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題名 權力不對稱下，美國毒品政策對拉丁美洲之影響
Under the Asymmetric Power Relationship, the Influence of U.S Antidrug Policy on Latin America
作者 蔡昀璇
Tsai, Yun Hsuan
貢獻者 鄧中堅
Teng, Chung Chian
蔡昀璇
Tsai, Yun Hsuan
關鍵詞 美國
拉丁美洲
毒品政策
權力不對等
US
Latin America
Anitdrug policy
asymmetric power relation
日期 2015
上傳時間 4-Jan-2016 16:55:57 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文首先檢視國際、美國與拉丁美洲對於毒品之定義，發現國際與美國對於毒品之定義與拉丁美洲之定義不同，使毒品政策之合作在還未開始前就有了歧異。美國對拉丁美洲反毒政策的實行多是依靠其在區域中的權力分配地位而為之，從雷根政府時期開始，分為前哥倫比亞計畫、哥倫比亞計畫以及美里達計畫，論述美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。之後，檢視美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策對拉丁美洲國家之影響，包括：人權問題、環境問題、經濟發展問題、貪腐問題、暴力問題和民主問題。面對美國毒品政策的負面影響，拉丁美洲國家於本世紀初開始在區域或是多邊的國際場域挑戰美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。最後，對於美國在拉丁美洲毒品政策的影響提出個人的看法作結。
This essay offers a view of how U.S. antidrug policy influences Latin American, introducing its repercussions and how Latin America response to it. First, we analyze how international community, U.S. and Latin America define drugs. We find that Latin America has its own interpretation of drugs and its problem, especially when it refers to cocaine and coca leaf. Thus, it foreshadows conflicts over implementation of the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America. Second, we review the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America since the Raegan Administration via the aspect of asymmetric power relations in international relation, introducing and delineating important antidrug policy on Latin America; meanwhile analyze consistence and modification in different administrations. Third, we categorize the repercussions of U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America, such as violation of human rights, environmental pollution, economic issue, corruption problem and democracy development. And we raise some cases to indicate that facing those repercussions, Latin America starts to challenge U.S. antidrug policy. Last, we make a conclusion through the aspect of asymmetric power relation between U.S. and Latin America and raise opinion on whether the U.S. antidrug policy on Lain America is successful or not.
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（一）書之一章
Pereira, Anthony W., 2012. “Human Rights and Military Abuses.” In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics, eds. Peter Kingstone and Deborah J. Yashar. London: Routledge, pp.114-130.
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貳、期刊論文
一、中文
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黃宗昊，2010/9。〈歷史制度論的方法立場與理論建構〉。《問題與研究》，第49卷3期，頁145-176。
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二、英文
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三、西班牙文
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參、新聞
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肆、網路資源
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（二）專文
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Eissa,Sergio, 2005. “Lucha Contra el Narcotráfico y Su Impacto en America Latina.” Working Paper of Programa Estados Unidos from Argentine Center of International Studies 2005, http://www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/eeuu/02.pdf.
Hidalgo,Juan Carlos, 2010/10/26. “ Santos: ‘ Proposition 19 Could Change Colombia’s Drug Policy’.” CATO Institute, http://www.cato.org/blog/santos-proposition-19-could-change-colombias-drug-policy.
Hidalgo, Juan Carlos , 2010/8/4. “President of Mexico Calls for Debate on Legalization of Drug.” CATO Institute, http://www.cato.org/blog/president-mexico-calls-debate-legalization-drugs.
Human Rights Watch, 2015.World Report 2015. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015.
Isacson, Adam, Haugaard, Lisa, Poe, Abigail, Kinosian,Sarah, and Withers,George, 2013. “Time to Listen: Trends in US Security Assistance to Latin America and the Caribbean.” Washington Office on Latin America, http://www.wola.org/publications/time_to_listen.
Pew Research Center, 2015. “America’s global image remains more positive than China’s.” Pew Research Center, http://www.pewglobal.org/2013/07/18/chapter-1-attitudes-toward-the-united-states/
Shifter, Michael,2012. “Plan Colombia: A Retrospective.” America Quarterly (Summer), http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3787.
Transparency International, 2014. Corruption Perception Index. http://www.transparency.org/cpi2014/results.
Walcott, Judith, 2002. “ Spraying Crops, Eradicating People.” Cultural Survival, http://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/spraying-crops-eradicating-people.
