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題名 2014年港台社會運動之比較研究
Social Movements in 2014: A Comparative Study on Hong Kong and Taiwan
作者 詹亞風
Juarez, Adolfo Zambrana
貢獻者 李 明
Lee, Ming
詹亞風
Adolfo Zambrana Juarez
關鍵詞 亞洲的學生運動
大中國的身分認同
雙層賽局中的民主進程
Student movements in Asia
Identities in Greater China
Democratic process in a “Two level game”
日期 2015
上傳時間 17-Aug-2015 14:18:05 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主要研究台灣學生本土宣言與香港學生宣言的相似處，且提供了此兩社群跨國界合作的機會。香港與台灣兩地的活動家在西元2014年1月13日正式接洽。香港及台灣泛民主團體的學生與政治家在台北舉行為期一周的會談，標誌著倡議民主的雙方首次接觸。
本次爭議以地方來說，主要是反對當地政府，以國際來講，則是反對中華人民共和國。此活動有利於民主、自決與身分認同。因此，兩次社會運動與兩方社群推行相似的目標及面對共同的敵人。會談後，雙方新階段的合作展現於台灣「太陽花學運」和香港「讓愛與和平佔領中環活動」。世界正在目睹跨國家社會運動間，為了加強其宣言力量而興起的趨勢。
本研究論點是基於社會運動影響理論，隨機在羅伯特·普特曼雙層賽局理論中，採用了道格·麥克亞當的集體行動間動態交互模型。該理論框架指出，一個國家的社會運動（香港或台灣）可以作為另一個社會的參考，尋求由地方政府創造「國際機會」（如：反對地方政策或一個國家：中華人民共和國）。這種情況已經出現於2014年9月28日，在香港突然出現的抗議活動。而且，幾乎立刻，近4000人聚集在台北的自由廣場以表支持。這樣一大群人，他們大多數為學生，在如此短的時間內聚集，此現象提供了本論文研究基礎，探討是否此情緒也在台灣學生中蔓延。
The present thesis argues that the resemblance found between Taiwanese students in their local claims and those of Hong Kong students, has provided an opportunity for both societies to start collaborating at a transnational level. The first formal approach between Hong Kong and Taiwan activists came in January 13, 2014. Pro-democracy groups of students and politicians from Hong Kong and Taiwan gathered in Taipei for a weekend of talks. This marked the first real approach between both democratic advocates.

Locally the struggle was directed at the governments and internationally against the PRC. The objectives of these movements favor democracy, identity and self-determination. Therefore, both social movements and societies push for similar objectives and share a common foe. After the meeting a new level of cooperation was reached between the two sides that was shown during the Sunflower movement in Taiwan and the Occupy the Central with Love and Peace OCLP in Hong Kong. The world is witnessing the dawn of a cross-national approach between social movements that seek to strengthen the force of their claims.

The argument of the present study is based on the Social Movements Impact theory, using Professor’s Doug McAdam’s dynamic interactive model of a collective action, in a Robert Putman’s "Two Level-game" case of opportunity. This theoretical framework suggests that a social movement of one country (Hong Kong or Taiwan) can be used as a reference the society of another to renew the “international opportunity” (rejection of a local policy or a country: PRC) created by the local government. This case was seen on the on September 28, 2014 when abruptly emerged the protests in Hong Kong and, almost immediately, near four thousand people gathered at Taipei’s Liberty Square to show their support. The fact that such a large group of people, most of them students, gathered in so short period of time, provides the ground for the present study to explore if the sentiment is spread in the Taiwanese student community.
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Haridasani, A. (2015). Big prices in little Taipei: Why is property so expensive in Taiwan`s capital? Recovered 26/05/2015, From CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/22/business/taiwan-taipei-expensive-housing-market/
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Higgins, A. (2014). Protesters besiege Hong Kong plaza as crisis over ‘national education’ mounts. Recovered 01/11/2014, From The Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/protesters-besiege-hong-kong-plaza-as-crisis-over-national-education-mounts/2012/09/06/cb2ff548-f80e-11e1-a93b-7185e3f88849_story.html

