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題名 中國大陸新企業所得稅實施對有效稅率影響之探討
The impact of new Chinese enterprise income tax law on effective tax rate of China listed companies
作者 蘇奧迪
貢獻者 許崇源
蘇奧迪
關鍵詞 有效稅率
稅收優惠政策
企業所得稅
Effective Tax Rate
Preferential Tax Policy
Corporate Income Tax
日期 2010
上傳時間 5-Sep-2013 14:27:40 (UTC+8)
摘要 新企業所得稅法實施後,內外資企業所得稅法被統一,不一致的情形被消弭,稅收優惠的政策也從對外資企業的普遍優惠制轉變成以產業為導向。凡此種種改變,皆對中國大陸上市企業之有效稅率產生影響。本文以2003年-2010年中國大陸上市企業的財務資料做實證研究。

本文主要研究的課題有三:一、探討新企業所得稅法實施前後稅前扣除規定對有效稅率的影響;二、新企業所得稅法中規定的反資本弱化條款對企業有效稅率是否有影響?;三、內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,各地區是否仍有顯著的稅境差異?

第一個課題用兩個變數來捕捉,一個是薪資費用,一個是營運費用。薪資費用在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一前與有效稅率為負相關。本文推論該情形因為高階管理人員的薪資沒有正常列報,而可能的原因有三:一、租稅規劃原因,二、避免薪酬過高引起社會各界關注,故分配在各個關係企業,三、國家對國有企業的高階管理人薪資有限制。

營運費用在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一前與有效稅率為正相關,與假說預計情況相同。這部分可用財稅差異的觀點來解釋。而內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,應納稅所得額的計算規則更為公平合理,故營運費用對有效稅率的影響為負相關。第二個課題是討論資本弱化條款的問題。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,該變數之係數呈現顯著正相關,代表中國大陸在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,反避稅措施的實施已然有些成效。

第三個課題是稅境差異的問題。本文地區性虛擬變數的設置以西部地區為對照組。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之前,較明顯享受稅收優惠政策的地區是西部地區與經濟特區,故東部地區與中部地區的係數顯著為正,而經濟地區呈現不顯著的狀態。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,地區別的稅收優惠政策只剩下西部地區中的鼓勵類產業才能享受,而實證結果也明確顯示中國大陸政府預期的結果。
After new enterprise income tax law enacted , income tax law applicable to both domestic and foreign-owned enterprise are unified,the difference between those income tax law are gone. The new law scraps the original emphasis on regional incentives in favor of industry-oriented incentives supplemented by regional ones . All of these changes affect corporate effective tax rates of China Listed companies . This study used the sample of china listed companies spanning from 2003-2010.

This study have three main topics : First, to discuss how the pre-tax deduction rules affect corporate effective tax rates before and after implementation of the new law. Second, does the anti-thin capitalization rule in the new law have some effect to corporate effective tax rates? Third, after implementation of the new law,are there still big difference between regions?

This study used two variables to examine first topic-salary expense and operating expense. Salary expense had a negative correlation with corporate effective tax rates before implementation of the new law. I consider it came from salary information disclosure of senior executives which could be explained in three ways. First, tax planning purpose. Second, in case of drawing attention from publics, part of salary were paid by affiliated companys. Third,the country imposed caps on senior executive pay in state-owned enterprises.

Operating expense had a positive relation with corporate effective tax rates before implementation of the new law which is the same as hypothesis. It could be explained in terms of book-tax differences. After implementation of the new law, rules for computation taxable income are more fair and reasonable. As a result, operating expense has a negative relation with corporate effective tax rates. The second topic discuss about anti-thin capitalization rule.After implementation of the new law, the variable standing for anti-thin capitalization rule is significantly positively correlated with corporate effective tax rates.It represents that, after implementation of the new law, China authorities make progress in anti-tax avoidance.


