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題名 第二型糖尿病患者的反思及反芻特質與疾病表徵對自我照護行為的影響
Illness representations, reflection and rumination as predictors of self-care behaviours in patients with type II diabetes
作者 張瓊文
Chang, Chung Wen
貢獻者 許文耀
張瓊文
Chang, Chung Wen
關鍵詞 第二型糖尿病患者
共通信念模式
疾病表徵
自我照護
糖化血色素
type 2 diabetes
the common sense model
illness representations
self-care behaviors
HbA1c
日期 2010
上傳時間 3-Sep-2013 13:25:06 (UTC+8)
摘要 研究目的：本研究使用共通信念模式，以瞭解第二型糖尿病患者持有的疾病表徵對自我照護行為的預測關係。過去的研究顯示，糖尿病患者的「控制」表徵能夠有效預測患者的自我照護行為和糖化血色素值；也就是，患者相信疾病能被控制的程度愈高，在自我照護行為的表現愈好，糖化血色素值愈低。但是，「結果」表徵與「情緒」表徵無法顯著一致的預測患者的自我照護行為。透過回顧與健康行為相關的理論發展與文獻，考量慢性疾病的自我調節歷程中，除了疾病表徵以外，還需要納入與自我意識有關的人格特質。為此，本研究目的有四:(1)先檢驗在台灣糖尿病患者的疾病表徵建構，是否與國外使用疾病共通信念模式的研究結果一致，有相同的因素結構。(2)檢定台灣第二型糖尿病患者，其持有的疾病表徵對自我照護行為與血糖控制的預測，是否與Harvey和Lawson(2009)的研究結果一致。(3)評估糖尿病患者的人格特質對自我照護行為與糖化血色素值的影響。(4)探索第二型糖尿病患者反芻反思特質，在疾病表徵影響自我照護行為上的調節效果。

研究方法：本研究以立意取樣的方式，邀請新竹某教學醫院門診的第二型糖尿病患者為受試。排除漏答與亂填者，共有142位符合資格的受試者；每位受試者皆需完成受試者同意書、背景資料、糖尿病自我照護量表、疾病表徵問卷與中文版反芻反思量表。根據研究目的，以階層回歸和羅吉斯回歸分析等統計方法進行假設考驗。

研究結果：(1)臺灣第二型糖尿病患者的疾病表徵結構與國外患者相似，共包含：「認同」、「病因」、「時間感急慢性」、「時間感循環性」、「結果」、「情緒」和「控制」表徵。(2)研究結果與Harvey和Lawson(2009)的研究結果一致，「控制」表徵可以顯著預測整體自我照護行為和糖化血色素值。(3)第二型糖尿病患者的反芻反思特質，無法單獨預測自我照護行為與糖化血色素值。(4) 第二型糖尿病患者的反芻反思特質會與病表徵產生交互作用，共同調節各種自我照護行為的表現。

結論：本研究資料與其他使用共通信念模式的研究資料一致，亦即控制表徵能預測自我照護行為和糖化血色素值。此外，本研究發現，不同自我照護行為會受到疾病表徵與反芻或反思特質的交互作用而影響。由於，增加自我照護行為的執行度，是目前糖尿病治療與衛教的首要目標。建議未來從事糖尿病照護的實務工作者，能提供疾病表徵與反芻反思特質的專業心理評估；以協助建立個別評估與個別介入的個別化治療方案，進而提高患者在自我照護行為的執行度、增加臨床治療的效果。
Background and Aims.
It is increasingly being used to understand and predict individuals` coping with and subsequent self-care of chronic illness is Leventhal and colleagues` the common sense model. This model postulates that it is the individual`s illness representation is the proximal determinant of coping behavior. The role of personality in determining self-care behavior has been relatively ignored, possibly because of the lack of convergence in concepts and measures.
Due to the lack of research in the area of interest, the present study attempt to resolve this issue. We investigated, (a) using subjects of Type-II diabetes in Taiwan, are the results of present study similar as others studies directed by common sense model to identify the factors of illness representation, (b) discussing the influences of illness representation to self-care behavior and glycemic control (HbA1c); like as Harvey and Lawson(2009)’s study, (c) assessing whether traits of normal personality are associated with variations in self-care behavior and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, (d) examining whether personality moderate the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior.

