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題名 普丁時期俄羅斯LGBT人權之研究
A Study of Russia’s LGBT Human Rights in the Putin Era作者 陳詠琁
Chen, Yung Hsuan貢獻者 林永芳
Lin, Yung Fang
陳詠琁
Chen, Yung Hsuan關鍵詞 LGBT
人權
非政府組織
蘇聯遺緒
LGBT
human rights
NGOs
soviet legacy日期 2014 上傳時間 1-Apr-2015 10:12:12 (UTC+8) 摘要 本文重新檢視蘇聯時期的人權發展脈絡，接著將時序推進到蘇聯解體的今日，從後共國家的共同人權問題歸結出蘇聯人權遺緒，接著從討論大範圍的人權概況，漸漸聚焦到俄羅斯LGBT人權之現況與限制。而又人權問題的突破，非政府組織的角色至關重要，因此本文利用俄羅斯第一個跨區域的人權非政府組織，「俄羅斯LGBT網路」作為個案研究的對象，探討《反同志宣傳法案》以及「外國代理人」法案對俄羅斯LGBT人權的影響，以及如何突破現況之策略。 本文研究發現普丁時期俄羅斯LGBT人權的發展困難重重，其一是受到蘇聯遺緒的影響，縱然蘇聯解體後不久，同志性行為即除罪化，但是認為LGBT為「異常」的大眾思維仍深植人心；其二是受到俄羅斯東正教的影響，在聖經一夫一妻制的框架底下，同志的結合被視為墮落的象徵、世界末日的預兆。在此同時，《反同志宣傳法案》的施行，使得俄羅斯LGBT族群再次面臨無法自由表述同志理念的困境。
This study examines the context of human rights development in Soviet era and summarizes the Soviet legacy in human rights from post-communist countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Then it discusses the current status of modern human rights and gradually focuses on the status quo and restrictions of Russia’s LGBT human rights. Since the role of NGOs is critical to breakthrough the predicament of human rights, this study uses “Russian LGBT Network”, the first interregional NGOs of LGBT in Russia, as the case study target to discuss the impacts of “gay propaganda law”, established in 2013, and “foreign agents law”, adopted in 2012, toward Russia’s LGBT human rights. The strategy to resolve the issue of human rights in Modern Russia is also discussed. This study finds that there are two reasons for the difficulty of developing Russia’s LGBT human rights in the Putin era. First, public opinion still views LGBT as “abnormal” despite same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults in private was decriminalized in 1993. Second, under Russian orthodox, LGBT is considered as a dangerous symptom to apocalypse. At the same time, “gay propaganda law” was passed and let Russia’s LGBT community couldn’t freely express their concept about LGBT rights.參考文獻 中文（一）、專書Baird, Vanessa著，江明親譯，《性別多樣化：彩繪性別光譜》，（臺北市：書林出版社，2003）David Lewis著，馮瑞麒譯，《非政府組織管理初探》（臺北市：五南，2007）Deborah T. Meem,Michelle A. Gibson,Jonathan F. 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ia-moldava/〉(2014/11/27)「NGO-反政府利器：俄羅斯已經意識到了：“外國代理人”法案通過」 〈http://www.kaixin001.com/repaste/11622177_7028679421.html〉(2014/04/25)「UN嚴重關注：俄羅斯法律箝制NGO」〈http://www.taiwanngo.tw/files/16-1000-24214.php?Lang=zh-tw〉(2014/12/18)「人權組織：塔吉克嫌犯受虐嚴重」 〈https://hk.news.yahoo.com/〉(2014/04/25)「人權組織批烏茲別克人權繼續惡化」〈http://www.voafanti.com/gate/big5/www.voachinese.com/articleprintview/1019699.html〉(2014/04/18)「卡廷事件來龍去脈」 〈http://www.360doc.com/content/13/0525/14/9144947_288071161.shtml〉 (2014/04/29)「史無前例 聯合國通過宣言 支持同性戀者人權」〈http://news.rti.org.tw/index_newsContent.aspx?nid=302907〉 (2013/6/22)「反同共識高 俄國通過反同志法」〈http://www.anntw.com/awakening/news_center/show.php?itemid=41941〉 (2013/6/20)「反同志情結高漲 俄一男遭虐死」〈http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90%E9%AB%98%E6%BC%B2-%E4%BF%84-%E7%94%B7%E9%81%AD%E8%99%90%E6%AD%BB-145003325.html〉（2013/6/21）「世界人權委員會」《維也納宣言和行動綱領》 〈http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx〉（2013/12/26）「吉爾吉斯人權狀況惡化加強監控媒體」 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27位諾奬得主連署強批」〈http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/chinesedaily/20140124/06025401635.html〉(2014/11/27)「俄羅斯索契冬奧會蒙上反同性戀「【俄羅斯】NGO被迫登記為『外國代理人』」〈http://www.amnesty.tw/news/1599〉(2014/12/20)「俄羅斯反普京「利器」遭政府徹查」〈http://news.takungpao.com.hk/world/watch/2015-01/2878301.html〉(2015/1/7)「普京鐵腕下俄羅斯人權運動會否「一夜回到前蘇聯」？」