家」 17
     第三節「借力使力」調適回應制約限制 21
     參、研究方法 27
     第一節 研究方法 27
     第二節 個案選擇 29
     第三節 資料蒐集 31
     第四節 資料分析 35
     肆、個案背景與脈絡 37
     第一節 太陽劇團的創新密碼 38
     第二節 聯合報活動事業發展歷程 48
     伍、研究發現 54
     第一節 太陽劇團巡演專案決策背景 57
     第二節 太陽劇團巡演後勤運籌 57
     第三節 太陽劇團巡演行銷售票 68
     第四節 太陽劇團巡演周邊商品開發 81
     陸、討論 92
     第一節 理論貢獻 92
     第二節 實務貢獻 96
     第三節 未來研究方向 99
     柒、結論 100
     捌、參考文獻 102
     玖、附錄 107
     表目錄
     表1 IDEO科技中介機制 14
     表2 回應觀點分類 24
     表3 田野調查工作摘要 (2010~2011年) 33
     表4 重要訪談紀錄 34
     表5 次級資料收集紀錄 35
     表6 太陽劇團歷年常駐秀與巡演秀劇目 41
     表7 太陽劇團歷年巡演秀(touring show)劇目 44
     表8 2008年後太陽劇團亞洲市場計畫 44
     表9 聯合報系活動事業部主要組織流變 51
     表10 聯合報系歷年大型特展整理 52
     表11 台北市政府與金傳媒網絡互動說明 66
     表12 策展與巡演模式比較 70
     表12 商務社群與金傳媒網絡互動說明 79
     表13 設計師品牌聯名金傳媒網絡互動說明 88
參考文獻 捌、參考文獻
     一、中文部分
     
     林宜標(2008),媒體與博物館合作特展之整合行銷傳播策略─以羅浮宮埃及文物珍藏展為例,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程(EMBA),碩士論文。
     
     張富瑞(2011),知識中介:以穿針引線回應跨界阻力,國立政治大學企業管理研究所,碩士論文。
     
     陳意文(2009),創新產品的資源拼湊與價值實現之研究:採新資源基礎觀點之定性與定量分析,國立政治大學科技管理研究所,博士論文。
     
     陳蕙芬(2010),柔韌設計:以創新調適的策略回應機構力,國立政治大學科技管理研究所,博士論文。
     
     蕭瑞麟(2007),不用數字的研究,培生出版。
      
     二、英文部分
     
     Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005) “Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 50: 329 –366.
     
     Brass, D. J. (1985)“Men’s and women’s networks:A study of interaction patterns and infl uence in an organization.” Academy of Management Journal, 28:327–343.
     
     Burt, Ronald S. (1980) ‘Models of network structure,’ Annual Review of Sociology, 6:79-141.
     
     Burt, Ronald S. (1992) “Structural holes: The social structure of competition.” Boston,MA: Harvard Business School Press.
     
     Burt, Ronald S. (2000) “The network structure of social capital.” In R. I. Sutton and B.M. Staw (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 22: 345–423. New York:Elsevier/JAI Press.
     
     Burt, Ronald S. (2004) “Structural Holes and Good Ideas.” American Journal of Sociology, 110:349–399
     
     George, J. M.(2008)“Creativity in organizations.”Academy of Management Annals, 1: 439–477.
     
     Granvovetter, M. S., . (2004) “The strength of weak ties: A network theory Revisited.”, Social structure and network analysis, 105-130.
     
     Garud, R., & Karnøe, P. (2003) “Bricolage versus breakthrough: Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship.” Research Policy, 32(2), 277-300.
     
     Geertz, C. (1973) “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture”. in The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books, Pp.3-30.
     
     Hargadon, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1997) “Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4), 716-750.
     
     Hargadon, A. (1998) “Firms as knowledge brokers: Lessons in pursuing continuous innovation.” California Management Review, 40(3), 209-227.
     
     Hargadon, A., & Sutton, R. I. (2000) “Building an innovation factory.” Harvard Business Review May-June, 157-166.
     
     Hargadon, A. (2003) “How Breakthroughs Happen-The Surprising Truth About How Companies Innovate.” Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
     
     Ibarra, H., M. Kilduff, and W. Tsai(2005)“Zooming in and out: Connecting individuals and collectivities at the frontiers of organizational network research.” Organization Science, 16:359–371.
     
     Kilduff, M., and W. Tsai(2003)Social Networks and Organizations. London: Sage
     
     Lanzara, G. F. (1999) “Between transient constructs and persistent structures: Designing systems in action.” Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 8, 331–349.
     
