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題名 論科諾寡占中之垂直整併促成:以互補要素模型分析
Vertical Merger Facilitation in Cournot Oligopolies with Complementary Inputs作者 陳畊嘉
Chen, Keng Chia貢獻者 溫偉任
Wen, Wei Jen
陳畊嘉
Chen, Keng Chia關鍵詞 垂直整併
產業結構
賽局理論
科諾寡占
雙互補要素
補貼
Vertical Integration
Industry Structure
Game Theory
Cournot Oligopolies
Complementary Inputs
Subsidy日期 2013 上傳時間 1-Oct-2014 13:43:33 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文利用互補要素模型分析科諾寡占市場之垂直整併誘因，並討論模型中存在的各種均衡市場結構。當上游的中間財一由獨占廠商生產，另一由寡占廠商生產時，獨占的中間財生產者的利潤會隨著垂直整併廠商家數增加而增加。其原因在於垂直整併廠商消除了雙重加價而降低生產成本，從而增加均衡產量並衍生對獨占的中間財之需求。由於獨占中間財廠商可以從其他廠商的垂直整併獲利，它甚至有誘因貼補其他廠商以促成垂直整併，使得產業均衡結構變成完全整併。本文亦支持垂直整併會促進效率的論點，並當有獨占勞工工會存在時，廠商進行產業垂直整併後會使得勞工工資上漲。因此本文結果可對反托拉斯法的垂直整併管制提供多元政策意涵，並對多要素投入的垂直相關市場有更全面的市場結構預測。
The equilibrium industry structure is investigated in this research by using a complementary input model highlighting the vertical integration incentives in a Cournot successive oligopolistic market. The upstream input markets composed of a monopolist and N oligopolists would exhibit the increasing monopolistic rent as more vertically-integrated firms emerge in the market. This equilibrium is sustained by the production boosting outcome resulting from the circumvention of the double marginalization problem for the vertically-integrated producers which in turn drives up the derived demand toward the solely supplied upstream input. The more vertically-integrated firms in a market, the more profits a monopolist gains. There is an incentive for it to subsidise vertical integration. The result here also supports the efficiency-improving and the wage-increasing result stemming from the larger output and lower price in the final goods market after the vertical integration. This paper would shed some light on the antitrust regulation over the vertical integration in vertically-related markets composed of multiple complementary inputs.參考文獻 [1]Bork, R. H. (1978), “The antitrust paradox: A policy at war with itself. ”[2]Chen, Y. (2001), “On vertical mergers and their competitive effects”, RAND Journal of Economics, 667–685.[3]Gaudet, G. and Long, N. (1996), “Vertical integration, foreclosure, and profits in the presence of double marginalization”, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 5(3), 409–432.[4]Hart, O., Tirole, J., Carlton, D. W., and Williamson, O. E. (1990), “Vertical integration and market foreclosure”, Brookings papers on economic activity, Microeconomics, 205–286. [5]Hecking, H. and Panke, T. (2014), “Quantity-setting oligopolies in complementary input markets-the case of iron ore and coking coal”, Technical report, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln.[6]Joskow, P. L. (1985), “Vertical integration and long-term contracts: The case of coalburning electric generating plants”, JL Econ. and Org., 1, 33.[7]Lee, W. C. and Wen, W. J.(2011), “Endogenous Vertical Industrial Structure in a Successive Oligopolistic Entry Game”.[8]Matsumura, T. and Ogawa, A. (2012), “Price versus quantity in a mixed duopoly”, Economics Letters, 116(2), 174–177.[9]Matsushima, N. and Mizuno, T. (2012), “Equilibrium vertical integration with complementary input markets”, The BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 12(1).[10]――――――――(2013), “Vertical separation as a defense against strong suppliers”, European Journal of Operational Research, 228(1), 208–216.[11]Ordover, J. A., Saloner, G., and Salop, S. C. (1990), “Equilibrium vertical foreclosure”, The American Economic Review, 127–142.[12]Reisinger, M. and Tarantino, E. (2013), “Vertical integration with complementary inputs”. [13]Salinger, M. A. (1988), “Vertical mergers and market foreclosure”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(2), 345–356.[14]Shy, O. (1995), “Industrial organization: theory and applications”, MIT press.[15]Wang, K.-C., Koo, H.-W., and Chen, T.-J. (2005), “Strategic buying or selling?: The behavior of vertically-integrated firms in the intermediate goods market”, Journal of Economic Integration, 20(2), 366–382.[16]Zhao, L. (2001), “Unionization, vertical markets, and the outsourcing of multinationals, Journal of International Economics”, 55(1), 187–202.[17]長內厚(2012),“鴻海加夏普電視殺價戰才正要開始！ ”, 台北: 今周刊815 期。[18]陈若冰(2013),“《图话》：“废城”底特律”, 北京: 騰訊新聞。50 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
