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題名 界定日語中的分類詞
Identifying classifiers in Japanese作者 王維
Wang, Wei貢獻者 何萬順
Her, One Soon
王維
Wang, Wei關鍵詞 分類詞
日語
量詞
中文
classifier
measure word
Japanese
Chinese日期 2015 上傳時間 3-Aug-2015 13:11:41 (UTC+8) 摘要 日文與中文一樣，皆是使用分類詞的語言。長久以來不乏學者討論日文的量詞，然而，對於界定何者為分類詞、如何區分助數詞、量詞和分類詞等議題，卻缺少統一的定論；一方面是因為語言學上對於分類詞的定義缺乏一定的標準，另一方面，傳統日文文法書中的概念，往往僅用「助數詞」一個詞類就概括了所有數量詞後面的詞類。本篇論文最主要的目標便是依照一個統一且清楚的定義，來界定日文的分類詞。此次研究先參考了四位語言學者的研究，和四本文法書中的分類詞列表，共整理出前人所列出673個可能的分類詞，之後再透過JpWac和Google Search蒐羅實際語料，對這673個詞逐一進行句法和語意測試，最後界定出其中只有115個是真正的日文分類詞。在此之後，為瞭解日本人對於名詞的分類和意識，便從這115個分類詞由底層到高層建立一項名詞的分類整理。最後，再由出一份問卷請以日文為母語的日本人填寫使用頻率，初步了解現代日本語中分類詞的使用狀況。結果顯示，僅有27個分類詞堪列為現代日本語中常使用的分類詞，期望這些真正的分類詞能成為日後臺灣在日文教學之參考。
Japanese is one of the languages that use numeral classifiers, which can be combined with both numerals and nouns. However, Japanese grammar books tend to use “counters” to call all morphemes preceded by numerals, and in linguistic studies, the definition of numeral classifiers is controversial. Therefore, there is no consistent analysis in identifying Japanese classifiers.The goal of this thesis is to identify Japanese classifiers based on one consistent model. Eight previous works from both traditional grammar and linguistic areas were reviewed, and 673 possible classifiers were collected. Each of the 673 possible classifiers is tested to identify true Japanese classifiers. Two corpora, JpWac and Google Search, are used to collect raw data for syntactic and semantic tests. As a result, only 115 true Japanese classifiers are found.After identifying the true classifiers, a bottom-up classification is performed to understand the concept of noun categorization by native Japanese speakers. A questionnaire is created to evaluate the usage frequencies of these true classifiers. Based on the survey, only 27 out of the 115 classifiers are estimated to be frequently used classifiers.參考文獻 Adams, Karen, and Nancy Conklin (1973) “Toward a Theory of Natural Classification,” Papers from the ninth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago, 1–10.Aikhenvald, Y. Alexandra (2000). Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford: New York.Alan, Hyun-Oak Kim (1995). Word Order at the Noun Phrase Level in Japanese: Quantifier Constructions and Discourse Functions. In Pamela A. Downing (ed.) Word Order in Discourse. PP.199-246.Amazaki, Osamu (2000). A Functional Analysis of Numeral Quantifier Constructions in Japanese. Chicago Linguistic Society 36, ed. by A. Okrent and J.P. Boyle, 1-14.Bender, Emily M. and Melanie Siegel (2005). Implementing the Syntax of Japanese Numeral Classifiers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 3248, 2005, pp 626-635.Chao, Yuen-Ren (1968). A grammar of spoken Chinese. University of California Press. PP 584-620.Croft, William (2001). Radical construction grammar. Oxford University Press. PP.119-124.Cheng, Lisa. L. S. and Rint Sybesma (1998). Yi-wan tang, yi-ge tang: Classifiers and massifiers. Tsing Hua journal of Chinese studies, 28(3), 385-412.Denny, Peter (1979). Semantic Analysis of Selected Japanese Numeral Classifiers for Units. Linguistics, 17, 317-335.Downing, Pamela (1983). The Anaphoric Use of Classifiers in Japanese. In the Proceedings of a Symposium on Categorization and Noun classification, October 1983. 