Methods.
Patients were eligible if they had Type 2 diabetes, were aged 20 years or more at diagnosis. Before we collect data, a physician will invite patient to enter the study. Patient want to join this study, they be giving an informed consent and be asked to complete four questionnaires. A total 142 patients completed the demographic survey ( age, educational level, diabetes duration et al.), Diabetes Self-Care Scale, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), the Chinese version of Rumination- Reflection Questionnaire. Analysis were concluded using multiple regression analysis, logistic regression and so on.

Results.
The results revealed that: (1) as our hypothesis, the structures of the IPQ-R in type 2 diabetes in Taiwan were similar as other foreign studies directed by common sense model. (2) Control representation can induce main effect on self care behavior. Higher control representation was significantly positive associated with self care behavior, and it was significantly negative associated with HbA1c. (3) Self reflection and self rumination were inconsistently associated with self care behavior and HbA1c. (4) Personality moderated the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior.

Conclusions.
This study supports the Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representation when considering type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Based on our results, we found personality traits may offer new insights in to variations in self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing standard management. Personality refers as self-reflection and self-rumination which moderated the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior. Therefore, CSM could become the theoretical framework for psychological interventions in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, according to the study result, we suggested the practitioners paying attention to the different interaction when representation and personality are together in diabetes’ each self-care behavior.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
95752022
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095752022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許文耀zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 張瓊文zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang, Chung Wenen_US
dc.creator (作者) 張瓊文zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang, Chung Wenen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Sep-2013 13:25:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Sep-2013 13:25:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Sep-2013 13:25:06 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095752022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/59696-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95752022zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 研究目的：本研究使用共通信念模式，以瞭解第二型糖尿病患者持有的疾病表徵對自我照護行為的預測關係。過去的研究顯示，糖尿病患者的「控制」表徵能夠有效預測患者的自我照護行為和糖化血色素值；也就是，患者相信疾病能被控制的程度愈高，在自我照護行為的表現愈好，糖化血色素值愈低。但是，「結果」表徵與「情緒」表徵無法顯著一致的預測患者的自我照護行為。透過回顧與健康行為相關的理論發展與文獻，考量慢性疾病的自我調節歷程中，除了疾病表徵以外，還需要納入與自我意識有關的人格特質。為此，本研究目的有四:(1)先檢驗在台灣糖尿病患者的疾病表徵建構，是否與國外使用疾病共通信念模式的研究結果一致，有相同的因素結構。(2)檢定台灣第二型糖尿病患者，其持有的疾病表徵對自我照護行為與血糖控制的預測，是否與Harvey和Lawson(2009)的研究結果一致。(3)評估糖尿病患者的人格特質對自我照護行為與糖化血色素值的影響。(4)探索第二型糖尿病患者反芻反思特質，在疾病表徵影響自我照護行為上的調節效果。

研究方法：本研究以立意取樣的方式，邀請新竹某教學醫院門診的第二型糖尿病患者為受試。排除漏答與亂填者，共有142位符合資格的受試者；每位受試者皆需完成受試者同意書、背景資料、糖尿病自我照護量表、疾病表徵問卷與中文版反芻反思量表。根據研究目的，以階層回歸和羅吉斯回歸分析等統計方法進行假設考驗。

研究結果：(1)臺灣第二型糖尿病患者的疾病表徵結構與國外患者相似，共包含：「認同」、「病因」、「時間感急慢性」、「時間感循環性」、「結果」、「情緒」和「控制」表徵。(2)研究結果與Harvey和Lawson(2009)的研究結果一致，「控制」表徵可以顯著預測整體自我照護行為和糖化血色素值。(3)第二型糖尿病患者的反芻反思特質，無法單獨預測自我照護行為與糖化血色素值。(4) 第二型糖尿病患者的反芻反思特質會與病表徵產生交互作用，共同調節各種自我照護行為的表現。