國際經營與貿易研究所
101351029
102資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101351029 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 溫偉任 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Wen, Wei Jen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳畊嘉 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Keng Chia en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳畊嘉 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Keng Chia en_US dc.date (日期) 2013 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Oct-2014 13:43:33 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Oct-2014 13:43:33 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Oct-2014 13:43:33 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101351029 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/70329 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國際經營與貿易研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101351029 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 102 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文利用互補要素模型分析科諾寡占市場之垂直整併誘因，並討論模型中存在的各種均衡市場結構。當上游的中間財一由獨占廠商生產，另一由寡占廠商生產時，獨占的中間財生產者的利潤會隨著垂直整併廠商家數增加而增加。其原因在於垂直整併廠商消除了雙重加價而降低生產成本，從而增加均衡產量並衍生對獨占的中間財之需求。由於獨占中間財廠商可以從其他廠商的垂直整併獲利，它甚至有誘因貼補其他廠商以促成垂直整併，使得產業均衡結構變成完全整併。本文亦支持垂直整併會促進效率的論點，並當有獨占勞工工會存在時，廠商進行產業垂直整併後會使得勞工工資上漲。因此本文結果可對反托拉斯法的垂直整併管制提供多元政策意涵，並對多要素投入的垂直相關市場有更全面的市場結構預測。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) The equilibrium industry structure is investigated in this research by using a complementary input model highlighting the vertical integration incentives in a Cournot successive oligopolistic market. The upstream input markets composed of a monopolist and N oligopolists would exhibit the increasing monopolistic rent as more vertically-integrated firms emerge in the market. This equilibrium is sustained by the production boosting outcome resulting from the circumvention of the double marginalization problem for the vertically-integrated producers which in turn drives up the derived demand toward the solely supplied upstream input. The more vertically-integrated firms in a market, the more profits a monopolist gains. There is an incentive for it to subsidise vertical integration. The result here also supports the efficiency-improving and the wage-increasing result stemming from the larger output and lower price in the final goods market after the vertical integration. This paper would shed some light on the antitrust regulation over the vertical integration in vertically-related markets composed of multiple complementary inputs. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 1 緒論 12 文獻回顧與探討 43 理論基礎 73.1 基準模型設定 73.1.1 模型參數定義 93.1.2 賽局決策順序 103.2 基準模型均衡分析 113.2.1 下游市場競爭階段 113.2.2 上游市場競爭階段(X 要素市場) 123.2.3 上游市場競爭階段(Y 要素市場) 133.3 基準模型研究結果 173.3.1 「完全整併」為唯一均衡解之產業結構 173.3.2 同時存在「完全整併」或「完全分立」兩種均衡解之產業結構 213.3.3 各內生參數與廠商總家數及整併廠商組數之關係 294 加入新賽局階段的延伸模型 314.1 延伸模型設定 314.1.1 賽局決策順序 314.2 延伸模型研究結果 334.2.1 獨占廠商進行補貼之意願與可行性 334.2.2 與Gaudet and Long (1996) 之模型比較 354.2.3 非獨占廠商進行補貼之可能性 375 結論、建議與未來研究展望 38A 附錄 42A.1 輔理一證明 42A.2 輔理二證明 42A.3 輔理三證明 43A.4 定理三證明 47B 英文參考文獻 48C 中文參考文獻 50圖目錄1 N家上游B廠商及下游D廠商，其中有K組整併為M廠商 82 賽局決策順序(一) 103 賽局決策順序(二) 324 均衡比較表 39表目錄1 文獻摘要比較表 62 模型參數定義 93 當上下游廠商家數各兩家(N = 2) 時之各參數值 174 當上下游廠商家數各兩家(N = 2) 時之整併賽局 175 當上下游廠商家數各三家(N = 3) 