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題名 在車載網路上以跨層設計混合式繞徑協定的架構
A hybrid architecture of routing protocol for VANET with cross-layer design
作者 楊長葵
Chang-Kwei Yang
貢獻者 張宏慶
Hung-Chin Jang
楊長葵
Chang-Kwei Yang
關鍵詞 車載網路
VANET
日期 2010
上傳時間 4-Sep-2013 17:05:03 (UTC+8)
摘要 在車載隨意網路中，由於道路環境的多樣性，使得如何解決資料封包繞徑問題成為相關領域中的一項挑戰。雖然各種新的方法相繼被提出，然而對於在不同環境中如何選擇最佳方法的相關問題，卻缺乏較廣泛的研究及實證。有鑑於此，有別於單一改良型的繞徑方法，我們提出一個整合式的架構來解決面對不同環境時的繞徑問題，以整合多重繞徑方法於單一系統中。我們並以跨層式方法設計繞徑模組的選用模式，再配合廣播封包整合的機制等三種策略方法，讓車輛在不同的道路環境下，能在多個繞徑方法提供的路徑當中，選擇最佳的路徑來傳遞封包，並藉由取得其他網路階層的相關資訊，作為最佳化選擇的依據。同時，封包若在傳遞過程中，原來的路徑發生中斷時，系統能改以其他繞徑方法繼續傳遞封包至目的節點，減少來源端封包重傳的需求。最後為了減輕因數個繞徑方法同時進行所可能產生的廣播風暴問題，我們以封包列車的方式來整合廣播封包。從模擬實驗結果證明，本系統能在不同的道路車輛環境及車輛分布密度，提升資料的傳輸率，克服因節點位置快速變動而導致傳輸率下降的問題。
Design of data routing between vehicle and vehicle (V2V) is a critical issue for VANET due to dynamics of traffic road environment. Therefore, there are some proposed solutions to cope with such problem in the past years. It is difficult, however, to choose a best approach from those solutions for a car node that could communicate by wireless under all kinds of rigid environment. In this paper, instead of designing new routing method, we proposed an architecture to cope with the problem. We use three building blocks to construct our methodology: combination of multiple routing protocols, path selection by cross-layer design and integration of broadcast routing packets. A car node may find more paths provided by the multiple routing modules for delivering packets to the destination. By using cross-layer design we demonstrate how to determine one from the routing modules that can provide the best path for packet according to information collected from the other network layers. Besides, a recovery of forwarding can be performed by this architecture while a broken path occurs during the packet delivering. Finally, we proposed a packet train idea to solve the broadcast storm which could be incurred by the multiple routing protocols operating at the same time. The experiment results show that our proposed architecture can raise the data throughput under different mobility environments of VANET.
參考文獻 [1] K. A. Ali, M. Lalam, L. Moalic, and O. Baala, "V-MBMM: Vehicular Mask-Based Mobility Model," in Proceedings of the 2010 Ninth International Conference on Networks (ICN `10). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 243-248.
[2] F. Bai and A. Helmy, “The IMPORTANT Framework for Analyzing and Modeling the Impact of Mobility in Wireless Adhoc Networks,” Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
[3] J. Bernsen and D. Manivannan, "Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks That Ensure Quality of Service," in Proceedings of the 2008 The Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC `08). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-6.
[4] N. Brahmi, M. Boussedjra, J. Mouzna, and B. Mireille, “Adaptative Movement Aware Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly (IWCMC `09), Leipzig, Germany, pp. 1310-1315.
[5] J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multi hop Wireless Adhoc Network Routing Protocols,” in Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `98), Dallas, USA, 1998, pp. 85-97.
[6] Y. Chen, Z. Xiang, W. Jian, and W. Jiang, "A Cross-Layer AOMDV Routing Protocol for V2V Communication in Urban VANET," in Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN `09), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 353-359.
[7] D. R. Choffnes and F. E. Bustamante, ”An Integrated Mobility and Traffic Model for Vehicular Wireless Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Cologne, Germany, 2005, pp. 69-78.
[8] B. Divecha, A. Abraham , C. Grosan, and S. Sanyal, “Impact of Node Mobility on MANET Routing Protocols Models,” Journal of Digital Information Management, vol. 5, no 1, pp. 19-24, Feb. 2007.