結論：本研究資料與其他使用共通信念模式的研究資料一致，亦即控制表徵能預測自我照護行為和糖化血色素值。此外，本研究發現，不同自我照護行為會受到疾病表徵與反芻或反思特質的交互作用而影響。由於，增加自我照護行為的執行度，是目前糖尿病治療與衛教的首要目標。建議未來從事糖尿病照護的實務工作者，能提供疾病表徵與反芻反思特質的專業心理評估；以協助建立個別評估與個別介入的個別化治療方案，進而提高患者在自我照護行為的執行度、增加臨床治療的效果。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Background and Aims.
It is increasingly being used to understand and predict individuals` coping with and subsequent self-care of chronic illness is Leventhal and colleagues` the common sense model. This model postulates that it is the individual`s illness representation is the proximal determinant of coping behavior. The role of personality in determining self-care behavior has been relatively ignored, possibly because of the lack of convergence in concepts and measures.
Due to the lack of research in the area of interest, the present study attempt to resolve this issue. We investigated, (a) using subjects of Type-II diabetes in Taiwan, are the results of present study similar as others studies directed by common sense model to identify the factors of illness representation, (b) discussing the influences of illness representation to self-care behavior and glycemic control (HbA1c); like as Harvey and Lawson(2009)’s study, (c) assessing whether traits of normal personality are associated with variations in self-care behavior and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, (d) examining whether personality moderate the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior.

Methods.
Patients were eligible if they had Type 2 diabetes, were aged 20 years or more at diagnosis. Before we collect data, a physician will invite patient to enter the study. Patient want to join this study, they be giving an informed consent and be asked to complete four questionnaires. A total 142 patients completed the demographic survey ( age, educational level, diabetes duration et al.), Diabetes Self-Care Scale, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), the Chinese version of Rumination- Reflection Questionnaire. Analysis were concluded using multiple regression analysis, logistic regression and so on.

Results.
The results revealed that: (1) as our hypothesis, the structures of the IPQ-R in type 2 diabetes in Taiwan were similar as other foreign studies directed by common sense model. (2) Control representation can induce main effect on self care behavior. Higher control representation was significantly positive associated with self care behavior, and it was significantly negative associated with HbA1c. (3) Self reflection and self rumination were inconsistently associated with self care behavior and HbA1c. (4) Personality moderated the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior.

Conclusions.
This study supports the Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness representation when considering type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. Based on our results, we found personality traits may offer new insights in to variations in self-care in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing standard management. Personality refers as self-reflection and self-rumination which moderated the relationships between illness representations and self-care behavior. Therefore, CSM could become the theoretical framework for psychological interventions in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, according to the study result, we suggested the practitioners paying attention to the different interaction when representation and personality are together in diabetes’ each self-care behavior.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 研究動機…………………………………………………………………… 1

第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………………………………4
第一節 糖尿病的自我照護 …………………………………………………………4
第二節 糖尿病患的疾病共通信念………………………………………………… 8
第三節 人格特質與自我照護………………………………………………………18
第四節 研究目的、架構與問題……………………………………………………23

第三章 研究方法……………………………………………………………………27
第一節 受試者………………………………………………………………………27
第二節 研究工具……………………………………………………………………29
第三節 研究程序……………………………………………………………………37

第四章 研究結果……………………………………………………………………38
第一節 糖尿病疾病表徵量表的因素建構…………………………………………38
第二節 糖尿病疾病表徵對自我照護和各生理指標的影響………………………44
第三節 人格特質、疾病表徵對自我照護行為的預測……………………………53