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)
102926031
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102926031
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李 明zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Lee, Mingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 詹亞風zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Adolfo Zambrana Juarezen_US
dc.creator (作者) 詹亞風zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Juarez, Adolfo Zambranaen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 17-Aug-2015 14:18:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 17-Aug-2015 14:18:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 17-Aug-2015 14:18:05 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102926031en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77615-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 亞太研究英語碩士學位學程(IMAS)zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102926031zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主要研究台灣學生本土宣言與香港學生宣言的相似處，且提供了此兩社群跨國界合作的機會。香港與台灣兩地的活動家在西元2014年1月13日正式接洽。香港及台灣泛民主團體的學生與政治家在台北舉行為期一周的會談，標誌著倡議民主的雙方首次接觸。
本次爭議以地方來說，主要是反對當地政府，以國際來講，則是反對中華人民共和國。此活動有利於民主、自決與身分認同。因此，兩次社會運動與兩方社群推行相似的目標及面對共同的敵人。會談後，雙方新階段的合作展現於台灣「太陽花學運」和香港「讓愛與和平佔領中環活動」。世界正在目睹跨國家社會運動間，為了加強其宣言力量而興起的趨勢。
本研究論點是基於社會運動影響理論，隨機在羅伯特·普特曼雙層賽局理論中，採用了道格·麥克亞當的集體行動間動態交互模型。該理論框架指出，一個國家的社會運動（香港或台灣）可以作為另一個社會的參考，尋求由地方政府創造「國際機會」（如：反對地方政策或一個國家：中華人民共和國）。這種情況已經出現於2014年9月28日，在香港突然出現的抗議活動。而且，幾乎立刻，近4000人聚集在台北的自由廣場以表支持。這樣一大群人，他們大多數為學生，在如此短的時間內聚集，此現象提供了本論文研究基礎，探討是否此情緒也在台灣學生中蔓延。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The present thesis argues that the resemblance found between Taiwanese students in their local claims and those of Hong Kong students, has provided an opportunity for both societies to start collaborating at a transnational level. The first formal approach between Hong Kong and Taiwan activists came in January 13, 2014. Pro-democracy groups of students and politicians from Hong Kong and Taiwan gathered in Taipei for a weekend of talks. This marked the first real approach between both democratic advocates.

Locally the struggle was directed at the governments and internationally against the PRC. The objectives of these movements favor democracy, identity and self-determination. Therefore, both social movements and societies push for similar objectives and share a common foe. After the meeting a new level of cooperation was reached between the two sides that was shown during the Sunflower movement in Taiwan and the Occupy the Central with Love and Peace OCLP in Hong Kong. The world is witnessing the dawn of a cross-national approach between social movements that seek to strengthen the force of their claims.

The argument of the present study is based on the Social Movements Impact theory, using Professor’s Doug McAdam’s dynamic interactive model of a collective action, in a Robert Putman’s "Two Level-game" case of opportunity. This theoretical framework suggests that a social movement of one country (Hong Kong or Taiwan) can be used as a reference the society of another to renew the “international opportunity” (rejection of a local policy or a country: PRC) created by the local government. This case was seen on the on September 28, 2014 when abruptly emerged the protests in Hong Kong and, almost immediately, near four thousand people gathered at Taipei’s Liberty Square to show their support. The fact that such a large group of people, most of them students, gathered in so short period of time, provides the ground for the present study to explore if the sentiment is spread in the Taiwanese student community.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents ABSTRACT V
ABBREVIATIONS VI
DEFINITIONS VI
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN 4
1.1.1 HYPOTHESIS 4
1.1.2 RESEARCH GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 5
1.1.3 METHODOLOGY 6
1.2 RESEARCH MOTIVES 13
1.3 PROFESSIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 14
1.4 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 15
1.5 LITERATURE REVIEW 16
1.5.1 Definition of Social movements 16
1.5.2 Classical Social Theory 18
1.5.3 “Social Movements Impact Theory” or “Outcome Theory” 20
1.5.4 Social Movements Impact Theory and Collective Action, reshaping the debate 24
1.5.5 Collective Action 24
1.5.6 Current Social Movements (Collective Action) Impact Theory 28
1.5.7 Social Movements in the international arena 30
CHAPTER 2 TAIWAN’S CASE 34
2.1 CROSS-STRAIT RELATIONS PREAMBLE 34
2.2 MA’S TILTING POLICIES TO CHINA AND THE CLASHES WITH THE TAIWANESE IDENTITY 42
2.3 THE ANTI-MEDIA MONOPOLY MOVEMENT 47
2.3 ECFA AND ITS RATIFICATION PROCESS 53
2.4 THE CSSTA AND THE SUNFLOWER MOVEMENT 57
2.4.1 The Alliance and Leaders 60
2.4.2 The Sunflower movement 62
2.5 UNDERSTANDING THE COLLECTIVE ACTION IN TAIWAN 66
CONCLUSION 70
CHAPTER 3 HONG KONG’S CASE 73
3.1 POLITICAL STRUCTURE IN HONG KONG 73
3.2 BUILDING A PRO-DEMOCRATIC MOVEMENT IN HONG KONG 81
3.3 IDENTITY IN HONG KONG 84
3.4 ELECTORAL REFORM 91
3.5 LEADERS OF OCLP, SCHOLARISM AND HKFS 92
3.6 THE DEMONSTRATIONS 94
3.7 UNDERSTANDING THE COLLECTIVE ACTION IN HONG KONG 95
3.7 DIFFUSION AND SUPPORT OF THE OCLP MOVEMENT IN TAIWAN
98
CONCLUSION 102
CHAPTER 4 COMPARISON OF THE MOVEMENTS AND QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS 104
4.1 DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES 104
4.1.1 Differences 104
4.1.2 Similarities 109
4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS AND ANALYSIS. 117
4.2.1 Demographics 117
4.2.2 Measuring the impacts of cross-strait movements in Taiwanese students. 122
CONCLUSION 137
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 138
5.1 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY AND GROUNDS FOR FUTURE STUDIES.
145
APPENDIX 147
QUESTIONNAIRE 147
ECFA AGREEMENT SUMMARY: 154
DRAFT BILL ON CROSS-STRAIT AGREEMENT SUPERVISION 160
BIBLIOGRAPHY 163		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 3649901 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102926031en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亞洲的學生運動zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 大中國的身分認同zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 雙層賽局中的民主進程zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Student movements in Asiaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Identities in Greater Chinaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Democratic process in a “Two level game”en_US
dc.title (題名) 2014年港台社會運動之比較研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Social Movements in 2014: A Comparative Study on Hong Kong and Taiwanen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bibliography

