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題名 態度決定行動: 政治效能感對於政治參與的影響效果之實證分析
Attitudes Determine Actions: Effects of Political Efficacy on People’s Political Participation
作者 翁定暐
Weng, Ting Wei
貢獻者 俞振華
Yu, Chen Hua
翁定暐
Weng, Ting Wei
關鍵詞 內在政治效能感
外在政治效能感
投票
政治參與
internal political efficacy
external political efficacy
voting behavior
political participations
日期 2015
上傳時間 24-Aug-2015 09:56:56 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究有感於近年來台灣社會政治活動的參與情況,與往年相較起來熱絡許多,從以往只能透過數年一度的選舉活動,來表現個人的政治參與;到目前有許多人能夠從網路發表自身意見,討論時事議題,進而與政府、官員們接觸,甚至透過大型的集會活動來表達個人的立場以及訴求,企圖影響,並改變當前政治環境。在眾多參與政治的過程當中,個人心理因素對於投入與否的影響效果十分重要。政治態度的種類繁多,筆者在本文以政治效能感的角度出發,探討民眾對於政治參與的動機。是否會因為個人能夠理解政治,同樣能夠感受到政府官員對於個人的關心與重視,進而擁有認為自身能夠影響政治的這項心理態度,使得個人願意力行不同種類的政治參與。
本研究運用2013年「台灣選舉與民主化調查研究」資料,探索政治效能感對於政治參與的影響效果。除了檢證過去理論中:政治效能感愈高,愈會參與政治活動之外,區分了政治效能感的內在與外在的不同面向,以及政治參與的不同種類,探討政治效能感對於不同種類的政治參與是否具備不同的影響效果。研究結果發現,內在政治效能感較容易影響純粹表達意見的政治參與,而外在政治效能感較容易影響企圖改變現況的政治參與,此一發現提供與以往不同的理論觀點,認為政治效能感對於是個人政治參與的影響,是一項重要心理因素。
Over the past few years, political participations in Taiwan have been flourished. Indeed, a democratic society, like Taiwan, should allow people to have various ways to participate in politics beyond simply casting their votes, including demonstrating on the street to show what they stand for. By examining public opinion data in Taiwan, this study aims to explore the relationship between political efficacy and different types of political participations.
Specifically, this study use the 2013 Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) data to examine the extent to which one’s political efficacy could influence his/her political participations. The conventional wisdom suggests that the higher the political efficacy, the more political activities one may participate in. Additionally, previous research also posits that the linkages between political efficacy and participation vary, depending on different components of political efficacy as well as various types of political participations. The empirical results of this analysis show that the respondents who have higher internal political efficacy are more likely to participate in “opinion-expression actions”. On the other hand, those who have higher external political efficacy are more likely to participate in “changing the status quo action”. In short, political efficacy should be regarded as an important psychological element that may influence different dimensions of political participations.
參考文獻 一、中文部分
中央選舉委員會,2012,選舉資料庫,中央選舉資料庫網站:http://db.cec.gov.tw/histQuery.jsp?voteCode=20120101P1A1&qryType=prof,檢索日期:2015年5月19日
王靖興、王德育,2007,〈台灣民眾的政治參與對其政治功效意識之影響:以2004年總統選舉為例〉,《台灣政治學刊》,11(1): 69-107。
行政院主計處,2013,〈102 年家庭收支調查報告〉,行政院主計處網站:http://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/102.pdf,檢索日期:2015年5月27日。
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-----,2005,〈政治賦權、族群團體與政治參與:2001年縣市長選舉客家族群的政治信任與投票參與〉,《選舉研究》,12(1):69-115。
吳重禮、許文賓,2003,〈誰是政黨認同者與獨立選民?以2001年台灣地區選民政黨認同的決定因素為例〉,《政治科學論叢》,17: 101-140。
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吳俊德、陳永福,2005,〈投票與不投票的抉擇─2004年總統大選與公民投票的探索性研究〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,2(4): 67-98。
林珮婷,2013,〈性別化的社會資本及其政治效果:以同鄉會為例〉,政治大學政治學系博士學位論文。
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林聰吉,2007,〈社會網絡、政治討論與投票參與〉,《選舉研究》,14(2): 1-25。
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徐火炎,2001,〈1998 年台北市選民投票行為之分析:選民的黨派抉擇與分裂投票〉,《東吳政治學報》,13: 77-127。
孫秀蕙,1996,〈選民的傳播型態對政治行為的影響:以1996年總統大選為例〉,《選舉研究》,3(3): 71-105。
崔曉倩、吳重禮,2011,〈年齡與選舉參與:2008年總統選舉的實證分析〉,《調查研究─方法與應用》,26: 7-44。
盛杏湲,2000,〈政黨或選區?立法委員的代表取向與行為〉,《選舉研究》,7(2): 31-70。