[9] J. Eriksson, H. Balakrishnan, and S. Madden, "Cabernet: Vehicular Content Delivery Using WiFi," in Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conferenceon Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `08), San Francisco, USA, 2008, pp. 199-210.
[10] H. Füßler, M. Mauve, H. Hartenstein, M. Käsemann, and D. Vollmer, “A Comparison of Routing Strategies for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,” Department of Computer Science, University of Mannheim, Tech. Rep. TR-02-003, July 2002.
[11] J. Härri, F. Filali, and C. Bonnet, “Mobility Models for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: a Survey and Taxonomy,” Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol.11, no.4, pp.19-41, Fourth Quarter 2009.
[12] F. Hui, “A Survey on the Characterization of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Routing Solutions,” ECS 257, 2005.
[13] B. Jarupan and E. Ekici, “A Survey of Cross-Layer Design for VANETs,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, no. 5, July 2011.
[14] B. Jarupan and E. Ekici, "PROMPT: A Cross Layer Position-based Communication Protocol for Delay-aware Vehicular Access Networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 489-505, July 2010.
[15] B. Karp and H. T. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks,” in Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `00), Boston, USA, 2000, pp. 243-254.
[16] A. Mahajan, N. Potnis, K. Gopalan, and A. Wang, ”Evaluation of Mobility Models for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Simulations,” IEEE International Workshop on Next Generation Wireless Networks (WoNGeN 2006), Bangalore, India, December 2006.
[17] V. Naumov, R. Baumann, and T. Gross, “An Evaluation of Inter-vehicle Ad Hoc Networks Based on Realistic Vehicular Traces,” in Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc `06), Florence, Italy, 2006, pp. 108–119.
[18] S. Y. Ni, Y.C. Tseng, Y. S. Chen, and J. P. Sheu, “The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network,” in Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `99), Seattle, USA, 1999, pp. 151-162.
[19] Z. Niu, W. Yao, Q. Ni, and Y. Song, "Study on QoS Support in 802.11e-based Multi-hop Vehicular Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," in Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, April, 2007, pp. 705-710.
[20] R. W. Rothery, “Car Following Models,” Traffic Flow Theory, Transportation Research Board Special Report 165, Chapter 4, 1992.
[21] A. K. Saha and D. B. Johnson, “Modeling Mobility for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Philadelphia, USA, 2004, pp. 91-92.
[22] J. P. Singh, N. Bambos, B. Srinivasan, and D. Clawin, "Cross-layer Multi-hop Wireless Routing for Inter-vehicle Communication,” in Proceedings of TRIDENTCOM 2006 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006, pp.10 pp. -101.
[23] I. Stojmenovic, "Position-based Routing in Ad hoc Networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 128-134, July 2002.
[24] J. Wang and W. Yan, "RBM: A Role Based Mobility Model for VANET," in Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02 (CMC `09), vol. 2, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 437-443.