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Periodicals
Chuang, Y.-C. (2014). Democracy on Trail Social Movements and Cultural Politics in Post-authoritarian Taiwan. (J. B. Jacobs, Ed.) The China Journal (72), 189-191.

Amenta, E., Carruthers, B. G., & Zylan, Y. (1992). A hero for the Aged? The Townsend Movement the Political Mediation Model, and U.S. Old-Age Policy, 1934-1950. American Journal of Sociology , 98 (2), 308-339.

Eun-Young, N. (2008). Status Inconsistency and lifestyle among status groups: focusing on cultural capital and social capital. DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIETY , 37 (2), 169-186.

Gamson, W., & Schmeidler, E. (1984). Review of Poor People`s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail by Frances Fox Piven and Richard A Cloward. Theory and Society , 13 (4), 567-585.

Kaeding, M. P. (2014). Challenging Hongkongisation: the role of Taiwan`s social movements and perceptions of post-handover Hong Kong. (L. S. Taiwan Research Programme, Ed.) Taiwan in Comparative Perspective , 5, 120-133.

Kitschelt, H. P. (1986). Political Opportunity Structures and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies. British Journal of Political Science , 16 (01), 57-85.
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Masden, R. (2009). Religion and Democracy in Taiwan by Cheng-Tian Kuo; Democracy`s Dharma: Religious Renaissance and Political Development in Taiwan. The China Quarterly, (P. R. Katz, Ed.) (199), 809-812.

Mittler, B. (2001). Dangerous Tunes: The Politics of Chinese music in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People`s Republic of China since 1949. British Journal Ethnomusicology , 10 (2), 124-126.

Pui-tak, L. (2002). Hong Kong Reintegrating with China: political, cultural and social dimensions. (D. H. McMillen, Ed.) The China Journal (48), 254-257.

Putman, R. D. (1988). Diplomacy and domestic: politics the logic of two-level games. International Organization , 42 (3), 427-460.

So, A. Y., & Hua, S. (1992). Democracy as an Antisystemic Movement in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China: A World Systems Analysis. Sociological Perspectives , 35 (2), 385-404.

Yamada, K.-i. (2014). Taiwanese Meida`s `Going along with Beijing` is becoming more evident. NHK monthy report on Broadcast Research , 30.

Zhao, S. (2001). Across the Taiwan Strait: Mainland China, Taiwan, and the 1995-1996 Crisis. The China Journal (46), 198-200.


Internet
Chan, D., & Kwok, D. (2014). Hong Kong protests dwindle, but talks with government likely to go nowhere. Recovered 20/11/2014, Fom Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/08/us-hongkong-china-idUSKCN0HX06R20141008

Chao, V. Y. (2014). How Technology Revolutionized Taiwan’s Sunflower Movement. Recovered 26/06/2015, Fom The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2014/04/how-technology-revolutionized-taiwans-sunflower-movement/

Lee, Y. (2013). Taiwan blocks anti-media monopoly bill, raising fears for press freedom. (N. Macfie, Ed.) Recovered 17/06/2015, From Reuters: http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/01/11/uk-taiwan-media-idUKBRE90A0DF20130111