345-375.Downing, Pamela (1984). Japanese Numeral Classifiers: A Semantic, Syntactic, and Functional Profile, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Downing, Pamela (1996). Numeral Classifier System: The Case of Japanese, John Benjamines, Amsterdam.Downing, Pamela and Micheal Noonan eds. (1995). Word Order in Discourse. John Benjemin: New York.Gil, David. (1994) Summary: Numeral Classifiers. Linguist List Vol 5: 466.Her, One-Soon (2010a). On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and Measure Words in Chinese. Language and Linguistic, 11:3, 527-557.Her, One-Soon (2010b). Distinguishing Classifiers and Measure Words. Thesis presented at The 4th Conference on Language, Discourse and Cognition (CLDC2010), National Taiwan University, Taipei.Her, One-Soon (2011). Classifiers: The Many Ways to Profile “One”. Paper presented at The 12th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.Her, One-Soon (2012). Distinguishing classifiers and measure words: A mathematical perspective and implications. Lingua 122:14, 1668-1691.Huang, Chu-Ren and Kathleen Ahrens (2003). Individual, kinds and Events: Classifier Coercion of Nouns. Language Science: 25:4. 353-373.Huang, Chu-Ren and Shu-Kai Hsieh et al. (2008). Constructing taxonomy of numerative classifiers for Asian languages. In Proceedings of the third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP 2008), pages 397–402.Iida, Asako (2004). Kazoe-kata no Ziten (数え方の辭典, Dictionary for counting things). Shˆogakukan. (written in Japanese).Kuno, Susumu (1973). The Structure of the Japanese Language. Cambridge: London.Lareau, François (2003). Towards an Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Japanese. Paper in ASIALEX Biennial International Conference (3rd : 2003) (27 - 29 August 2003 : Urayasu, Chiba, Japan).Lucy, A. John (Ed.). (1996). Grammatical categories and cognition: A case study of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge University Press.Lyons, John (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PP. 452-466.Matsumoto, Yo (1991).日本語類別詞の意味構造と体糸─原型意味論による分析。研語研究(Gengo Kenkyu), 99, 82-106. (Written in Japanese.)Matsumoto, Yo (1993). Japanese Numeral Classifiers: A Study of Semantic Cagegories and Lexical Organization. Linguistics, 31-4, 667-713.Miyagawa, Shigeru (2006). Locality in syntax and floated numeral quantifiers in Japanese and Korean. Proceedings of the 14 th Japanese/Korean Linguistic, ed. by Timothy J. Vance and Kimberly Jones, 270-282. Stanford, CA: CSLI.Nakanishi, Kimiko (2003). The Semantics of Measure Phrases. In the Proceedings of the 33rd Conference of the North East Linguistic Society (NELS 33), 225-244.Peyraube, Alain (1991). Some remarks on the history of Chinese classifiers. Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics, 3, 106-126.Paik, Kyounghee and Francis Bond (2000). Re-using an ontology to generate numeral classifiers. In 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: COLING-2000, 90–96, Saarbr¨ucken.Paik, Kyounghee and Francis Bond (2002). Spatial representation and shape classifiers in Japanese and Korean.In David I. Beaver, Luis D. Casillas Mart´ınez, Brady Z.Clark, and Stefan Kaufmann, editors, The Construction of Meaning, pages 163–180. CSLI Publications,Stanford CA.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2004). The quantificational function of the Japanese numeral classifier. Arbeitspapier Nr. 117. 151-166.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2006). The Classifier in Japanese Numeral Quantification. In T. Vance and K. Jones (eds.), Japanese / Korean Linguistics 14. Stanford: CSLI. 247-258.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2007). Individual-denoting classifiers. Nat Lang Semantics, 15:95-130.Sanches, Mary (1977). Language Acquisition and Language Change: Japanese Numeral Classifiers. In Ben G. Blount & Mary Sanches (Eds.), Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Change (pp. 51-62). New York: Academic Press.Senft, Gunter (2000). What do we really know about nominal classification systems? Systems of Nominal Classification, ed. by G. Senft, 11-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Shrestha, Arun (2010). Comparative Study of Newar and Japanese Classifier. Tribhuvan University Journal, Vol 27, No 1-2.Sornlertlamvanich, Virach, Pantachat, Wantanee and Surapant Meknavin (1994). Classifier assignment by corpus-based approach. In 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: COLING-94, pages 556–561, August.Sumiya, Hiromi (2006). The effect of familiarity and semantics on early acquisition of Japanese numerical classifiers. In Proceedings of the 30th annual Boston University conference on language development, ed. D. Bamman, T. Magnitskaia, and C. Zaller, 607–618. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Tai, James and Lian-qing Wang (1990). A Semantic Study of The Classifier Tiao. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 29.35-56.Tai, James (1992) Variation in Classifier Systems Across Chinese Dialects: Towards a Cognition—Based Semantic.Tai, James (1994). Chinese Classifier Systems and Human Categorization. In Matthew Y. Chen and Ovid J.L. Tzeng (eds.) In Honor of William S-Y Wang, Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language Change. Pyramid Press .479-494.T’sou, K. Benjamin (2001) Language Contact and Lexical Innovation. In M. Lackner, I. Amelung and J. Kurtz (Eds.), New Terms for New Ideas: Western Knowledge and Lexical Change in Late Imperial China. Berlin: Brill.Uchida, Nobuko and Mutsumi Imai (1999). Heuristics in Learning Classifiers: The Acquisition of the Classifier System and its Implications for the Nature of Lexical Acquisition. Japanese Psychological Resaerch, 41:1, 60-69.Ueda, Yasuki (2009). Number in Japanese and Chinese. Nanzan Linguistics. 5, 105-130Wang, Lian-qing (1994). Origin and Development of Classifiers in Chinese. Ph. D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University.Watanabe, Akira (2006). Functional Projections of Nominals in Japanese: Syntax of Classifiers. Natural Language and Linguisitc Theory, 24. 241-306.Wydell, N. Taeko, Butterworth, Brian and Karalyn Patterson (1995). The inconsistency of consistency effects in reading: The case of Japanese Kanji. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(5), 1155.Yamamoto, Kasumi and Frank Keil (2000). The Acquisition of Japanese Numeral Classifiers: Linkage Between Grammatical Forms and Concept Categorizations. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 9:4. 379-409.Yamamoto, Kasumi (2005). The acquisition of numeral classifiers: The case of Japanese children. Berlin: Mourton de Gruyter.洪雅琪(2003)。日本廣告標題之研究──以數量詞為中心。國立高雄第一科技大學應用日語系碩士論文。(Written in Japanese.)周明巍(2009)。日語主要量詞用法的日漢對比研究。黑龍江大學日與語言文學系碩士論文。(Written in Chinese.)蔡愷瑜(2010)。由對比與難度等級探討日籍學習者漢語分類詞之使用。國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文。(Written in Chinese)飯田朝子Iida, Asako (1999)。「有生物を数える助数詞再考察―ロボットはどう数えるか―」日本語言語学会第 119 回大会発表。(Written in Japanese)《NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典》(2006). 日本語放送出版協會編：日本。Appendix PP. 63-89. (Written in Japanese)顧明耀(2004)。標準日語語法。高等教育出版社：中國大陸。(Written in Chinese)錢紅日(ed.)(2011)。日本語文法百科辭典。山田社：臺灣。(Written in Chinese) 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
98555010資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0985550101 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 何萬順 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Her, One Soon en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 王維 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Wang, Wei en_US dc.creator (作者) 王維 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Wang, Wei en_US dc.date (日期) 2015 en_US dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2015 13:11:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 3-Aug-2015 13:11:41 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2015 13:11:41 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0985550101 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77116 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 98555010 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 日文與中文一樣，皆是使用分類詞的語言。長久以來不乏學者討論日文的量詞，然而，對於界定何者為分類詞、如何區分助數詞、量詞和分類詞等議題，卻缺少統一的定論；一方面是因為語言學上對於分類詞的定義缺乏一定的標準，另一方面，傳統日文文法書中的概念，往往僅用「助數詞」一個詞類就概括了所有數量詞後面的詞類。本篇論文最主要的目標便是依照一個統一且清楚的定義，來界定日文的分類詞。