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題名 詞視覺複雜度分佈對閱讀中文句子的眼跳標靶之影響
The Effect of Word`s Visual Complexity Distribution on Saccade Targeting in Reading Chinese Sentences
作者 孟威廉
Molina, William Cruz
貢獻者 蔡介立
Tsai, Jie Li
孟威廉
Molina, William Cruz
關鍵詞 眼跳標靶機制
落點位置
閱讀中文
Saccade Targeting Mechanism
Landing Position
Reading Chinese
日期 2015
上傳時間 3-Aug-2015 13:30:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 探討閱讀時視覺與語言因素之研究指出眼球移動位置的決定主要受到低階視覺特徵的影響。有些研究也認為此一涉及計算眼跳目標的決策發生在執行眼球移動之前。為了檢視中文詞彙內的視覺複雜度分佈是否影響眼跳目標決定機制 、我們提出了視覺複雜度分佈指標 (visual complexity distribution index, VCD index) 來代表中文雙字詞內的複雜度分佈情形。依據視覺複雜度分佈指標 、本研究挑選出三組不同視覺複雜度分佈的詞彙 (左偏移、右偏移以及無偏移) 、並將這些詞彙箝入於句子中。紀錄中文讀者閱讀這些句子的眼球運動軌跡 、以比較三組實驗情境下的初次觸接凝視時間 (first-pass duration) 、落點位置 (landing position) 以及眼跳機率指標 (probability measures) 差異。使用線性混合模型 (Linear mixed model, LMM) 估計實驗組別效果 、以探討視覺複雜度分佈指標如何影響決定停留時間與眼跳位置的機制。結果發現右偏移組落點位置都落在其他兩組的右側 、而兩組偏移組的凝視時間都較不偏移組短。進一步分析顯示上述結果需在眼跳目標為中文詞彙才可觀察到。這指出由視覺複雜度分佈指標所反映出的中文雙字詞明視度型態 (luminance pattern) 、會在該詞彙被凝視之前影響眼跳位置的決定 、並依落點位置差異而調節了該詞彙被凝視時的處理。
Previous studies about the visual and linguistic factors that influence the decision about where to move the eyes next in reading suggest a strong influence from low-level features; some studies also assume that this decision involves the computation of a saccade target before the oculomotor program is executed. In order to test whether the distribution of visual components within Chinese words influence the saccade targeting mechanism, we devised a new parameter that reflects the distribution of visual information along 2-character words’ area: the Visual Complexity Distribution (VCD) index. Three groups of words with a marked VCD index (i.e. Left-Bias, Right-Bias and Non-Bias) were identified and embedded in natural sentences; the eye movement of Chinese native speakers was recorded while they read this material in order to contrast first-pass duration, landing position and probability eye movement measures between conditions. The experimental effects were estimated through contrast between conditions using Linear Mixed Models, thus providing evidence about the VCD index’s influence on both, the decision about the when and where to move the eyes next. The analyses on initial fixation position indicate a rightwards shift when sending the eyes towards words with Right-Bias in comparison to the other conditions and shorter fixation durations when biased words are fixated in comparison to the Non-Bias words. Further analyses demonstrated that the results above can only be observed when specifying saccade targets from Chinese words. These results indicate that the luminance patterns within 2-character Chinese words, as reflected by the VCD index, can influence the specification of a saccade target when those words are about to be fixated as well as modulate the fovea load when those words are currently fixated.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
心理學研究所
101752019
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1017520192
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蔡介立zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Tsai, Jie Lien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 孟威廉zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Molina, William Cruzen_US
dc.creator (作者) 孟威廉zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Molina, William Cruzen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2015 13:30:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2015 13:30:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2015 13:30:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1017520192en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77242-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 心理學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101752019zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 探討閱讀時視覺與語言因素之研究指出眼球移動位置的決定主要受到低階視覺特徵的影響。有些研究也認為此一涉及計算眼跳目標的決策發生在執行眼球移動之前。為了檢視中文詞彙內的視覺複雜度分佈是否影響眼跳目標決定機制 、我們提出了視覺複雜度分佈指標 (visual complexity distribution index, VCD index) 來代表中文雙字詞內的複雜度分佈情形。依據視覺複雜度分佈指標 、本研究挑選出三組不同視覺複雜度分佈的詞彙 (左偏移、右偏移以及無偏移) 、並將這些詞彙箝入於句子中。紀錄中文讀者閱讀這些句子的眼球運動軌跡 、以比較三組實驗情境下的初次觸接凝視時間 (first-pass duration) 、落點位置 (landing position) 以及眼跳機率指標 (probability measures) 差異。使用線性混合模型 (Linear mixed model, LMM) 估計實驗組別效果 、以探討視覺複雜度分佈指標如何影響決定停留時間與眼跳位置的機制。結果發現右偏移組落點位置都落在其他兩組的右側 、而兩組偏移組的凝視時間都較不偏移組短。進一步分析顯示上述結果需在眼跳目標為中文詞彙才可觀察到。這指出由視覺複雜度分佈指標所反映出的中文雙字詞明視度型態 (luminance pattern) 、會在該詞彙被凝視之前影響眼跳位置的決定 、並依落點位置差異而調節了該詞彙被凝視時的處理。