Chen, L. (2014). Beyond The Umbrella Movement: Hong Kong`s Struggle With Inequality In 8 Charts. Recovered 29/06/2015, From Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/liyanchen/2014/10/08/beyond-the-umbrella-revolution-hong-kongs-struggle-with-inequality-in-8-charts/2/

Chen, B., Liao, D.-c., Wu, H.-C., & Hwan, S.-Y. (2014). The Logic of Communitive Action: A Case Study of Taiwan‟s Sunflower Movement. Recovered 29/06/2015, From Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford: http://ipp.oii.ox.ac.uk/sites/ipp/files/documents/IPP2014_Chen.pdf

Chen, P., & Chen, T. (2014). Taiwan`s Sunflower Protest: Digital Anatomy of a Movement. (T. Dalrymple, Ed.) Recovered 29/05/2015, From http://flipthemedia.com/2014/07/social-media-taiwan/

Central News Agency. (2014). Activist profiles: Leaders of the Sunflower Movement. Recovered 28/05 /2015, From The China Post: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2014/04/03/404361/p1/Activist-profiles.htm

Li, A. (2014). Occupy Central: Divided We Stand? Recovered 10/11/2014, From Berkeley Journal of Sociology: http://berkeleyjournal.org/2014/10/occupy-central-divided-we-stand/

Li, E. X. (2014). The umbrella revolution won’t give Hong Kong democracy. Protesters should stop calling for it. Recovered 20/10/2014, From The Washington Post : http://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2014/10/06/the-umbrella-revolution-wont-give-hong-kong-democracy-protesters-should-stop-calling-for-it/

Liao, D.-C., Chen, B., & Huang, C.-c. (2013). The Decline of “Chinese Identity” in Taiwan?! — An Analysis of Survey Data from 1992 to 2012. Recovered 05/07/ 2015, From Springer Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12140-013-9198-3/fulltext.html

Lin, E. (2015). Premier urges Legislature to pass act covering cross-strait pact supervision. Recovered 30/05/2015, From The China Post: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/business/2015/03/18/431325/Premier-urges.htm

Lin, I.-f. (2014). How Technology and Citizen Media Shaped Taiwan`s Sunflower Movement. Recovered 26/06/2015, From Global Voices: https://globalvoicesonline.org/2014/04/20/how-technology-and-citizen-media-shaped-taiwans-sunflower-movement/

Lin, S. (2015). Students rally against altered curricula. Recovered 06/07/2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2015/07/06/2003622364

Liu, J. (2014). Taipei housing likely to remain unaffordable for youth: expert. Recovered 26/05/2015, From The China Post: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/business/2014/07/12/412181/Taipei-housing.htm

Cole, J. M. (2014). Sunflowers End Occupation of Taiwan’s Legislature. Recovered 30/05/2015, From The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2014/04/sunflowers-end-occupation-of-taiwans-legislature/


Chu, A. (2014). A Taiwanese American Look at the Sunflower Movement. Recovered 26/05/2015, From http://www.taiwaneseamerican.org/2014/04/a-taiwanese-american-look-at-the-sunflower-movement/
Lu, S. (2013). Taiwan-Mainland China and Fujian/Cross-Strait Economic and Trade Cooperation. Recovered 15/05/2015, From Consulate General of Switzerland, Guangzhou: http://www.sinoptic.ch/guangzhou/pdf/2013/201307_Consulat.Suisse.Guangzhou_China-Taiwan_1307-en.pdf

Luh, A. (2014). The Impact of Occupy Central: Implications for Hong Kong`s relationship with the Mainland. Recovered 1/4/2015, From Prospect Journal of International Affairs at UCSD: http://prospectjournal.org/2014/11/04/the-impact-of-occupy-central-implications-for-hong-kongs-relationship-with-the-mainland/

Chung, L. (2014). With two years left, is Taiwan`s Ma Ying-jeou in danger of becoming lame duck? Recovered 11/06/2015, From South China Morning Post: http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1515890/two-years-left-taiwans-ma-ying-jeou-danger-becoming-lame-duck

Custom Insigth. (2015). Survey Random Sample Calculator . Recovered 10/04/2015, From Custom Insigth: http://www.custominsight.com/articles/random-sample-calculator.asp

資訊人眼裡的太陽花 （下） - 網狀民主運動的美麗與哀愁. (2014). Recovered 06/07 /2015, From Blog Xuite.net: http://blog.xuite.net/betty.eric/scandinavia/209265981

讓愛與和平佔領中環. (2015). OCLP - Manual of Disobedience. Recovered 7 /1 /2015, From 讓愛與和平佔領中環: http://oclp.hk/index.php?route=occupy/eng_detail&eng_id=28