The third topic is about tax burden between regions. This study used western region as a control group. Before implementation of the new law, preferential tax policies were subject to western region and Special Economic Zones. For this reason, the region dummy variables—central China and east China were significantly positively correlated with corporate effective tax rates, but the coefficient of western region dummy variable did not reach statistical significance. After implemention of the new law, preferential tax policies is subject only to domestic enterprises belonging to the category encouraged by the State in western region. The empirical results conform to the anticipation of China authorities.
參考文獻 一、中文部分
中國註冊會計師協會,2010,註冊會計師全國統一考試輔導教材-稅法,北京:
經濟科學出版社
王佳珍,2009,有效稅率對台商在中國大陸投資之研究,逢甲大學財稅所碩士論文
王延明,2003,上市公司所得稅負擔研究-來自規模、地區和行業的經驗證據,管理世界,第1 期:115-122
王學英,2010,淺談所得稅會計應付稅款法與資產負債表債務法,甘肅科技第26卷第10期
北京國家會計學院會計準則與稅法研究所,2009,新企業所得稅法與會計準則差異及分析
江素芳、于莉, 2009,新舊所得稅會計差異的探討,中國環境管理幹部學院學報,頁113-115
何艷宏,2008,最低稅負制實施前後我國上市上櫃公司有效稅率之相關研究,逢 甲大學財稅研究所碩士論文
李顯峰,2007,我國建立稀釋資本課稅制度之研究,財政部賦稅署
汪祥耀、鄧川等,2005,澳大利亞會計準則及其國際趨同戰略研究,上海立信會計出版社
車菲,2005,企業會計制度改革中的所得稅會計問題研究,天津財金大學會計學碩士論文
周銀燕,2007,我國會計制度變遷的研究,西北大學碩士論文
林怡伶,2007,中國上市公司有效稅率之實證研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文
侯宜廷,2007,最低稅負制對我國上市(櫃)公司稅負影響之研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文
馬劍平,2004,促進我國內外資企業稅負公平的對策,暨南大學經濟學系碩士論文。
高可葳,2010,中國上市公司租稅負擔之研究,國立東華大學會計與財務金融碩士學位學程論文
郭彥劭,2008,中國大陸企業所得稅法改革歷程與新法實施後之影響研究,交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文
陳明進,2003,兩稅合一前後公司有效稅率之比較研究,國科會研究計畫
彭筱棻,2009,大陸新舊制企業所得稅法之財稅差異比較研究,銘傳大學會計學系碩士論文
溫寶國,2010,新企業所得稅法框架下反避稅問題研究,吉林大學碩士論文
廖慧樺,2009,移轉定價對企業所得稅負擔之研究,逢甲大學財稅研究所碩士論文
劉庭君,2010,大陸新企業所得稅法及勞動合同法實施前後對台商有效稅率之影響,輔仁大學會計學系碩士論文
劉劍文,2008,大陸地區《企業所得稅法》反避稅制度之簡析
劉劍文等著,2010,《企業所得稅法》實施問題研究-以北京為基礎的實證分析,北京大學出版社
蔡宏標,2011,公司有效稅率影響因素的實證分析,商業時代 2011年第10期
盧順權,2006,統一內外資企業所得稅的探討,對外經濟貿易大學國際貿易學系碩士論文。

二、英文部分
Ajay Adhikari , Chek Derashid and Hao Zhang.2006. Public policy, political connections,and effective tax rates: Longitudinal evidence from Malaysia.Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 25 (2006) 574–595
Boudewijn Janssen. 2005. Corporate effective tax rates in the Netherlands. DE ECONOMIST 153, NO. 1, 2005:47–66
Gupta, S. and K. Newberry. 1997. Determinants of the variability in corporate effect
rax rates: Evidence from longitudinal data. Journal of Accounting and Public
Policy 16: 1-34
Liu, Chi-chun, Suming Lin, and Der-fen Huang.2001. Factors influencing corporateeffective tax rates in Taiwan. Taiwan Accounting Review 2(1): 57-84.
Porcano, T. 1986. Corporate tax rates: Progressive, proportional, or regressive. The Journal of the American Taxation Association 7(2): 17-31
Siegfried, J. 1974. Effective average U. S. corporation income tax rates. National Tax Journal 27(2): 245-259.
Xing, L. and Shujun, C.2007. Determinants of corporate effective tax rates.The Chinese Economy,vol. 40, no. 6,November-December 2007:49-67
Zimmerman, J. 1983. Taxes and firm size. Journal of Accounting and Economics 5(2):119-149.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
會計研究所
98353022
99
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353022
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 許崇源zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇奧迪zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 蘇奧迪zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2010en_US
dc.date.accessioned 5-Sep-2013 14:27:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 5-Sep-2013 14:27:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Sep-2013 14:27:40 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0098353022en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/60353-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 會計研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 98353022zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 新企業所得稅法實施後,內外資企業所得稅法被統一,不一致的情形被消弭,稅收優惠的政策也從對外資企業的普遍優惠制轉變成以產業為導向。凡此種種改變,皆對中國大陸上市企業之有效稅率產生影響。本文以2003年-2010年中國大陸上市企業的財務資料做實證研究。