     Lévi-Strauss, C. (1967) The savage mind (La pensée suavage). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
     
     Lingo, E. L. & O’Mahony, S. (2010) “Nexus work: Brokerage in creative projects.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 55S(1): 47-81
     
     Maira, S. (1999) “Identity dub: The paradoxes of an Indian American youth subculture (New York mix).” Cultural Anthropology, 14, 29–60.
     
     Obstfeld, D. (2005) “Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 50: 100–130.
     Oliver, Christine. (1991). "Strategic responses to institutional processes." Academy of Management Review 16:145.
     Pettigrew, A. M. (1990) “Longitudinal Field Research on Change.” Organization Science, 1(3), pp. 267-292.
     
     Perry-Smith, J.(2006)“Social yet creative: The role of social relationships in facilitating individual creativity.” Academy of Management Journal, 49: 85–101.
     
     Perry-Smith, J. E., and C. E. Shalley (2003)“The social side of creativity: A static and dynamic social network perspective.” Academy of Management Review, 28: 89–106
     
     Schumpeter JA. (1947) “The creative response in economic history.” Journal of Economic History, 7:149–159.
     
     Scott, R. (2001) Institutions and Organizations, Sage: London. Starr, J. A., and I. C. MacMillan (1990) “Resource cooptation via social contracting: Resource acquisition strategies for new ventures.” Strategic Management Journal, 11: 79–92.
     
     Suchman, Mark C.(1995) "Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches." The Academy of Management Review 20:571-610.
     
     Van Maanen, J. (1979) “Reclaiming Qualitative Methods for Organizational Research:A Preface.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), pp. 520-526.
     
     Walsham, G. (1995) “Interpretive Case Studies in IS Research: Nature and Method.” European Journal of Information Systems, 4, pp. 74-81
     
     Rao, H., Monin, P., & Durand, R. (2005). “Border crossing: Bricolage and the erosion of categorical boundaries in French gastronomy”. American Sociological Review, 70, 968–991.
     
     Ibarra, H., M. Kilduff, and W. Tsai. (2005). “Zooming in and out: Connecting individuals and collectivities at the frontiers of organizational network research.” Organization Science, 16:359–371.
     
     Obstfeld, D. (2005) “Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 50: 100–130.
     
     Fleming, L., S. Mingo, and D. Chen (2007) “Collaborative brokerage, generative creativity, and creative success.” Administrative Science Quarterly, 52: 443–475.
     
     Fleming, L., and D. M. Waguespack (2007) “Brokerage, boundary spanning, and leadership in open innovation communities.” Organization Science, 18:165–180.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
科技管理研究所
98359024
100
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983590242
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭瑞麟zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔣能旺zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chiang, Neng Wangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔣能旺zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chiang, Neng Wangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2011en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Oct-2012 16:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Oct-2012 16:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Oct-2012 16:08:08 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0983590242en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54009-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 科技管理研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98359024zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 100zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 創新不僅止於發明的程序。形塑的過程中,創新者必須嘗試與不同的社會成員互動,以取得必要的發展資源,支應創新的成型(Rogers, 2006)。但各類社會制約的限制,往往影響創新的成型(Scott, 2001)。因此,了解如何在制約劣勢之下發展創新,尤甚重要。過往研究發現,創新者面對制約,傳統問題解決(problem-solving)的思維不易奏效。這是因為,制約根深蒂固於情境(context),難以預防,創新者往往難以個體之力排除(Dougherty, 2008)。反之,創新者必須在限制情境下發展作為,以創意回應制約阻力(oliver, 1991; Suchman, 1995; 陳蕙芬, 2010)。
     
     然而,過往創新理論在分析回應作為時,中介者的角色是較少著墨之處。但本研究主張,中介者(broker)在社會中扮演網絡資源嫁接者角色(Burt, 1992)。因此,面對制約限制時,中介者可透過與外部網絡互動,建立妥適的合作關係,而得以「借力使力」,調適回應情境中制約。例如文創系統中的活動商、經紀商、策展人等,常扮演專案過程中資源整合角色,與不同網路群體互動,以取得必要的資源支持專案發展。因此,本研究嘗試以中介者為研究主體,了解中介者如何在制約之下中介資源,並且創意地回應制約,進而發展出「創意中介」的概念,
     