〈http://tw.aboluowang.com/2013/0526/308707.html#sthash.MymGFc69.dpbs〉(2014/12/24)」「俄羅斯索契冬奧會蒙上反同性戀陰影」 〈http://www.gaytie.info/archives/24682〉(2014/12/5)「俄羅斯：索契冬奧突顯恐同暴力」 〈http://www.hrw.org/pt/node/123153〉(2014/12/6)「普京：俄羅斯同性戀的權利不會受到侵害」〈http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_duiwai/20130626/43798770.html〉 (2013/6/26)「普京向參加索契冬奧會同性戀發出警告」〈http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/01/140117_putin_olympics_ gay〉(2014/12/6)「認為中國會滅亡史達林清洗30萬遠東中國人」 〈http://news.ifeng.com/history/1/midang/200812/1216_2664_923442.shtml〉 (2014/05/03)「聯合國經社理事會：批准國際同性戀者聯合會為咨商會員」〈http://www.2girl.net/article-7291-1.html〉(2014/12/28) 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
101263003
103資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101263003 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 林永芳 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Lin, Yung Fang en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳詠琁 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Yung Hsuan en_US dc.creator (作者) 陳詠琁 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chen, Yung Hsuan en_US dc.date (日期) 2014 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Apr-2015 10:12:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Apr-2015 10:12:12 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Apr-2015 10:12:12 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101263003 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/74302 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 俄羅斯研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 101263003 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文重新檢視蘇聯時期的人權發展脈絡，接著將時序推進到蘇聯解體的今日，從後共國家的共同人權問題歸結出蘇聯人權遺緒，接著從討論大範圍的人權概況，漸漸聚焦到俄羅斯LGBT人權之現況與限制。而又人權問題的突破，非政府組織的角色至關重要，因此本文利用俄羅斯第一個跨區域的人權非政府組織，「俄羅斯LGBT網路」作為個案研究的對象，探討《反同志宣傳法案》以及「外國代理人」法案對俄羅斯LGBT人權的影響，以及如何突破現況之策略。 本文研究發現普丁時期俄羅斯LGBT人權的發展困難重重，其一是受到蘇聯遺緒的影響，縱然蘇聯解體後不久，同志性行為即除罪化，但是認為LGBT為「異常」的大眾思維仍深植人心；其二是受到俄羅斯東正教的影響，在聖經一夫一妻制的框架底下，同志的結合被視為墮落的象徵、世界末日的預兆。在此同時，《反同志宣傳法案》的施行，使得俄羅斯LGBT族群再次面臨無法自由表述同志理念的困境。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study examines the context of human rights development in Soviet era and summarizes the Soviet legacy in human rights from post-communist countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Then it discusses the current status of modern human rights and gradually focuses on the status quo and restrictions of Russia’s LGBT human rights. Since the role of NGOs is critical to breakthrough the predicament of human rights, this study uses “Russian LGBT Network”, the first interregional NGOs of LGBT in Russia, as the case study target to discuss the impacts of “gay propaganda law”, established in 2013, and “foreign agents law”, adopted in 2012, toward Russia’s LGBT human rights. The strategy to resolve the issue of human rights in Modern Russia is also discussed. This study finds that there are two reasons for the difficulty of developing Russia’s LGBT human rights in the Putin era. First, public opinion still views LGBT as “abnormal” despite same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults in private was decriminalized in 1993. Second, under Russian orthodox, LGBT is considered as a dangerous symptom to apocalypse. At the same time, “gay propaganda law” was passed and let Russia’s LGBT community couldn’t freely express their concept about LGBT rights. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1第一節 研究動機與目的 1第二節 研究途徑與方法 6第三節 研究範圍與限制 10第四節 文獻回顧 12第五節 章節安排 21第二章 蘇聯及後共國家之人權發展 23第一節 蘇聯時期之人權紀錄 24第二節 後共國家之人權發展 35第三節 後共俄羅斯之人權概況 50第四節 小結 59第三章 俄羅斯LGBT人權發展 61第一節 全球LGBT人權發展 62第二節 俄羅斯LGBT人權現況與限制 74第三節 小結 91第四章 非政府組織—「俄羅斯LGBT網路」 93第一節 全球LGBT非政府組織發展 95第二節 「俄羅斯LGBT網路」緣起 104第三節 「俄羅斯LGBT網路」策略 113第四節 小結 121第五章 結論 124一、研究發現 125二、未來研究建議 131參考資料 132附錄：俄羅斯LGBT人權大事紀 143 zh_TW dc.format.extent 2135422 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101263003 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) LGBT zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人權 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 非政府組織 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 蘇聯遺緒 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) LGBT en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) human rights en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) NGOs en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) soviet legacy en_US dc.title (題名) 普丁時期俄羅斯LGBT人權之研究 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Study of Russia’s LGBT Human Rights in the Putin Era en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文（一）、專書Baird, Vanessa著，江明親譯，《性別多樣化：彩繪性別光譜》，（臺北市：書林出版社，2003）David Lewis著，馮瑞麒譯，《非政府組織管理初探》（臺北市：五南，2007）Deborah T. 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Estonia”〈http://iglhrc.org/sites/default/files/42-1.pdf〉(2015/1/2)“List of non-governmental organizations in consultative status with the Economic and Social Council as of 1 September 2013” 〈http://csonet.org/content/documents/e2013inf6.pdf〉(2014/12/28)“Violations of the Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, And Transgender Persons in RUSSIA”〈http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrc/docs/ngos/JointStatement_Russia97.pdf〉（2013/06/20）「支持 517『國際不再恐同日』 呼籲消弭歧視 LGBT 與恐同言行」〈http://www.guidance.org.tw/gender/The%20declaration%20of%20%20IDAH OT.pdf〉(2014/12/20)「自由之家」報告 〈http://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2013/russia#.U2Yf9vQW3d4〉 (2014/05/01)「同性戀的親密關係與家庭功能之剖析」〈https://tapcpr.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/e5908ce680a7e5a99ae5a7bbe7a094e7a9b6e695b4e79086_final.pdf〉(2014/12/2)“2013 Assembly Statement on Marriage and Sexuality”〈http://assemblyofbishops.org/about/documents/2013-assembly-statement-on-marriage-and-sexuality〉(2014/12/4)“87% of Russians Oppose Gay Parades”〈http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/87-of-russians-oppose-gay-parades/476773.html〉(2014/11/22)“Abomination: Homosexuality and the Ex-Gay Movement” 〈http://www.aglp.org/images/AbominationPressKit.pdf〉(2014/11/26)“Acceptance of gays in society varies widely”〈http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/acceptance-of-gays-in-society-varies-widely/2013/06/04/9f25c6d0-cd29-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html〉(2014/11/22)“Do governments keep what they promise about LGBT rights?”〈http://www.lgbtnet.dk/human-rights/un-universal-periodic-review〉 (2014/12/24)“Do Russians give a damn about homosexuality?”〈http://www.printfriendly.com/print?