本文主要研究的課題有三:一、探討新企業所得稅法實施前後稅前扣除規定對有效稅率的影響;二、新企業所得稅法中規定的反資本弱化條款對企業有效稅率是否有影響?;三、內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,各地區是否仍有顯著的稅境差異?

第一個課題用兩個變數來捕捉,一個是薪資費用,一個是營運費用。薪資費用在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一前與有效稅率為負相關。本文推論該情形因為高階管理人員的薪資沒有正常列報,而可能的原因有三:一、租稅規劃原因,二、避免薪酬過高引起社會各界關注,故分配在各個關係企業,三、國家對國有企業的高階管理人薪資有限制。

營運費用在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一前與有效稅率為正相關,與假說預計情況相同。這部分可用財稅差異的觀點來解釋。而內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,應納稅所得額的計算規則更為公平合理,故營運費用對有效稅率的影響為負相關。第二個課題是討論資本弱化條款的問題。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,該變數之係數呈現顯著正相關,代表中國大陸在內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,反避稅措施的實施已然有些成效。

第三個課題是稅境差異的問題。本文地區性虛擬變數的設置以西部地區為對照組。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之前,較明顯享受稅收優惠政策的地區是西部地區與經濟特區,故東部地區與中部地區的係數顯著為正,而經濟地區呈現不顯著的狀態。內外資企業所得稅兩稅合一之後,地區別的稅收優惠政策只剩下西部地區中的鼓勵類產業才能享受,而實證結果也明確顯示中國大陸政府預期的結果。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) After new enterprise income tax law enacted , income tax law applicable to both domestic and foreign-owned enterprise are unified,the difference between those income tax law are gone. The new law scraps the original emphasis on regional incentives in favor of industry-oriented incentives supplemented by regional ones . All of these changes affect corporate effective tax rates of China Listed companies . This study used the sample of china listed companies spanning from 2003-2010.

This study have three main topics : First, to discuss how the pre-tax deduction rules affect corporate effective tax rates before and after implementation of the new law. Second, does the anti-thin capitalization rule in the new law have some effect to corporate effective tax rates? Third, after implementation of the new law,are there still big difference between regions?

This study used two variables to examine first topic-salary expense and operating expense. Salary expense had a negative correlation with corporate effective tax rates before implementation of the new law. I consider it came from salary information disclosure of senior executives which could be explained in three ways. First, tax planning purpose. Second, in case of drawing attention from publics, part of salary were paid by affiliated companys. Third,the country imposed caps on senior executive pay in state-owned enterprises.

Operating expense had a positive relation with corporate effective tax rates before implementation of the new law which is the same as hypothesis. It could be explained in terms of book-tax differences. After implementation of the new law, rules for computation taxable income are more fair and reasonable. As a result, operating expense has a negative relation with corporate effective tax rates. The second topic discuss about anti-thin capitalization rule.After implementation of the new law, the variable standing for anti-thin capitalization rule is significantly positively correlated with corporate effective tax rates.It represents that, after implementation of the new law, China authorities make progress in anti-tax avoidance.