Youngers, Coletta A., 2001/1/1. “ Bush’s Foreign Policy in Latin America: Colombia and US Drug Policy.” Institute for Policy Study, http://fpif.org/bushs_foreign_policy_in_latin_america_colombia_and_us_drug_policy/.
（三）新聞
Abrams, Elliott, 2014/1/3. “Drug Traffickers threaten Central America’s Democratic Gains.” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/drug-traffickers-threaten-central-americas-democratic-gains/2014/01/03/bdbc17f8-73cc-11e3-9389-09ef9944065e_story.html.
Adams,Sam, 2014/10/7. “ Crying Baby Left Brain Dead after Drug Addict Dad Gives Him Crystal Meth,” The Mirror, http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/crying-baby-left-brain-dead-4315495.
Ambrus, Steven,1993/12/3. “ Colombia Drug Lord Escobar Dies in Shootout.” Los Angeles Times, http://articles.latimes.com/1993-12-03/news/mn-63509_1_pablo-escobar.
Anonymous, 2012/11/23. “ Impossible to End Drug Trade, Says Calderón.” The Economist, http://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2012/11/drugs-business.
Anonymous, 2015, “Nixon`s `War on Drugs` Began 40 Years Ago, and the Battle Is Still Raging.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jul/24/war-on-drugs-40-years.
Anonymous, 2015, “US government`s ‘war on drugs’.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-blog/2011/jul/22/drugs-trade-richard-nixon.
Anonymous, 2015/3/14. “Democracy to the Rescue.” The Economist, http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21646272-despite-epidemic-scandal-region-making-progress-against-plague-democracy.
AP, 2014/1/13. “Mexico Vigilantes in Turf War with Drug Cartel.” The Guardian,http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/13/mexico-vigilantes-turf-war-drug-cartel-nueva-italia.
Archibold,Randal C., 2013/5/17. “ Americas Coalition Puts Marijuana Legalization Up for Discussion.” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/18/world/americas/nations-in-americas-urged-to-consider-legalizing-pot.html?_r=0.
Basu, Tanya, 2014/7/22. “ Mexico Presion Chief, 6 Others Arrested for El Chapo Prison Break.” Times, http://time.com/3968992/joaquin-el-chapo-guzman-escape-seven-arrested/.
BBC, 2014/10/13. “ Profile: Bolivia’s President Evo Morales,” BBC, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-12166905.
Boudarène, Kahina, 2013/7/25. “ Bolivia: ‘We Are Better Off Without the DEA,’ Says Morales.” The Argentina Independent, http://www.argentinaindependent.com/currentaffairs/newsfromlatinamerica/bolivia-we-are-better-off-without-the-dea-says-morales/.
Brocchetto, Marilia, 2012/3/13. “Bolivia’s Morales to UN: Legalize Coca-Leaf Chewing.” CNN, http://edition.cnn.com/2012/03/13/world/americas/bolivia-morales-coca/.
Castillo, Mariano, 2012/7/12. “ Behind deadly confrontations in Honduras, a new anti-drug strategy.” CNN, http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/11/world/americas/honduras-operation-anvil/ .
Cressey, Deniel, 2015/3/24. “Widely Used Herbicide Linked to Cancer.” Nature, http://www.nature.com/news/widely-used-herbicide-linked-to-cancer-1.1718.
Dutka, Z.C.,2014/10/14. “ Re-Elected Evo Morales Dedicates Victory to Hugo Chavez.” Venezuelanalysis.com, http://venezuelanalysis.com/news/10962.
Earle,Gordon, West, Angus, Smith, Hannah and Rand, Dillon, 2013/7/17. “ The 6 Most Infamous Crimes Committed by Mexico’s Zetas Cartel.” Global Post, http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/americas/mexico/130716/the-6-most-infamous-zetas-crimes-mexico-drug-war.
Edwards,Bob, 2002/3/25. “Morning Edition.” National Public Radio, http://web.a.ebscohost.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/ehost/detail/detail?sid=3058615b-2fdd-41e3-bb2e-a351781c4209%40sessionmgr4002&vid=0&hid=4207&bdata=Jmxhbmc9emgtdHcmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#AN=6XN200203251101&db=nfh.
Enever, Andrew, 2002/9/7. “ New Government, Same Old Coca War.”BBC, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/2242739.stm.
Forero, Juan, 2015/5/14. “Colombia Takes U-Turn on Drug Policy.” The Wall Street Journal, http://www.wsj.com/articles/colombia-takes-u-turn-on-drug-policy-1431650471.