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fod-russia%2Falexander-kondakov%2Fdo-russians-give-damn-about-homosexuality%23.VHc5Iv1B_PM.printfriendly&title=Do+Russians+give+a+damn+about+homosexuality%3F+%7C+openDemocracy〉(2014/11/28)“Documenting the Death Toll: Research into the Mass Murder of Foreigners in Moscow, 1937-38”〈http://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/may-1999/documenting-the-death-toll-research-into-the-mass-murder-of-foreigners-in-moscow-1937-38〉(2014/05/03)“Economic and Social Justice” 〈http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/tb1b/Section1/tb1-2.htm〉 （2014/03/27）“Gay pride needs new direction” 〈http://www.denverpost.com/ci_6198394?source=rss〉(2014/10/28)“Gays are not Willingly Accepted in the Russian Army” 〈http://english.pravda.ru/business/finance/01-12-2003/4207-gayarmy-0/〉 (2014/11/25)“Helsinki Accords” 〈http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/260615/Helsinki-Accords〉 （2014/04/01）“Human rights watch”〈http://www.hrw.org/europecentral-asia/russia〉（2013/06/12）“In 2014, activists of the Russian LGBT Network organized more than 160 events all over the country” 〈 http://queerussia.info/2014/09/16/6362/#sthash.HzfZOHM0.dpbs〉(2015/1/8)“Laws of Attrition Crackdown on Russia’s Civil Society after Putin’s Return to the Presidency”, Human rights watch〈http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/russia0413_ForUpload.pdf 〉(2013/06/20)“Mapping the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Community in Atlanta” 〈https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/40805/ZacharyAdriaenssens_Mapping+the+LLGBT+Community+in+Atlanta.pdf;jsessionid=DF8DD7273D1AF41F0D85AE8B462657AC.smart2?sequence=1〉(2014/11/14)“Regional Perspectives On Human Rights: The Ussr”〈http://spice.stanford.edu/docs/regional_perspectives_on_human_rights_the_ussr_and_russia_part_one/〉(2014/01/24)“Resolution on Marriage Equality for Same-Sex Couples” 〈http://www.apa.org/about/policy/same-sex.aspx〉 (2014/11/13)“Russia`s Anti-Gay Law: Fueling an AIDS Crisis”〈http://www.worldpolicy.org/blog/2014/04/14/russias-anti-gay-law-fueling-aids-crisis〉(2014/12/2)“Russia: Father imprisoned gay teen son in rehab clinic after a witch failed to exorcise his homosexuality”〈http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/04/25/russia-father-imprisoned-gay-teen-son-in-rehab-clinic-after-a-witch-failed-to-exorcise-his-homosexuality/〉(2014/12/5)“Russian Gay History”〈http://community.middlebury.edu/~moss/RGC2.html〉(2013/06/15)“Statement by the board of the Russian LGBT etwork on inclusion of arkhangelsk regional non-governmental organization “Rakurs” in the register of “foreign agents””〈http://lgbtnet.ru/en/content/statement-board-russian-lgbt-network-inclusion-arkhangelsk-regional-non-governmental〉(2015/1/5)“The Contradiction Between Soviet and American Human Rights Doctrine: Reconciliation Through Perestroika and Pragmatism.” 〈http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1744&context=faculty_scholarship〉（2014/03/26） “The Facts on LGBT Rights in Russia” 〈http://www.globalequality.org/newsroom/latest-news/1-in-the-news/186-the-fa cts-on-lgbt-rights-in-russia〉(2014/11/27)“The Global Divide on Homosexuality” 〈http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/06/04/the-global-divide-on-homosexuality/〉 (2014/10/25)“The Helsinki process and the death of communism” 〈http://www.opendemocracy.net/democracy-protest/helsinki_2716.jsp〉 (2014/04/19)“The Orthodox Church’s role in Russia’s anti-gay laws” 〈http://ncronline.org/blogs/grace-margins/orthodox-church-s-role-russia-s-anti- gay-laws〉(2014/12/6)“THE