The third topic is about tax burden between regions. This study used western region as a control group. Before implementation of the new law, preferential tax policies were subject to western region and Special Economic Zones. For this reason, the region dummy variables—central China and east China were significantly positively correlated with corporate effective tax rates, but the coefficient of western region dummy variable did not reach statistical significance. After implemention of the new law, preferential tax policies is subject only to domestic enterprises belonging to the category encouraged by the State in western region. The empirical results conform to the anticipation of China authorities.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄
緒 論 1
一、研究動機與目的 1
二、研究問題 2
三、研究架構 3
貳、中國大陸相關體制介紹 5
一、中國大陸稅法體系 5
二、中國大陸會計制度體系 19
參、文獻探討 26
一、中國大陸企業所得稅法與有效稅率交互關係的國內相關文獻 26
二、有效稅率的決定因素 28
三、檢驗稅法變動前後有效稅率的相關文獻 30
肆、研究方法 32
一、研究假說 32
二、實證模式 41
三、變數定義及衡量 44
四、資料來源與處理 51
伍、實證結果與分析 52
一、敘述統計分析 52
二、相關係數分析 56
三、實證結果分析 58
陸、結論與建議 66
一、研究結論 66
二、研究限制 69
三、研究建議 70
參考文獻 71
一、中文部分 71
二、英文部分 72

表目錄
表2-1 內外資企業所得稅稅前扣除之差異項目(新企業所得稅法實施前後) 6
表2-2 財務會計利潤與課稅所得差異項目 24
表4-1 變數定義 44
表4-2 樣本篩選過程 51
表5-1 2003-2007年上市企業各變數之敘述性統計值 53
表5-2 2008-2010年上市企業各變數之敘述性統計值 54
表5-3 2003-2010年上市企業各變數之敘述性統計值 55
表5-4 2003-2007各變數之皮爾森相關係數 57
表5-5 2008-2010各變數之皮爾森相關係數 57
表5-6 有效稅率迴歸模式實證結果 62
表5-7 有效稅率迴歸模式實證結果 64

圖目錄
圖1 1研究架構 4
圖4 1所得稅會計方法 46
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 831672 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.language.iso en_US-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0098353022en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 有效稅率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 稅收優惠政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 企業所得稅zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Effective Tax Rateen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Preferential Tax Policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Corporate Income Taxen_US
dc.title (題名) 中國大陸新企業所得稅實施對有效稅率影響之探討zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The impact of new Chinese enterprise income tax law on effective tax rate of China listed companiesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
中國註冊會計師協會,2010,註冊會計師全國統一考試輔導教材-稅法,北京:
經濟科學出版社
王佳珍,2009,有效稅率對台商在中國大陸投資之研究,逢甲大學財稅所碩士論文
王延明,2003,上市公司所得稅負擔研究-來自規模、地區和行業的經驗證據,管理世界,第1 期:115-122
王學英,2010,淺談所得稅會計應付稅款法與資產負債表債務法,甘肅科技第26卷第10期
北京國家會計學院會計準則與稅法研究所,2009,新企業所得稅法與會計準則差異及分析
江素芳、于莉, 2009,新舊所得稅會計差異的探討,中國環境管理幹部學院學報,頁113-115
何艷宏,2008,最低稅負制實施前後我國上市上櫃公司有效稅率之相關研究,逢 甲大學財稅研究所碩士論文
李顯峰,2007,我國建立稀釋資本課稅制度之研究,財政部賦稅署
汪祥耀、鄧川等,2005,澳大利亞會計準則及其國際趨同戰略研究,上海立信會計出版社
車菲,2005,企業會計制度改革中的所得稅會計問題研究,天津財金大學會計學碩士論文
周銀燕,2007,我國會計制度變遷的研究,西北大學碩士論文
林怡伶,2007,中國上市公司有效稅率之實證研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文
侯宜廷,2007,最低稅負制對我國上市(櫃)公司稅負影響之研究,國立政治大學會計研究所碩士論文
馬劍平,2004,促進我國內外資企業稅負公平的對策,暨南大學經濟學系碩士論文。
高可葳,2010,中國上市公司租稅負擔之研究,國立東華大學會計與財務金融碩士學位學程論文
郭彥劭,2008,中國大陸企業所得稅法改革歷程與新法實施後之影響研究,交通大學管理科學研究所碩士論文
陳明進,2003,兩稅合一前後公司有效稅率之比較研究,國科會研究計畫
彭筱棻,2009,大陸新舊制企業所得稅法之財稅差異比較研究,銘傳大學會計學系碩士論文
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