陳陸輝,2002,〈政治信任感與台灣地區選民投票行為〉,《選舉研究》,9(2): 65-84。
陳陸輝、耿曙,2008,〈政治效能感與政黨認同對選民投票抉擇的影響─以2002年北高市長選舉為例〉,《台灣民主季刊》,5(1): 87-118。
陳陸輝、陳映男,2012〈寧信地方,不信中央:政治信任的類型及其政治後果〉,《社會科學論叢》,6(1): 15-58。
陳陸輝、陳義彥,2002,〈政治功效意識、政治信任感以及台灣選民的民主價值〉,2001年選舉與民主化調查研究學術研討會,10月19-20日,台北:政治大學選舉研究中心。
莊天憐,2001,〈我國獨立選民的發展與變遷(1989-1999)〉,《選舉研究》,8(1): 77-116。
郭秋永,1991,〈抽象觀念的分析與測量:「政治功效感」的例釋〉,載於《美國文學與思想研討會論文集》,方萬全、李有成主編,南港:中研院美文所。
------,1999,〈強勢民主:新時代的政治參與〉,《問題與研究》,38(6): 63-93。
張傳賢,2012,〈政黨認同、負面資訊的競爭與選民投票抉擇:2010年五都選舉的實證研究〉,《選舉研究》,19(2): 37-70。
黃秀端,1995,〈1994年省市長選舉選民參與競選活動之分析〉,《選舉研究》,2(1): 51-76。
黃信豪,2005,〈台灣民眾政治功效意識的持續與變遷:政黨輪替前後的分析〉,《選舉研究》,12(2): 111-147。
------,2006,〈政治功效意識的行動效果:1998-2003〉,《臺灣民主季刊》,3(2): 119-158。
黃紀、王德育,2012,《質變數與受限依變數的迴歸分析》,台北:五南。
傅恆德,2000,〈政治參與的類型:誰參與抗議活動〉,《東海社會科學學報》,20: 61-83。
-----,2005,〈政治知識、政治評價與投票選擇:第五屆立法委員選舉研究〉,《選舉研究》,12(1):39-68。
游清鑫,2004,〈分裂投票解釋觀點與臺灣選舉之應用:以2002年高雄市長與市議員選舉為例〉,《臺灣政治學刊》,8(1): 47-98。
楊婉瑩,2007〈政治參與的性別差異〉,《選舉研究》,14(2):53-94。

二、英文部分
Abramson, Paul R. 1983. Political Attitudes in American: Formation and Change. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company Press.
Abramson, Paul R, and John H. Aldrich. 1982. “The Decline of Electoral Participation in America.” American Political Science Review 76 (3): 502-21.
Acock, Alan C., Harold D. Clarke, and Marianne C. Stewart. 1985. “A New Model for Old Measures: A Covariance Structure Analysis of Political Efficacy.” Journal of Politics 47(4): 1062-1084.
Aldrich, John H., and Forrest D. Nelson. 1984. Linear Probability, Logit and Probit Models. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
Almond, Gabriel A., and Sidney Verba. 1963. The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Andersen, Kristi. 1975. “Working Women and Political Participation, 1952-1972.”  American Journal of Political Science 19(3): 439-453.
Arendt, Hannah. 2003. Responsibility and Judgment. New York: Schocken Books.
Balch, George I. 1974. “Multiple Indicators in Survey Research: The Concept ‘Sense of Political Efficacy’.” Political Methodology 1: 1-43.
Barber, Benjamin R. 1984. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Oakland. University of California Press.
Barnes, Samuel, and Max Kaase. 1979. Political Action: Mass Participation in Five Western Democracies. Beverly Hills and London: Sage Publications.
Beaumont, Elizabeth. 2010. “Political Agency and Empowerment: Pathways for Developing a Sense of Political Efficacy in Young Adults.” In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth, eds. Lonnie R. Sherrod, Judith Torney-Purta and Constance A. Flanagan. Hoboken: Wiley.
Berelson, Bernard R., Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and William N. McPhee. 1954. Voting. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Braungart, Richard. G. and Braungart, Margaret. M. 1989. “Political Generations.” Research in Political Sociology 4: 281-319.
Bobo, Lawrence and Franklin D. Gilliam, Jr. 1990. “Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Empowerment.” American Political Science Review 84(2): 377-393.
Campbell, Angus, Gerald Gurin, and Warren E. Miller. 1954. The Voter Decides. Evanston: Row, Peterson and Company.
Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Clarke, Harold D., and Alan C. Acock. 1989. “National Elections and Political Attitudes: The Case of Political Efficacy.” British Journal of Political Science 19(4): 551-562.
Constant, Benjamin. 1988. Constant: Political Writings. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dahl, Robert A. 1998. On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.