此次研究先參考了四位語言學者的研究，和四本文法書中的分類詞列表，共整理出前人所列出673個可能的分類詞，之後再透過JpWac和Google Search蒐羅實際語料，對這673個詞逐一進行句法和語意測試，最後界定出其中只有115個是真正的日文分類詞。在此之後，為瞭解日本人對於名詞的分類和意識，便從這115個分類詞由底層到高層建立一項名詞的分類整理。最後，再由出一份問卷請以日文為母語的日本人填寫使用頻率，初步了解現代日本語中分類詞的使用狀況。結果顯示，僅有27個分類詞堪列為現代日本語中常使用的分類詞，期望這些真正的分類詞能成為日後臺灣在日文教學之參考。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Japanese is one of the languages that use numeral classifiers, which can be combined with both numerals and nouns. However, Japanese grammar books tend to use “counters” to call all morphemes preceded by numerals, and in linguistic studies, the definition of numeral classifiers is controversial. Therefore, there is no consistent analysis in identifying Japanese classifiers.The goal of this thesis is to identify Japanese classifiers based on one consistent model. Eight previous works from both traditional grammar and linguistic areas were reviewed, and 673 possible classifiers were collected. Each of the 673 possible classifiers is tested to identify true Japanese classifiers. Two corpora, JpWac and Google Search, are used to collect raw data for syntactic and semantic tests. As a result, only 115 true Japanese classifiers are found.After identifying the true classifiers, a bottom-up classification is performed to understand the concept of noun categorization by native Japanese speakers. A questionnaire is created to evaluate the usage frequencies of these true classifiers. Based on the survey, only 27 out of the 115 classifiers are estimated to be frequently used classifiers. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction 11.1 Motivation and Purpose 41.2 Convention of the Data 121.3 Organization of the Thesis 14Chapter 2 Literature Review 162.1 Definitions of Japanese Numeral Classifiers 172.2 Inventories of Japanese Numeral Classifiers 372.3 Issues in Contemporary Japanese 472.4 Remarks 50Chapter 3 Methodology 523.1 Raw Data for Tests 523.2 Syntactic and Semantic Tests 553.3 Remarks 67Chapter 4 Results and Discussions 684.1 True Classifiers 684.2 Semantic Categorizations 774.3 Preliminary analysis of Frequency 82Chapter 5 Conclusion 855.1 Observations when Identifying True Classifiers 855.2 Suggestions on Japanese Teaching 865.3 Implications and Further Research 89References 90Appendix 1 98 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1349776 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0985550101 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 分類詞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 日語 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 量詞 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中文 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) classifier en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) measure word en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Japanese en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Chinese en_US dc.title (題名) 界定日語中的分類詞 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Identifying classifiers in Japanese en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Adams, Karen, and Nancy Conklin (1973) “Toward a Theory of Natural Classification,” Papers from the ninth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago, 1–10.Aikhenvald, Y. Alexandra (2000). Classifiers: A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford: New York.Alan, Hyun-Oak Kim (1995). Word Order at the Noun Phrase Level in Japanese: Quantifier Constructions and Discourse Functions. In Pamela A. Downing (ed.) Word Order in Discourse. PP.199-246.Amazaki, Osamu (2000). A Functional Analysis of Numeral Quantifier Constructions in Japanese. Chicago Linguistic Society 36, ed. by A. Okrent and J.P. Boyle, 1-14.Bender, Emily M. and Melanie Siegel (2005). Implementing the Syntax of Japanese Numeral Classifiers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 3248, 2005, pp 626-635.Chao, Yuen-Ren (1968). A grammar of spoken Chinese. University of California Press. PP 584-620.Croft, William (2001). Radical construction grammar. Oxford University Press. PP.119-124.Cheng, Lisa. L. S. and Rint Sybesma (1998). Yi-wan tang, yi-ge tang: Classifiers and massifiers. Tsing Hua journal of Chinese studies, 28(3), 385-412.Denny, Peter (1979). Semantic Analysis of Selected Japanese Numeral Classifiers for Units. Linguistics, 17, 317-335.Downing, Pamela (1983). The Anaphoric Use of Classifiers in Japanese. In the Proceedings of a Symposium on Categorization and Noun classification, October 1983. 345-375.Downing, Pamela (1984). Japanese Numeral Classifiers: A Semantic, Syntactic, and Functional Profile, PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Downing, Pamela (1996). Numeral Classifier System: The Case of Japanese, John Benjamines, Amsterdam.Downing, Pamela and Micheal Noonan eds. (1995). Word Order in Discourse. John Benjemin: New York.Gil, David. (1994) Summary: Numeral Classifiers. Linguist List Vol 5: 466.Her, One-Soon (2010a). On the Semantic Distinction between Classifiers and Measure Words in Chinese. Language and Linguistic, 11:3, 527-557.Her, One-Soon (2010b). Distinguishing Classifiers and Measure Words. Thesis presented at The 4th Conference on Language, Discourse and Cognition (CLDC2010), National Taiwan University, Taipei.Her, One-Soon (2011). Classifiers: The Many Ways to Profile “One”. Paper presented at The 12th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.Her, One-Soon (2012). Distinguishing classifiers and measure words: A mathematical perspective and implications. Lingua 122:14, 1668-1691.Huang, Chu-Ren and Kathleen Ahrens (2003). Individual, kinds and Events: Classifier Coercion of Nouns. Language Science: 25:4. 353-373.Huang, Chu-Ren and Shu-Kai Hsieh et al. (2008). Constructing taxonomy of numerative classifiers for Asian languages. In Proceedings of the third International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP 2008), pages 397–402.Iida, Asako (2004). Kazoe-kata no Ziten (数え方の辭典, Dictionary for counting things). Shˆogakukan. (written in Japanese).Kuno, Susumu (1973). The Structure of the Japanese Language. Cambridge: London.Lareau, François (2003). Towards an Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Japanese. Paper in ASIALEX Biennial International Conference (3rd : 2003) (27 - 29 August 2003 : Urayasu, Chiba, Japan).Lucy, A. John (Ed.). (1996). Grammatical categories and cognition: A case study of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge University Press.Lyons, John (1977). Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. PP. 452-466.Matsumoto, Yo (1991).日本語類別詞の意味構造と体糸─原型意味論による分析。研語研究(Gengo Kenkyu), 99, 82-106. (Written in Japanese.)Matsumoto, Yo (1993). Japanese Numeral Classifiers: A Study of Semantic Cagegories and Lexical Organization. Linguistics, 31-4, 667-713.Miyagawa, Shigeru (2006). Locality in syntax and floated numeral quantifiers in Japanese and Korean. Proceedings of the 14 th Japanese/Korean Linguistic, ed. by Timothy J. Vance and Kimberly Jones, 270-282. Stanford, CA: CSLI.Nakanishi, Kimiko (2003). The Semantics of Measure Phrases. In the Proceedings of the 33rd Conference of the North East Linguistic Society (NELS 33), 225-244.Peyraube, Alain (1991). Some remarks on the history of Chinese classifiers. Santa Barbara Papers in Linguistics, 3, 106-126.Paik, Kyounghee and Francis Bond (2000). Re-using an ontology to generate numeral classifiers. In 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: COLING-2000, 90–96, Saarbr¨ucken.Paik, Kyounghee and Francis Bond (2002). Spatial representation and shape classifiers in Japanese and Korean.In David I. Beaver, Luis D. Casillas Mart´ınez, Brady Z.Clark, and Stefan Kaufmann, editors, The Construction of Meaning, pages 163–180. CSLI Publications,Stanford CA.