[25] "Simulation of Urban MObility" (SUMO) Open Source Project. Activity-Based Traffic Demand Using ActivityGen [Online]. Retrieved: http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/sumo/index.php?title=Activity-Based_Traffic_Demand_Using_ActivityGen, June 2011.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
資訊科學學系
95971002
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095971002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 張宏慶zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hung-Chin Jangen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 楊長葵zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chang-Kwei Yangen_US
dc.creator (作者) 楊長葵zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chang-Kwei Yangen_US
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Sep-2013 17:05:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Sep-2013 17:05:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Sep-2013 17:05:03 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0095971002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60234-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 資訊科學學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 95971002zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 在車載隨意網路中，由於道路環境的多樣性，使得如何解決資料封包繞徑問題成為相關領域中的一項挑戰。雖然各種新的方法相繼被提出，然而對於在不同環境中如何選擇最佳方法的相關問題，卻缺乏較廣泛的研究及實證。有鑑於此，有別於單一改良型的繞徑方法，我們提出一個整合式的架構來解決面對不同環境時的繞徑問題，以整合多重繞徑方法於單一系統中。我們並以跨層式方法設計繞徑模組的選用模式，再配合廣播封包整合的機制等三種策略方法，讓車輛在不同的道路環境下，能在多個繞徑方法提供的路徑當中，選擇最佳的路徑來傳遞封包，並藉由取得其他網路階層的相關資訊，作為最佳化選擇的依據。同時，封包若在傳遞過程中，原來的路徑發生中斷時，系統能改以其他繞徑方法繼續傳遞封包至目的節點，減少來源端封包重傳的需求。最後為了減輕因數個繞徑方法同時進行所可能產生的廣播風暴問題，我們以封包列車的方式來整合廣播封包。從模擬實驗結果證明，本系統能在不同的道路車輛環境及車輛分布密度，提升資料的傳輸率，克服因節點位置快速變動而導致傳輸率下降的問題。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Design of data routing between vehicle and vehicle (V2V) is a critical issue for VANET due to dynamics of traffic road environment. Therefore, there are some proposed solutions to cope with such problem in the past years. It is difficult, however, to choose a best approach from those solutions for a car node that could communicate by wireless under all kinds of rigid environment. In this paper, instead of designing new routing method, we proposed an architecture to cope with the problem. We use three building blocks to construct our methodology: combination of multiple routing protocols, path selection by cross-layer design and integration of broadcast routing packets. A car node may find more paths provided by the multiple routing modules for delivering packets to the destination. By using cross-layer design we demonstrate how to determine one from the routing modules that can provide the best path for packet according to information collected from the other network layers. Besides, a recovery of forwarding can be performed by this architecture while a broken path occurs during the packet delivering. Finally, we proposed a packet train idea to solve the broadcast storm which could be incurred by the multiple routing protocols operating at the same time. The experiment results show that our proposed architecture can raise the data throughput under different mobility environments of VANET.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
1.1背景 1
1.2研究動機 4
1.3論文架構 5
第二章 相關研究 6
2.1移動模型 6
2.2 VANET上繞徑協定的效能研究 10
2.3跨層式(Cross-Layer)設計 12
第三章 研究方法 16
3.1基本構想 16
3.2多重繞徑協定路徑平面(Multiple Routing-Path Planes) 17
3.3基於跨層式設計的多重路徑選擇(Multi-path Selection based on Cross-Layer Design) 19
3.3.1資料封包的處理 20
3.3.2以跨層式方法處理繞徑選擇問題 23
3.3.3路徑的轉換與回復 28
3.4廣播封包的整合管理(Broadcast Packet Integration) 29
3.5繞徑模組整合層(Routing Module Integration Layer) 32
第四章 模擬實驗與結果分析 35
4.1模擬環境 35
4.1.1道路車輛移動模擬工具 35
4.1.2通訊網路模擬工具 42
4.2結果與分析 44
4.2.1不同場景間之封包傳輸率比較 44
4.2.2封包傳遞路徑的觀察 49
4.2.3以不同時段來觀察傳輸效能 55
4.3討論 59
第五章 結論與未來研究 61
5.1結論 61
5.2未來研究 61		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3291200 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095971002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 車載網路zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) VANETen_US
dc.title (題名) 在車載網路上以跨層設計混合式繞徑協定的架構zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A hybrid architecture of routing protocol for VANET with cross-layer designen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1] K. A. Ali, M. Lalam, L. Moalic, and O. Baala, "V-MBMM: Vehicular Mask-Based Mobility Model," in Proceedings of the 2010 Ninth International Conference on Networks (ICN `10). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 243-248.
[2] F. Bai and A. Helmy, “The IMPORTANT Framework for Analyzing and Modeling the Impact of Mobility in Wireless Adhoc Networks,” Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.
[3] J. Bernsen and D. Manivannan, "Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks That Ensure Quality of Service," in Proceedings of the 2008 The Fourth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC `08). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-6.
[4] N. Brahmi, M. Boussedjra, J. Mouzna, and B. Mireille, “Adaptative Movement Aware Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing: Connecting the World Wirelessly (IWCMC `09), Leipzig, Germany, pp. 1310-1315.
[5] J. Broch, D. A. Maltz, D. B. Johnson, Y. Hu, and J. Jetcheva, “A Performance Comparison of Multi hop Wireless Adhoc Network Routing Protocols,” in Proceedings of the 4th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `98), Dallas, USA, 1998, pp. 85-97.