RUSSIAN LGBT NETWORK 2012-2014 STRATEGIC PLAN ”〈http://www.lgbtnet.ru/en/content/strategic-plan〉(2014/12/24)“The Russian LGBT Network pronounces 2009 to be memorial year for the gay and lesbian victims of political repressions” 〈http://english.gay.ru/life/history/2009_memorial_year.html〉(2014/12/23) “UN Committee Recommends LGBT Organizations for ECOSOC Consultative Status”〈http://iglhrc.org/content/un-committee-recommends-lgbt-organizations-ecosoc -consultative-status〉(2014/12/28)“Why Russia Is So Anti-Gay”〈http://www.livescience.com/43273-why-russia-is-anti-gay.html〉(2014/12/4)“МОСКОВСКИЙ ГЕЙ-ПРАЙД”〈http://www.gayrussia.eu/gayprides/moscow/index.php〉(2014/11/20)“Уголовный кодекс РСФСР : Утвержден Верховным Советом РСФСР 27 октября 1960 года.”〈http://law.edu.ru/norm/norm.asp?normID=1241291&subID=100094395,100094402,100094410,100095200#text〉(2014/01/4)「台灣基督東正教會」〈http://theological.asia/〉(2014/12/4)「司法服務網」〈http://www.sffw.org/changshi/hyjt/201212/2221303_2.html〉(2014/11/14)「東正教-東正教自主教會與牧首區」〈http://euroasia.cass.cn/news/101982.htm〉(2014/12/4)「俄羅斯如何應對外國非政府組織」 〈http://www.xizhengw.com/thread-13792-1.html〉(2014/12/20)「國際協會聯盟」 〈http://www.uia.org/yearbook〉(2014/12/16)《約翰一書》 〈http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&book=1jn&chapter=4 〉 (2013/6/26)《哥林多前書》 〈http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&book=1co&chapter=6〉 (2013/6/26)《創世紀》 〈http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&book=gen&chapter=2〉 (2013/6/26)《利未記》 〈http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&book=lev&chapter=20〉 (2013/6/26) 《羅馬書》 〈http://www.o-bible.com/cgibin/ob.cgi?version=hb5&book=ro〉 (2013/6/26)（二）、新聞網站“German and EU foreign ministers slam Russia on gay rights”〈http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/german-and-eu-foreign-ministers-slam-russia-gay-rights300113〉(2014/11/27) “Not The Onion: Moscow Bans Gay Pride for Next 100 years” 〈http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/06/not-the-onion-moscow-bans-gay-pride-for-next-100-years/258296/〉(2014/11/24)“Poll: Almost a quarter of Russians want ‘compulsory treatment’ for gays and 5% think gay people should be ‘liquidated’”〈http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/03/12/poll-almost-a-quarter-of-russians-want-compulsory-treatment-for-gays-and-5-think-gay-people-should-be-liquidated/〉(2014/12/12)“Russian anti-gay bill passes, protesters detained”〈http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russian-anti-gay-bill-passes-protesters-detained/〉（2013/06/23）“Russia gay propaganda law fuels homophobic attacks”〈http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/71eaa49e-0580-11e3-8ed5-00144feab7de.html#axzz32SNnQboq〉(2014/05/11) “Russian LGBT Network speaks out against calls for a boycott of 2014 Olympics”〈http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/russian-lgbt-network-speaks-out-against-c alls-boycott-2014-olympics310713〉(2015/1/10)“Sochi Corporate Sponsors Urged to Speak Out Against Anti-LGBT Violence in Russia”〈http://www.hrc.org/blog/entry/40-rights-groups-urge-sochi-corporate-sponsors -to-speak-out-against-anti-lg〉(2015/1/10)“St. Petersburg host a pride parade” 〈http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=6031〉(2014/12/23)“Taipei LGBTs march proud and loud in Asia`s largest gay parade” 