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2004). The quantificational function of the Japanese numeral classifier. Arbeitspapier Nr. 117. 151-166.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2006). The Classifier in Japanese Numeral Quantification. In T. Vance and K. Jones (eds.), Japanese / Korean Linguistics 14. Stanford: CSLI. 247-258.Philip, M. Kobuchi (2007). Individual-denoting classifiers. Nat Lang Semantics, 15:95-130.Sanches, Mary (1977). Language Acquisition and Language Change: Japanese Numeral Classifiers. In Ben G. Blount & Mary Sanches (Eds.), Sociocultural Dimensions of Language Change (pp. 51-62). New York: Academic Press.Senft, Gunter (2000). What do we really know about nominal classification systems? Systems of Nominal Classification, ed. by G. Senft, 11-49. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Shrestha, Arun (2010). Comparative Study of Newar and Japanese Classifier. Tribhuvan University Journal, Vol 27, No 1-2.Sornlertlamvanich, Virach, Pantachat, Wantanee and Surapant Meknavin (1994). Classifier assignment by corpus-based approach. In 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics: COLING-94, pages 556–561, August.Sumiya, Hiromi (2006). The effect of familiarity and semantics on early acquisition of Japanese numerical classifiers. In Proceedings of the 30th annual Boston University conference on language development, ed. D. Bamman, T. Magnitskaia, and C. Zaller, 607–618. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Tai, James and Lian-qing Wang (1990). A Semantic Study of The Classifier Tiao. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 29.35-56.Tai, James (1992) Variation in Classifier Systems Across Chinese Dialects: Towards a Cognition—Based Semantic.Tai, James (1994). Chinese Classifier Systems and Human Categorization. In Matthew Y. Chen and Ovid J.L. Tzeng (eds.) In Honor of William S-Y Wang, Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and Language Change. Pyramid Press .479-494.T’sou, K. Benjamin (2001) Language Contact and Lexical Innovation. In M. Lackner, I. Amelung and J. Kurtz (Eds.), New Terms for New Ideas: Western Knowledge and Lexical Change in Late Imperial China. Berlin: Brill.Uchida, Nobuko and Mutsumi Imai (1999). Heuristics in Learning Classifiers: The Acquisition of the Classifier System and its Implications for the Nature of Lexical Acquisition. Japanese Psychological Resaerch, 41:1, 60-69.Ueda, Yasuki (2009). Number in Japanese and Chinese. Nanzan Linguistics. 5, 105-130Wang, Lian-qing (1994). Origin and Development of Classifiers in Chinese. Ph. D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University.Watanabe, Akira (2006). Functional Projections of Nominals in Japanese: Syntax of Classifiers. Natural Language and Linguisitc Theory, 24. 241-306.Wydell, N. Taeko, Butterworth, Brian and Karalyn Patterson (1995). The inconsistency of consistency effects in reading: The case of Japanese Kanji. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21(5), 1155.Yamamoto, Kasumi and Frank Keil (2000). The Acquisition of Japanese Numeral Classifiers: Linkage Between Grammatical Forms and Concept Categorizations. Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 9:4. 379-409.Yamamoto, Kasumi (2005). The acquisition of numeral classifiers: The case of Japanese children. Berlin: Mourton de Gruyter.洪雅琪(2003)。日本廣告標題之研究──以數量詞為中心。國立高雄第一科技大學應用日語系碩士論文。(Written in Japanese.)周明巍(2009)。日語主要量詞用法的日漢對比研究。黑龍江大學日與語言文學系碩士論文。(Written in Chinese.)蔡愷瑜(2010)。由對比與難度等級探討日籍學習者漢語分類詞之使用。國立台灣師範大學華語文教學研究所碩士論文。(Written in Chinese)飯田朝子Iida, Asako (1999)。「有生物を数える助数詞再考察―ロボットはどう数えるか―」日本語言語学会第 119 回大会発表。(Written in Japanese)《NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典》(2006). 日本語放送出版協會編：日本。Appendix PP. 63-89. (Written in Japanese)顧明耀(2004)。標準日語語法。高等教育出版社：中國大陸。(Written in Chinese)錢紅日(ed.)(2011)。日本語文法百科辭典。山田社：臺灣。(Written in Chinese) zh_TW