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Previous studies about the visual and linguistic factors that influence the decision about where to move the eyes next in reading suggest a strong influence from low-level features; some studies also assume that this decision involves the computation of a saccade target before the oculomotor program is executed. In order to test whether the distribution of visual components within Chinese words influence the saccade targeting mechanism, we devised a new parameter that reflects the distribution of visual information along 2-character words’ area: the Visual Complexity Distribution (VCD) index. Three groups of words with a marked VCD index (i.e. Left-Bias, Right-Bias and Non-Bias) were identified and embedded in natural sentences; the eye movement of Chinese native speakers was recorded while they read this material in order to contrast first-pass duration, landing position and probability eye movement measures between conditions. The experimental effects were estimated through contrast between conditions using Linear Mixed Models, thus providing evidence about the VCD index’s influence on both, the decision about the when and where to move the eyes next. The analyses on initial fixation position indicate a rightwards shift when sending the eyes towards words with Right-Bias in comparison to the other conditions and shorter fixation durations when biased words are fixated in comparison to the Non-Bias words. Further analyses demonstrated that the results above can only be observed when specifying saccade targets from Chinese words. These results indicate that the luminance patterns within 2-character Chinese words, as reflected by the VCD index, can influence the specification of a saccade target when those words are about to be fixated as well as modulate the fovea load when those words are currently fixated.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents List of tables IV
List of figures V
Abstract VI
Chinese abstract VIII
Acknowledgement IX
Forewords 1
Chapter 1. Literature review 5
1.1 Eye Movement Studies in Reading Languages other than Chinese 6
1.1.1 The Influence of Low-level Features on Saccade Targeting 6
Word Length 6
Launch Site 10
Lack of Interword Spaces 12
1.1.2 The Influence of High-level Features on Saccade Targeting 16
Morphological Traits 16
Word Predictability 19
1.2 Eye Movement Studies in Reading Chinese 20
1.2.1 The Chinese script 20
1.2.2 The Influence of Low-level Features on Saccade Targeting 22
Word Length 22
Insertion of Interword Spaces 27
Launch Site 32
Font size 33
Visual Complexity 34
1.2.3 The Influence of High-level Features on Saccade Targeting 39
Word Frequency 39
Word Predictability 41
1.2.4 Saccade Targeting Strategies in Reading Chinese 42
Word-based Strategy 42
Character-based Strategy 44
Fixed-amplitude Strategy 46
Flexible-saccade Strategy 47
1.2.5 The Visual Complexity Distribution Index 51
Chapter 2. The effect of words’ VCD on saccade targeting 61
2.1 Research Question 61
2.1.1 Hypotheses 61
2.2 Method 66
2.2.1 Participants 66
2.2.2 Apparatus 66
2.2.3 Materials 67
2.2.4 Design and Procedure 71
2.2.5 Data analysis 74
2.3 Results 77
2.3.1 Duration measures 81
2.3.2 Position measures 81
2.3.3 Probability measures 82
2.3.4 Linear Mixed Models 83
2.4 Discussion 84
Chapter 3. The VCD dependency on word representation 91
3.1 The Effect of Non-words’ VCD index on Saccade Targeting Mechanism 91
3.1.1 Data analysis 92
3.1.2 Results 94
3.1.3 Discussion 96
3.2 The Effect of VCD index on Saccade Targeting Mechanism 98
3.2.1 Data analysis 98
3.2.2 Results 100
3.2.3 Discussion 102
Chapter 4. General discussion 106
4.1 The VCD Effect on Saccade Targeting Mechanism 106
4.2 The VCD Effect on Word Identification 111
4.3 Limitations and Future Research 112
Appendixes 118
A. Text features of different language scripts 118
B. Mean of Chinese words’ VCD index for groups defined by total stroke count 119
C. Descriptive Statistics of the reading material by VCD condition and syntactic category 121
D. Complete models on eye measures for target words 123
E. Complete models on position and probability eye measures for non-words 124
F. Complete models on position and probability eye measures for non-targets 125
Glossary 127
References 131		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1949085 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1017520192en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 眼跳標靶機制zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 落點位置zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 閱讀中文zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Saccade Targeting Mechanismen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Landing Positionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Reading Chineseen_US
dc.title (題名) 詞視覺複雜度分佈對閱讀中文句子的眼跳標靶之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Effect of Word`s Visual Complexity Distribution on Saccade Targeting in Reading Chinese Sentencesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Academia Sinica Taiwan. (2003). Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus [CD-ROM]. Taipei, Taiwan.
Bai, X., Yan, G., Zang, C., Liversedge, S., & Rayner, K. (2008). Reading Spaced and Unspaced Chinese Text: Evidence From Eye Movements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34(5), 1277-1287.
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