讓愛與和平佔領中環. (2015). 危機與希望. Recovered 7/1/2015, From 讓愛與和平佔領中環.: http://oclp.hk/index.php?route=occupy/book_detail&book_id=16

香港大學民研究所計劃. (2015). 香港大學民意網站. Recovered 01/07/2015, From 香港大學: http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/release/release1241.html#3

Ang, B. L. (2015). Hong Kong Real Estate: Is The Lack Of Land A Myth? Recovered 29 /06/2015, From Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/beelinang/2015/04/03/hong-kong-real-estate-is-the-lack-of-land-a-myth/

Basic Law Promotion Steering Committee. (2015). The Basic Law of the Hong Kong special administrative region of the People`s Republic of China. Recovered 3/04/2015, From The Basci Law: http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/images/basiclaw_full_text_en.pdf

BBC News China . (2014). Hong Kong protests: What changed at Mong Kok? Recovered 13/11/2014, From BBC News China : http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29054196

BBC News China. (2014). As it happened: Hong Kong protests. Recovered 13/11/ 2014, de BBC News China: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-29428659?OCID=twitterasia

BBC News. (2010). Historic Taiwan-China trade deal takes effect. Recovered 11/05/2015, From BBC News: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11275274

Bertram, D. (20 de 04 de 2004). Likert Scales …are the meaning of life. Recovered 11/04/2015, de http://poincare.matf.bg.ac.rs/~kristina/topic-dane-likert.pdf

Bradsher, K. (2012). Hong Kong Retreats on ‘National Education’ Plan. Recovered 1/1 /2015, From The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/world/asia/amid-protest-hong-kong-backs-down-on-moral-education-plan.html

Branigan, T. (2014). Hong Kong citizens urged to continue protests as police withdraw. Recovered 12/11/2014, From The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/hong-kong-citizens-protests-police-withdraw

Buckley, C. (2014). Three Months of Protests End Quietly in Hong Kong. Recovered 07/ 05/2015, From The New York times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/15/world/asia/three-months-of-protests-end-quietly-in-hong-kong.html?ref=world&_r=1

Buckley, C., & Wong, A. (2014). Crackdowns on protesters by Hong Kong Police draws more to the streets. Recovered 10/11/2014, From The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/29/world/asia/clashes-in-hong-kong.html?_r=0

Bureau of Public Affairs United States Department of State. (2015). The Taiwan Straits Crises: 1954–55 and 1958. Recovered 04/07/2015, Froom U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1953-1960/taiwan-strait-crises

Bush III, R. C. (2014). Hong Kong: Examining the Impact of the "Umbrella Movement". Recovered 1/04/2015, From The Brookins Institution: http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2014/12/03-hong-kong-umbrella-movement-bush

Daly, R., Glaser, B., & Looney, K. (2014). Hong Kong`s Pro-Democracy Protests: Implications for Beijing and Taipei. Recovered 1/04/2015, From Georgetown University: http://guevents.georgetown.edu/event/hong_kongs_pro-democracy_protests_implications_for_beijing_and_taipei#.VRty9pOUfLw

Democracy at 4 am. (2014). Time Line. Recovered 28/05/2015, From Democracy at 4 am: http://4am.tw/timeline/

Dou, E., & Hsu, J. W. (2014). Taiwan Watching Hong Kong Protests Closely . Recovered 21/4/ 2015, From The Wall Street Journal: http://www.wsj.com/articles/taiwan-watching-hong-kong-protests-closely-1412260833

Duchâtel, M. (2014). The impact of the Sunflower Movement in Cross-strait relations. Recovered 26/05/2015, From 11th Annual Conference on "The Taiwan Issue in China-Europe Relations": http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/projekt_papiere/Taiwan2ndTrack_Mathieu_Duchatel_2014_web.pdf

Election Study Center, National Chengchi University. (2015). Taiwanese / Chinese Identification Trend Distribution in Taiwan(1992/06~2014/12). Recovered 01/06/2015, From Election Study Center National Chengchi University: http://esc.nccu.edu.tw/course/news.php?Sn=166#

Encyclpedia Britannica. (2015). Encyclopedia Britannica. (E. B. Inc., Productor) Recovered 26/03/2015, From Pluralism: http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/465174/pluralism

Fang, I. (2012). Hong Kong students and residents reject national-education classes, 2012. Recovered 06/07/2015, From Global Nonviolent Action Data Base: http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/hong-kong-students-and-residents-reject-national-education-classes-2012

Freedom House. (2014). Taiwan. Recovered 17/06/2015, From Freedom House: https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2014/taiwan#.VYExhROqqko

Gingery, T. (2011). Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Surveys. Recovered 21/4 /2015, From Web Survey a blog by Cvent: http://survey.cvent.com/blog/market-research-design-tips-2/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-online-surveys