時之各參數值 186 當上下游廠商家數各四家(N = 4) 時之各參數值 217 不同廠商家數N 下所對應的反轉點 228 在不同廠商家數N下，成為第一家整併廠商之上下游部門利潤變化量 259 廠商家數為N及無窮時，產業結構為完全分立及完全整併下之均衡解 2610 各內生參數與廠商總家數N及整併廠商組數K之關係 2911 當上下游廠商家數各四家(N = 4)時之利潤 3312 兩模型在上下游廠商家數各四家(N = 4) 時之利潤比較 3513 兩模型在上下游廠商家數各五家(N = 5) 時之利潤比較 36 zh_TW dc.format.extent 624348 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.language.iso en_US - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101351029 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 垂直整併 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 產業結構 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 賽局理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科諾寡占 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙互補要素 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 補貼 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Vertical Integration en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Industry Structure en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Game Theory en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cournot Oligopolies en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Complementary Inputs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Subsidy en_US dc.title (題名) 論科諾寡占中之垂直整併促成:以互補要素模型分析 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Vertical Merger Facilitation in Cournot Oligopolies with Complementary Inputs en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) [1]Bork, R. H. (1978), “The antitrust paradox: A policy at war with itself. ”[2]Chen, Y. (2001), “On vertical mergers and their competitive effects”, RAND Journal of Economics, 667–685.[3]Gaudet, G. and Long, N. (1996), “Vertical integration, foreclosure, and profits in the presence of double marginalization”, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 5(3), 409–432.[4]Hart, O., Tirole, J., Carlton, D. W., and Williamson, O. E. (1990), “Vertical integration and market foreclosure”, Brookings papers on economic activity, Microeconomics, 205–286. [5]Hecking, H. and Panke, T. (2014), “Quantity-setting oligopolies in complementary input markets-the case of iron ore and coking coal”, Technical report, Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln.[6]Joskow, P. L. (1985), “Vertical integration and long-term contracts: The case of coalburning electric generating plants”, JL Econ. and Org., 1, 33.[7]Lee, W. C. and Wen, W. J.(2011), “Endogenous Vertical Industrial Structure in a Successive Oligopolistic Entry Game”.[8]Matsumura, T. and Ogawa, A. (2012), “Price versus quantity in a mixed duopoly”, Economics Letters, 116(2), 174–177.[9]Matsushima, N. and Mizuno, T. (2012), “Equilibrium vertical integration with complementary input markets”, The BE Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 12(1).[10]――――――――(2013), “Vertical separation as a defense against strong suppliers”, European Journal of Operational Research, 228(1), 208–216.[11]Ordover, J. A., Saloner, G., and Salop, S. C. (1990), “Equilibrium vertical foreclosure”, The American Economic Review, 127–142.[12]Reisinger, M. and Tarantino, E. (2013), “Vertical integration with complementary inputs”. [13]Salinger, M. A. (1988), “Vertical mergers and market foreclosure”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 103(2), 345–356.[14]Shy, O. (1995), “Industrial organization: theory and applications”, MIT press.[15]Wang, K.-C., Koo, H.-W., and Chen, T.-J. (2005), “Strategic buying or selling?: The behavior of vertically-integrated firms in the intermediate goods market”, Journal of Economic Integration, 20(2), 366–382.[16]Zhao, L. (2001), “Unionization, vertical markets, and the outsourcing of multinationals, Journal of International Economics”, 55(1), 187–202.[17]長內厚(2012),“鴻海加夏普電視殺價戰才正要開始！ ”, 台北: 今周刊815 期。[18]陈若冰(2013),“《图话》：“废城”底特律”, 北京: 騰訊新聞。50 zh_TW