[6] Y. Chen, Z. Xiang, W. Jian, and W. Jiang, "A Cross-Layer AOMDV Routing Protocol for V2V Communication in Urban VANET," in Proceedings of the 2009 Fifth International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks (MSN `09), IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 353-359.
[7] D. R. Choffnes and F. E. Bustamante, ”An Integrated Mobility and Traffic Model for Vehicular Wireless Networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Cologne, Germany, 2005, pp. 69-78.
[8] B. Divecha, A. Abraham , C. Grosan, and S. Sanyal, “Impact of Node Mobility on MANET Routing Protocols Models,” Journal of Digital Information Management, vol. 5, no 1, pp. 19-24, Feb. 2007.
[9] J. Eriksson, H. Balakrishnan, and S. Madden, "Cabernet: Vehicular Content Delivery Using WiFi," in Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conferenceon Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `08), San Francisco, USA, 2008, pp. 199-210.
[10] H. Füßler, M. Mauve, H. Hartenstein, M. Käsemann, and D. Vollmer, “A Comparison of Routing Strategies for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks,” Department of Computer Science, University of Mannheim, Tech. Rep. TR-02-003, July 2002.
[11] J. Härri, F. Filali, and C. Bonnet, “Mobility Models for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: a Survey and Taxonomy,” Communications Surveys & Tutorials, IEEE, vol.11, no.4, pp.19-41, Fourth Quarter 2009.
[12] F. Hui, “A Survey on the Characterization of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Routing Solutions,” ECS 257, 2005.
[13] B. Jarupan and E. Ekici, “A Survey of Cross-Layer Design for VANETs,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 9, no. 5, July 2011.
[14] B. Jarupan and E. Ekici, "PROMPT: A Cross Layer Position-based Communication Protocol for Delay-aware Vehicular Access Networks," Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 489-505, July 2010.
[15] B. Karp and H. T. Kung, “GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks,” in Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `00), Boston, USA, 2000, pp. 243-254.
[16] A. Mahajan, N. Potnis, K. Gopalan, and A. Wang, ”Evaluation of Mobility Models for Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Simulations,” IEEE International Workshop on Next Generation Wireless Networks (WoNGeN 2006), Bangalore, India, December 2006.
[17] V. Naumov, R. Baumann, and T. Gross, “An Evaluation of Inter-vehicle Ad Hoc Networks Based on Realistic Vehicular Traces,” in Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc `06), Florence, Italy, 2006, pp. 108–119.
[18] S. Y. Ni, Y.C. Tseng, Y. S. Chen, and J. P. Sheu, “The Broadcast Storm Problem in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network,” in Proceedings of the 5th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom `99), Seattle, USA, 1999, pp. 151-162.
[19] Z. Niu, W. Yao, Q. Ni, and Y. Song, "Study on QoS Support in 802.11e-based Multi-hop Vehicular Wireless Ad Hoc Networks," in Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, April, 2007, pp. 705-710.
[20] R. W. Rothery, “Car Following Models,” Traffic Flow Theory, Transportation Research Board Special Report 165, Chapter 4, 1992.
[21] A. K. Saha and D. B. Johnson, “Modeling Mobility for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” in Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Philadelphia, USA, 2004, pp. 91-92.
[22] J. P. Singh, N. Bambos, B. Srinivasan, and D. Clawin, "Cross-layer Multi-hop Wireless Routing for Inter-vehicle Communication,” in Proceedings of TRIDENTCOM 2006 2nd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006, pp.10 pp. -101.
[23] I. Stojmenovic, "Position-based Routing in Ad hoc Networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 128-134, July 2002.
[24] J. Wang and W. Yan, "RBM: A Role Based Mobility Model for VANET," in Proceedings of the 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing - Volume 02 (CMC `09), vol. 2, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 437-443.
[25] "Simulation of Urban MObility" (SUMO) Open Source Project. Activity-Based Traffic Demand Using ActivityGen [Online]. Retrieved: http://sourceforge.net/apps/mediawiki/sumo/index.php?title=Activity-Based_Traffic_Demand_Using_ActivityGen, June 2011.		zh_TW