Guilford, G. (2014). Taipei now has the most expensive housing in the world—and there’s not much it can do to fix that. Recovered 26/05/2015, From Quartz: http://qz.com/212347/taipei-now-has-the-most-expensive-housing-in-the-world-and-theres-not-much-it-can-do-to-fix-that/

Haridasani, A. (2015). Big prices in little Taipei: Why is property so expensive in Taiwan`s capital? Recovered 26/05/2015, From CNN: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/04/22/business/taiwan-taipei-expensive-housing-market/
Harrison, M. (2012). The China Story: The Anti-Media Monopoly Movement 反媒體壟斷運動 in Taiwan. Recovered 26/06/2015, From Australian Center on China in the World : http://www.thechinastory.org/2012/12/the-anti-media-monopoly-movement-%E5%8F%8D%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%A3%9F%E6%96%B7%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95-in-taiwan/

Higgins, A. (2014). Protesters besiege Hong Kong plaza as crisis over ‘national education’ mounts. Recovered 01/11/2014, From The Washington Post: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/protesters-besiege-hong-kong-plaza-as-crisis-over-national-education-mounts/2012/09/06/cb2ff548-f80e-11e1-a93b-7185e3f88849_story.html

Hioe, B. (2014). Beyond The Sunflower Movement: Present Issues for Future Taiwanese Activism . Recovered 28/05/2015, From Thinking Taiwan: http://thinking-taiwan.com/beyond-the-sunflower-movement/

Hsiu-chuan, S. (2014). Ma blames China for FTA gap . Recovered 06/07/2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/12/28/2003607781

Hsiu-chuan, S. (2013). Resolve divided national identity: Lee Teng-hui. Recovered 05/ 07/2015, from Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/03/17/2003557269

Hsu, J. W. (2014). Hong Kong Protests Bring Out Supporters in Taiwan. Recovered 20/06/2015, From The Wall Street Journal: http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/09/29/hong-kong-protests-bring-out-supporters-in-taiwan/

Hsu, J. W. (2014). Polite Protests: Hong Kong Movement Draws Comparisons to Taiwan’s. Recovered 21/04/2015, From The Wall Street Journal: http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/10/01/polite-protests-hong-kong-movement-draws-comparisons-to-taiwans/

Hsu, S., & Chang , R. (2014). Separate polls put Ma’s approval rate under 18 percent. Recovered 11/06/2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2014/05/14/2003590295

Huang, J., & Li, X. (2010). Inseparable Separation The making of China`s Taiwan Policy. (J. Huang, & X. Li, Edits.) Singapore, Singapore, Singapore: World Scientific.

Hunt, K. (2014). Hong Kong protests: What you need to know. Recovered 10/11/2014, From CNN News : http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/27/world/asia/hong-kong-five-things/

Iyengar, R. (2014). 6 Questions You Might Have About Hong Kong’s Umbrella Revolution. Recovered 10/12/2014, From Time Magazine: http://time.com/3471366/hong-kong-umbrella-revolution-occupy-central-democracy-explainer-6-questions/

J.R. (2014). The Economist. Recovered 30/03/2015, From Sunflower Sutra: http://www.economist.com/blogs/banyan/2014/04/politics-taiwan

Kaiman, J. (2014). China censors images of Hong Kong protests in TV broadcasts to mainland. Recovered 11/11/2014, From The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/china-censors-images-hong-kong-protests

Kaiman, J. (2014). The Guardian. Recovered 11/11/2014, de Hong Kong’s umbrella revolution - From Guardian briefing: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/30/-sp-hong-kong-umbrella-revolution-pro-democracy-protests

Kaiman, J. (2014). Who guides Hong Kong’s ‘Umbrella Revolution’ pro-democracy movement? Recovered 07/05/2015, From The guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/30/hong-kong-pro-democracy-protest-leaders-occupy

Kasoff, I. E. (2014). Hong Kong Demonstrations, Taiwan Connections. Recovered 1/04 /2015, From World Affairs Council: http://www.worldaffairs.org/blog/542-hong-kong-demonstrations

Kasoff, I. E. (2014). Hong Kong Demonstrations, Taiwan Connections. Recovered 20/06 /2015, From World Affairs Council of Northern California: http://www.worldaffairs.org/blog/542-hong-kong-demonstrations

Knapp, T. R. (1990). Treating Ordinal Scales as Interval Scales: An Attempt To Resolve the Controversy. Recovered From Universidade Federal do rio grande do sul: http://www.mat.ufrgs.br/~viali/estatistica/mat2282/material/textos/treating_ordinal_scales[1].pdf