〈http://www.fridae.asia/gay-news/2008/09/29/2129.taipei-lgbts-march-proud- and-loud-in-asias-largest-gay-parade?n=sea&nm=taiwan+pride〉(2014/11/14) “UN issues first report on human rights of gay and lesbian people”〈http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=40743#.UcE0Bucwd2N〉 (2013/6/19)“U.N. rights office rejects anti-gay laws of Russia, Moldova”〈http://76crimes.com/2013/08/18/u-n-rights-office-rejects-anti-gay-laws-of-russ ia-moldava/〉(2014/11/27)「NGO-反政府利器：俄羅斯已經意識到了：“外國代理人”法案通過」 〈http://www.kaixin001.com/repaste/11622177_7028679421.html〉(2014/04/25)「UN嚴重關注：俄羅斯法律箝制NGO」〈http://www.taiwanngo.tw/files/16-1000-24214.php?Lang=zh-tw〉(2014/12/18)「人權組織：塔吉克嫌犯受虐嚴重」 〈https://hk.news.yahoo.com/〉(2014/04/25)「人權組織批烏茲別克人權繼續惡化」〈http://www.voafanti.com/gate/big5/www.voachinese.com/articleprintview/1019699.html〉(2014/04/18)「卡廷事件來龍去脈」 〈http://www.360doc.com/content/13/0525/14/9144947_288071161.shtml〉 (2014/04/29)「史無前例 聯合國通過宣言 支持同性戀者人權」〈http://news.rti.org.tw/index_newsContent.aspx?nid=302907〉 (2013/6/22)「反同共識高 俄國通過反同志法」〈http://www.anntw.com/awakening/news_center/show.php?itemid=41941〉 (2013/6/20)「反同志情結高漲 俄一男遭虐死」〈http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E6%83%85%E7%B5%90%E9%AB%98%E6%BC%B2-%E4%BF%84-%E7%94%B7%E9%81%AD%E8%99%90%E6%AD%BB-145003325.html〉（2013/6/21）「世界人權委員會」《維也納宣言和行動綱領》 〈http://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/vienna.aspx〉（2013/12/26）「吉爾吉斯人權狀況惡化加強監控媒體」 〈http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/7/28/n2604953.htm〉（2014/01/25）「國際不再恐同日香港官網」〈http://idahohk.org/2013/aboutus.php〉（2013/06/23）「昔相戀遭指犯罪 俄同志遭警痛毆」 〈http://news.tvbs.com.tw/entry/172459?&lightbox=1〉（2013/6/24）「奧巴馬指責俄反同性戀宣傳法 稱對其不能寬容」〈http://hk.crntt.com/doc/1026/6/8/5/102668531.html?coluid=7&kindid=0&docid=102668531〉(2014/11/27)「俄羅斯NGO管理法正式生效」〈http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2012/07/120721_russia_ngo.shtml〉 (2013/12/20)「俄國下議院杜馬通過禁止傳播同性戀法案」〈http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2013/06/130611_russia_antigay_law.shtml〉(2013/06/21)「俄總統下令公開卡廷事件歷史文件」〈http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2010-04-28/181920171262.shtml〉(2014/04/30)「俄修家庭法 禁止同志領養孤兒」〈http://www.lihpao.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-130429〉 (2013/6/21)「俄羅斯機場官員因是同志遭人打死」〈http://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4%E5%AE%98%E5%93%A1%E5%9B%A0%E6%98%AF%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97%E9%81%AD%E4%BA%BA%E6%89%93%E6%AD%BB-085242548.html 〉(2013/6/26)「俄反同志法 27位諾奬得主連署強批」〈http://dailynews.sina.com/bg/news/int/chinesedaily/20140124/06025401635.html〉(2014/11/27)「俄羅斯索契冬奧會蒙上反同性戀「【俄羅斯】NGO被迫登記為『外國代理人』」〈http://www.amnesty.tw/news/1599〉(2014/12/20)「俄羅斯反普京「利器」遭政府徹查」〈http://news.takungpao.com.hk/world/watch/2015-01/2878301.html〉(2015/1/7)「普京鐵腕下俄羅斯人權運動會否「一夜回到前蘇聯」？」〈http://tw.aboluowang.com/2013/0526/308707.html#sthash.MymGFc69.dpbs〉(2014/12/24)」「俄羅斯索契冬奧會蒙上反同性戀陰影」 〈http://www.gaytie.info/archives/24682〉(2014/12/5)「俄羅斯：索契冬奧突顯恐同暴力」 〈http://www.hrw.org/pt/node/123153〉(2014/12/6)「普京：俄羅斯同性戀的權利不會受到侵害」〈http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_duiwai/20130626/43798770.html〉 (2013/6/26)「普京向參加索契冬奧會同性戀發出警告」〈http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/01/140117_putin_olympics_ gay〉(2014/12/6)「認為中國會滅亡史達林清洗30萬遠東中國人」 〈http://news.ifeng.com/history/1/midang/200812/1216_2664_923442.shtml〉 (2014/05/03)「聯合國經社理事會：批准國際同性戀者聯合會為咨商會員」〈http://www.2girl.net/article-7291-1.html〉(2014/12/28) zh_TW