第五章 綜合討論………………………………………………………………… 62
第一節 疾病表徵量表的因素建構之探討 ……………………………………… 63
第二節 疾病表徵對自我照護和血糖控制的影響…………………………………65
第三節 人格特質對自我照護行為和血糖控制的影響……………………………66
第四節 反芻、反思特質在疾病表徵對自我照護行為和血糖控制的影響性之調節效果………………………………………………………………………………… 67

第六章 研究貢獻限制與建議………………………………………………………71
第一節 研究貢獻與臨床應用………………………………………………………71
第二節 研究貢獻與臨床應用………………………………………………………73


參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………… 74
附錄一 個人基本資料 …………………………………………………………… 96
附錄二 糖尿病自我照顧量表 ………………………………………………… 97
附錄三 疾病表徵問卷 …………………………………………………………… 98
附錄四 中文版反芻反思量表…………………………………………………… 101
附錄五 受試者同意書…………………………………………………………… 102
附錄六 糖尿病自我照顧量表使用同意書……………………………………… 103

圖表目錄

圖2-1：疾病共通信念模式圖……………………………………………………… 9
圖2-2：疾病表徵的成分與作用……………………………………………………10
圖2-3：研究架構圖…………………………………………………………………25
圖4-1：調節效果檢驗圖……………………………………………………………54
圖4-2：反芻特質調節結果表徵與情緒表徵影響自我照護行為之交互作用圖…55
圖4-3：反芻特質與時間感循環性表徵在自我照護行為之交互作用圖…………56
圖4-4：反思特質調節結果表徵與情緒表徵影響藥物與血糖自我照護行為之交 互作用圖………………………………………………………………… 57
圖4-5：反思特質調節情緒表徵在高低血糖自我照護行為之交互作用圖………58

表2-1：各理論建構下的疾病表徵名詞之對照表…………………………………12
表3-1：本研究糖尿病患者的醫療特徵……………………………………………28
表3-2：本研究糖尿病患者之生活習慣……………………………………………29
表3-3：中文版反芻反思量表的因素負荷量與信度係數…………………………34
表3-4：年長者反芻反思量表的因素負荷量與信度係數 ……………………… 35
表4-1：疾病表徵主成分分析結果…………………………………………………39
表4-2：適合度分析表 …………………………………………………………… 40
表4-3：疾病表徵主成分分析表 ………………………………………………… 41
表4-4：本研究樣本在疾病表徵變項之描述統計值 …………………………… 42
表4-5：疾病表徵內部相關矩陣 ………………………………………………… 43
表4-6：本研究樣本在各預測變項之描述統計值……………………………… 44
表4-7：各疾病表徵在糖化血色素值不同組別上的表現差異 ………………… 45
表4-8：反芻反思特質在糖化血色素值不同組別上的表現差異……………… 45
表4-9：各種自我照護在糖化血色素值不同組別上的表現差異……………… 45
表4-10：各主要變項之間的相關係數…………………………………………… 46
表4-11：糖化血色素值不同組別在各種背景變項上的表現差異……………… 47
表4-12：疾病表徵、自我照護等變項與背景變項之相關分析………………… 48
表4-13：主要預測變項等對自我照護行為的階層回歸分析結果……………… 50
表4-14：糖化血色素的羅吉斯回歸分析結果…………………………………… 52
表4-15：反芻、反思與自我照護的相關分析…………………………………… 53
表4-16：糖化血色素值的不同組別在反思反芻特質之差異比較……………… 53
表4-17：背景變項、疾病表徵與人格特質在自我照護行為之階層分析……… 59
表4-18：糖化血色素的羅吉斯回歸分析結果…………………………………… 61		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1490023 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095752022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 第二型糖尿病患者zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共通信念模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 疾病表徵zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自我照護zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 糖化血色素zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) type 2 diabetesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) the common sense modelen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) illness representationsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) self-care behaviorsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) HbA1cen_US
dc.title (題名) 第二型糖尿病患者的反思及反芻特質與疾病表徵對自我照護行為的影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Illness representations, reflection and rumination as predictors of self-care behaviours in patients with type II diabetesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
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