McLeod, S. (2008). Likert Scale. Recovered 22/4/2015, From Symply Psychology: http://www.simplypsychology.org/likert-scale.html

Mainland Affairs Council Republic of China (Taiwan). (2014). Frank Response to Public Demand, Special Law for Supervision of Cross-Strait Agreements Proposed . Recovered 29/05/2015, From Mainland Affairs Council Republic of China (Taiwan): http://www.mac.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=108595&ctNode=6337&mp=3

Mancini, F. (2014). Hong Kong Protests: Implications for China and Beyond. Recovered 1/03/2015, From IPI Global Observatory: http://theglobalobservatory.org/2014/10/protests-hong-kong-intensify-impacts-grow/

Merriam-Webster. (2015). self–determination. Recovered 25/05/2015, From Merriam-Webster: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/self-determination

National Chengchi University. (2015). About NCCU. Recovered 1/04/2015, From National Chengchi University: http://www.nccu.edu.tw/en/about

National Statistics Republc of China (Taiwan). (2014). Population. Recovered 10/04/2015, From National Statistics Republc of China (Taiwan): http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Attachment/41018441CA7EAUC2.pdf

National Taiwan Normal University. (2015). About NTNU. Recovered 01/04/2015, From National Taiwan Normal University: http://www.ntnu.edu.tw/oia/multi/english/aboutNTNU.html

National Taiwan University. (2015). About us. Recovered 01/04/2015, From National Taiwan University: http://www.ntu.edu.tw/engv4/about/about.html

Occupy the Central With Love and Peace . (s.f.). Manifesto 信念書英文版. Recovered From Occupy the Central With Love and Peace : http://oclp.hk/index.php?route=occupy/book_detail&book_id=11

Occupy the Central With Love and Peace. (2014). Frequently Asked Questions. Recovered 10/11/2014, From Occupy the Central With Love and Peace: http://oclphkenglish.wordpress.com/about-2/faq/

Pan, J. (2014). Taiwan fans defy officials to back HK protests at game. Recovered 01/07 /2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2014/11/18/2003604721

Poon, A. (2012). Next Media Secures Sale of Taiwan Media. Recovered 17/06/2015, From The Wall Street Journal: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324469304578146230749109880

PropGod Services Limited. (2015). Hong Kong. Recovered 04/07/2015, From Reality Invest Fund: http://www.realtyinvestment.fund/city/hong-kong

Ramzy, A. (2014). 25 Years Later, Student Leaders Witness Freedoms Fought for in Tiananmen. Recovered 31/3/2015, From The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/06/world/asia/25-years-later-student-leaders-witness-freedoms-fought-for-in-tiananmen.html

Rowen, I. (2014). Inside Taiwan`s Sunflower Movement where Asia`s largest student uprising is blooming. Recovered 29/05/2015, From Occupy.com: http://www.occupy.com/article/inside-taiwans-sunflower-movement-%E2%80%93-where-asias-largest-student-uprising-blooming

Rowen, I. (2014). Occupational Ethnography in the Taiwan Sunflower and Hong Kong Umbrella Movements. Recovered 22/04/2015, From Anthropology News: http://www.anthropology-news.org/index.php/2015/03/31/occupational-ethnography-in-the-taiwan-sunflower-and-hong-kong-umbrella-movements/

Sala, I. M. (2015). Creeping censorship in Hong Kong: how China controls sale of sensitive books. Recovered 29/06/2015, From The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/19/censorship-in-hong-kong-how-china-controls-sale-of-sensitive-books

Sagan, A. (2014). Hong Kong protests: 5 things to know about the `umbrella revolution`. Recovered 10/11/2014, From CNBC News: http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/hong-kong-protests-5-things-to-know-about-the-umbrella-revolution-1.2781208

Shan, S. (2012). Protesters call for Want Want chairman to apologize. Recovered 05/07 /2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2012/08/01/2003539148

South China Morning Post. (2013). Would Hongkongers vote to return to a British overseas territory, given the option? Recovered 1/1 /2015, From South China Morning Post: http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/poll/1189161/would-hongkongers-vote-return-british-overseas-territory-given-option

Sui, C. (2014). Why Taiwan is watching Hong Kong protests. Recovered 22/06/2015, From BBC News: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29422233

Swarthmore College. (2015). Taiwanese student sit-in for human rights (The Wild Strawberry Movement), 2008. Recovered 11/06/2015, From Global Nonviolent Action Database: http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/taiwanese-student-sit-human-rights-wild-strawberry-movement-2008

Taiwan Ministry of Labor. (2015). Introduction to “Guidelines for the Youth Employment Subsidy”. Recovered 26/05/2015, From Taiwan Labor e-Quarterly: http://twlabor.tier.org.tw/Files/20150330000_e21.pdf