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Dalton, R. and M. Wattenberg. 2000. “Unthinkable Democracy: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies.” In Parties without Partisans: Political Change in Advanced Industrial Democracies, eds. Russell J. Dalton and Martin P. Wattenberg. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
政治研究所
101252002
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101252002
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 俞振華zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Yu, Chen Huaen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 翁定暐zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Weng, Ting Weien_US
dc.creator (作者) 翁定暐zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Weng, Ting Weien_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 24-Aug-2015 09:56:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 24-Aug-2015 09:56:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 24-Aug-2015 09:56:56 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0101252002en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/77872-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 政治研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101252002zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究有感於近年來台灣社會政治活動的參與情況,與往年相較起來熱絡許多,從以往只能透過數年一度的選舉活動,來表現個人的政治參與;到目前有許多人能夠從網路發表自身意見,討論時事議題,進而與政府、官員們接觸,甚至透過大型的集會活動來表達個人的立場以及訴求,企圖影響,並改變當前政治環境。在眾多參與政治的過程當中,個人心理因素對於投入與否的影響效果十分重要。政治態度的種類繁多,筆者在本文以政治效能感的角度出發,探討民眾對於政治參與的動機。是否會因為個人能夠理解政治,同樣能夠感受到政府官員對於個人的關心與重視,進而擁有認為自身能夠影響政治的這項心理態度,使得個人願意力行不同種類的政治參與。
本研究運用2013年「台灣選舉與民主化調查研究」資料,探索政治效能感對於政治參與的影響效果。除了檢證過去理論中:政治效能感愈高,愈會參與政治活動之外,區分了政治效能感的內在與外在的不同面向,以及政治參與的不同種類,探討政治效能感對於不同種類的政治參與是否具備不同的影響效果。研究結果發現,內在政治效能感較容易影響純粹表達意見的政治參與,而外在政治效能感較容易影響企圖改變現況的政治參與,此一發現提供與以往不同的理論觀點,認為政治效能感對於是個人政治參與的影響,是一項重要心理因素。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Over the past few years, political participations in Taiwan have been flourished. Indeed, a democratic society, like Taiwan, should allow people to have various ways to participate in politics beyond simply casting their votes, including demonstrating on the street to show what they stand for. By examining public opinion data in Taiwan, this study aims to explore the relationship between political efficacy and different types of political participations.
Specifically, this study use the 2013 Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) data to examine the extent to which one’s political efficacy could influence his/her political participations. The conventional wisdom suggests that the higher the political efficacy, the more political activities one may participate in. Additionally, previous research also posits that the linkages between political efficacy and participation vary, depending on different components of political efficacy as well as various types of political participations. The empirical results of this analysis show that the respondents who have higher internal political efficacy are more likely to participate in “opinion-expression actions”. On the other hand, those who have higher external political efficacy are more likely to participate in “changing the status quo action”. In short, political efficacy should be regarded as an important psychological element that may influence different dimensions of political participations.
en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 壹、 研究動機與目的 1
貳、 文獻回顧 9
一、 政治參與 9
(一) 政治參與的類別 9
(二) 影響政治參與的個人因素 11
(三) 社會學途徑對於政治參與的解釋 12
(四) 影響政治參與的社會心理因素 13
(五) 政治參與在台灣的相關研究 15
二、 政治效能感 16
(一) 政治效能感的測量緣起 16
(二) 政治效能感的分類方式 18
(三) 影響政治效能感形成的因素 19
(四) 政治效能感影響政治行為的相關研究 20
參、 研究架構與分析方法 23
一、 本研究政治參與的分類方式 23
二、 研究假設 27
肆、 資料處理方式 31
一、 政治參與種類 31
二、 政治效能感 33
三、 投票責任感 35
四、 政治興趣 35
五、 政黨認同 36
六、 教育程度、年齡、性別、收入 37
伍、 實證結果分析 39
一、 政治效能感與各項政治參與的相關性分析 39
二、 政治效能感與各項政治參與的二分勝算對數迴歸模型分析 41
(一) 政治效能感對於投票參與的影響效果 42
(二) 政治效能感對於非投票參與的影響效果 45
陸、 結論 61
一、 研究發現 63
二、 研究限制與建議 64
參考文獻 68
一、中文部分 68
二、英文部分 71
附錄一:變數的測量與處理方式 76
附錄二:各變數的分布情形 79
附錄三:未控制政治興趣變數的迴歸模型分析 81
附錄四:政治效能感對於各種政治參與的預測機率 85
zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1650612 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0101252002en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 內在政治效能感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 外在政治效能感zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 投票zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 政治參與zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) internal political efficacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) external political efficacyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) voting behavioren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) political participationsen_US
dc.title (題名) 態度決定行動: 政治效能感對於政治參與的影響效果之實證分析zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Attitudes Determine Actions: Effects of Political Efficacy on People’s Political Participationen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
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二、英文部分
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