     本研究以個案公司金傳媒,所舉辦的太陽劇團歡躍之旅在台巡演為研究個案,深入其策略行動。以訪談法蒐集資料,採用詮釋型的質性研究方法,分析活動人如何定義專案制約,與了解借力使力地回應制約限制之思考。依其中介歷程,本研究歸納出三種創意中介的手法原則。於學理上的貢獻有二:首先,本研究呈現制約在的中介歷程的影響,補強過去研究較少著墨之處,進而豐富中介理論的內涵;其次,本研究整理中介回應制約的手法,作為創意回應的角度,進而豐富了制約回應的理論意涵。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 壹、緒論 7
     貳、文獻回顧 9
     第一節 觀點優勢益於創新產出 10
     第二節 整合網絡創意的「關係專家」 17
     第三節「借力使力」調適回應制約限制 21
     參、研究方法 27
     第一節 研究方法 27
     第二節 個案選擇 29
     第三節 資料蒐集 31
     第四節 資料分析 35
     肆、個案背景與脈絡 37
     第一節 太陽劇團的創新密碼 38
     第二節 聯合報活動事業發展歷程 48
     伍、研究發現 54
     第一節 太陽劇團巡演專案決策背景 57
     第二節 太陽劇團巡演後勤運籌 57
     第三節 太陽劇團巡演行銷售票 68
     第四節 太陽劇團巡演周邊商品開發 81
     陸、討論 92
     第一節 理論貢獻 92
     第二節 實務貢獻 96
     第三節 未來研究方向 99
     柒、結論 100
     捌、參考文獻 102
     玖、附錄 107
     表目錄
     表1 IDEO科技中介機制 14
     表2 回應觀點分類 24
     表3 田野調查工作摘要 (2010~2011年) 33
     表4 重要訪談紀錄 34
     表5 次級資料收集紀錄 35
     表6 太陽劇團歷年常駐秀與巡演秀劇目 41
     表7 太陽劇團歷年巡演秀(touring show)劇目 44
     表8 2008年後太陽劇團亞洲市場計畫 44
     表9 聯合報系活動事業部主要組織流變 51
     表10 聯合報系歷年大型特展整理 52
     表11 台北市政府與金傳媒網絡互動說明 66
     表12 策展與巡演模式比較 70
     表12 商務社群與金傳媒網絡互動說明 79
     表13 設計師品牌聯名金傳媒網絡互動說明 88
-
dc.description.tableofcontents 壹、緒論 7
     貳、文獻回顧 9
     第一節 觀點優勢益於創新產出 10
     第二節 整合網絡創意的「關係專家」 17
     第三節「借力使力」調適回應制約限制 21
     參、研究方法 27
     第一節 研究方法 27
     第二節 個案選擇 29
     第三節 資料蒐集 31
     第四節 資料分析 35
     肆、個案背景與脈絡 37
     第一節 太陽劇團的創新密碼 38
     第二節 聯合報活動事業發展歷程 48
     伍、研究發現 54
     第一節 太陽劇團巡演專案決策背景 57
     第二節 太陽劇團巡演後勤運籌 57
     第三節 太陽劇團巡演行銷售票 68
     第四節 太陽劇團巡演周邊商品開發 81
     陸、討論 92
     第一節 理論貢獻 92
     第二節 實務貢獻 96
     第三節 未來研究方向 99
     柒、結論 100
     捌、參考文獻 102
     玖、附錄 107
     表目錄
     表1 IDEO科技中介機制 14
     表2 回應觀點分類 24
     表3 田野調查工作摘要 (2010~2011年) 33
     表4 重要訪談紀錄 34
     表5 次級資料收集紀錄 35
     表6 太陽劇團歷年常駐秀與巡演秀劇目 41
     表7 太陽劇團歷年巡演秀(touring show)劇目 44
     表8 2008年後太陽劇團亞洲市場計畫 44
     表9 聯合報系活動事業部主要組織流變 51
     表10 聯合報系歷年大型特展整理 52
     表11 台北市政府與金傳媒網絡互動說明 66
     表12 策展與巡演模式比較 70
     表12 商務社群與金傳媒網絡互動說明 79
     表13 設計師品牌聯名金傳媒網絡互動說明 88
zh_TW
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0983590242en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 活動產業zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中介zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 制約zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 創意回應zh_TW
dc.title (題名) 創意中介回應制約限制:以聯合報太陽劇團巡演為例zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Creative brokering:how golden media respond to local constraintsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 捌、參考文獻
     一、中文部分
     
     林宜標(2008),媒體與博物館合作特展之整合行銷傳播策略─以羅浮宮埃及文物珍藏展為例,國立政治大學經營管理碩士學程(EMBA),碩士論文。
     
     張富瑞(2011),知識中介:以穿針引線回應跨界阻力,國立政治大學企業管理研究所,碩士論文。
     
     陳意文(2009),創新產品的資源拼湊與價值實現之研究:採新資源基礎觀點之定性與定量分析,國立政治大學科技管理研究所,博士論文。
     
     陳蕙芬(2010),柔韌設計:以創新調適的策略回應機構力,國立政治大學科技管理研究所,博士論文。
     
     蕭瑞麟(2007),不用數字的研究,培生出版。
      
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