Taiwan Ministry of Labor. (2012). The Youth Employment Promotion Policy in Taiwan. Recovered 26/05/2015, From Taiwan Labor e-Quarterly : http://twlabor.tier.org.tw/Files_E/20130417152810e_13.pdf

Tam , A., & Symington , A. (2014). Hong Kong protesters gear up for biggest demostrations yet. Recovered 11/11/2014, From Bussines Insider: http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-hong-kong-protesters-gear-up-for-biggest-demonstration-yet-2014-10

The Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region of the People`s Republic of China. (2014). Chapter IV : Political Structure . Recovered 10/11/2014, From The Basic Law of the Special Administrative Region of the People`s Republic of China: http://www.basiclaw.gov.hk/en/basiclawtext/chapter_4.html

The Economist. (2014). Told you so: The protests in Hong Kong fuel Taiwan’s distrust of China. Recovered 1/04/2015, From The Economist: http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21629514-protests-hong-kong-fuel-taiwans-distrust-china-told-you-so

The Guardian. (2015). The Guardian view on Hong Kong’s rejection of China’s proposals: another chance for compromise missed Editorial. Recovered 06/ 07/2015, From The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/19/guardian-view-on-hong-kong-rejection-china-proposals-beijing

The Japan Times. (2014). Thousands rally in Taiwan to support Hong Kong protesters. Recovered 21/04/2015, From The Japan Times: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/10/02/asia-pacific/thousands-rally-taiwan-support-hong-kong-protesters/#.VTZjJq2qqkp

The Telegraph. (2014). Hong Kong protests: China`s `umbrella revolution` in pictures. Recovered 20/10/2014, de The Telegraph : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/hongkong/11133514/Chinas-umbrella-revolution-Pro-democracy-protests-in-Hong-Kong-in-pictures.html?frame=3058300

The World Trade Organization. (2015). China and the WTO. Recovered 05/07/2015, From The World Trade Organization: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/china_e.htm

The World Trade Organization. (2015). Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Chinese Taipei) and the WTO. Recovered 05/07/2015, From World Trade Organization: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/countries_e/chinese_taipei_e.htm
Tilly, C. (2004). Social Movements, 1768-2004. Boulder, Colorado, USA: Paradigm Publishers, LLC.

University of Hong Kong. (2014). HKU POP releases latest survey on Hong Kong people’s ethnic identity. Recovered 20/11/2014, From Public Opinion Programme University of Hong Kong: http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/release/release1150.html

University of Hong Kong. (2014). Ming Pao sponsored “Survey on CE Election and Occupy Central Campaign” (fifth round). Recovered 14/11/2014 , From Public Opinion Program University of Hong Kong: http://hkupop.hku.hk/english/report/mpCEnOCCw5/index.html

USC US-China Institute. (2010). China-Taiwan Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) June 29,2010. Recovered 05/17/ 2015, From USC Annenberg: China-Taiwan Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA), June 29, 2010 - See more at: http://china.usc.edu/china-taiwan-economic-cooperation-framework-agreement-ecfa-june-29-2010#sthash.CvnuvhOF.dpuf

Want Want China. (2015). Corporate Overview . Recovered 05/07/2015, From Want Want China: http://www.want-want.com/en/about/

Wee, D., & Tsang, E. (2014). Hongkongers show support for Taiwanese student protesters. Recovered 04/ 07/2015, From South China Morning Post: http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1454342/hongkongers-show-support-taiwanese-student-protesters

Wei, Z., & Hsu, E. (2015). Taiwan`s young people take 2.1 months to find first job: survey. Recovered 26/05/2015, From Focus Taiwan News Channel: http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201503250019.aspx

Wen, L. (2014). Taiwanese show solidarity via Taipei sit-in. Recovered 20/06/2015, From Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2014/09/29/2003600816

Wong, E. (2014). Some Hong Kong Residents, Weary of Disruptions, Find Fault With Protesters’ Methods. Recovered 04/11/2014, From The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/03/world/some-hong-kong-residents-weary-of-disruptions-criticize-protesters-methods.html

Wong, E., & Wong, A. (2014). Seeking Identity, ‘Hong Kong People’ Look to City, Not State. Recovered 13/11/2014, From The New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/world/asia/hong-kong-people-looking-in-mirror-see-fading-chinese-identity.html?_r=0

Yuan, Z. (3 2014). China’s Influence on Taiwan’s Media. Recovered 17/ 06/2015, From Thinking Taiwan: http://thinking-taiwan.com/chinas-influence-on-taiwans-media/		zh_TW