Friedman-Rudovsky,Jean, 2008/8/5. “Bolivia’s Surprising Anti-Drug Success.” Time, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1829782,00.html.
Houghton, Lali, 2014/10/22. “A Parade of Narco-Tied Politicians Are Winning Elections in Peru.” Vice News, https://news.vice.com/article/a-parade-of-narco-tied-politicians-are-winning-elections-in-peru.
IPS Correspondents, 1996/10/25.“ Drug-LATAM; U.S. Drug Chief Commends Peru, Slams Panama.” Inter Press Service, http://www.ipsnews.net/1996/10/drugs-latam-us-drug-chief-commends-peru-slams-panama/.
Isikoff, Michael & P Tyler,atrick E., 1989/12/16. “ US Military Given Foreign Arrest Powers.” The Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/12/16/us-military-given-foreign-arrest-powers/9ff56a09-9271-4778-ae99-03c60b3b1f0b/ .
Kelley, Michael B., 2014/8/24. “ Pablo Escobar’s Right-Hand Man Free from Colombian Prison.” Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-top-colombian-drug-hitman-who-killed-300-is-freed-2014-8.
Lakhani,Nina, 2015/8/7. “El Chapo Prison Breal: Most Mexicans Think Government Helped Drug Lord.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/07/el-chapo-prison-escape-drug-lord-survey-mexico-government-helped.
Lyons,John, 2012/1/14. “Cocaine: The New Front Lines.” The Wall Street Journal, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204331304577145101343740004
Mallén, Patricia Rey, 2013/7/10. “Mexico and Argentina Are The Most Corrupt Countries In Latin America, Survey Reveals.” International Business Times. http://www.ibtimes.com/mexico-argentina-are-most-corrupt-countries-latin-america-survey-reveals-1340779.
McKinley, James C., 2007/3/13. “In Mexico, Bush Seeks to Bolster Uneasy Alliance.” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/world/americas/13mexico.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
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O`Connor,Anne-Marie, 2015/3/6. “Hillary Clinton Urges Latin America to Fight Drug Corruption.” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/05/AR2010030501958.html.
Otis, John, 2014. “The FARC and Colombia’s illegal Drug Trade.” Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-farc-and-colombias-illegal-drug-trade.
Partlow, Joshua, 2008/9/4 “ Ecuador Giving U.S. Base the Boot.” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/03/AR2008090303289.htm.
Reuters,2015/7/17 “Drug Trafficking and Corruption Bankroll Guatemalan Politics, Says Report,” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/17/drug-trafficking-and-corruption-bankroll-guatemalan-politics-says-report.
Sanchez,Fabiola, 2007/5/7. “ Venezuela Criticizes DEA As ‘New Cartel’.” WashingtonPost,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/07/AR2007050701257.html.
Sequera, Vivian, 2011/11/8. “Bolivia: Drug Enforcement Administration Unwelcome Despite Normalization Of U.S.-Bolivia Diplomatic Relations.” The World Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/08/bolivia-drug-enforcement-administration_n_1082865.html.
Stout, David, 2006/10/26. “Bush Signs Bill Ordering Fence on Mexican Border” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/26/washington/27fencecnd.html.
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Tucker, Duncan, 2014/11/28. “Students` Deaths Force Mexican Leader to Face up to Police Corruption. ”The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/students-deaths-force-mexican-leader-to-face-up-to-police-corruption-9891700.html.
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（四）網路百科
Brown Darryl K. 2015, “Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986).” Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3407400021.html.
三、西班牙文
（一）專文
Loaiza, Vanessa, 2010/10/26. “Colombia Critica a California por Iniciativa para Legalizar Marihuana,” La Nación, http://www.nacion.com/archivo/Colombia-California-iniciativa-legalizar-marihuana_0_1155284551.html.
（二）新聞
AP,2015/7/25. “ Enfrentamiento en Tamaulipas dejan 11 muertos.” El Economista,http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2015/07/27/enfrentamientos-tamaulipas-dejan-11-muertos.
Faus,Joan, 2015/11/6. “EE UU Avala la Decisión de México sobre el Consumo de Marihuana,” El País, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/06/estados_unidos/1446770916_367822.html.
Gómez, Sergio Maseri, 2014/3/4. “Barack Obama Propone Recorte de Ayuda a Colombia,” El Tiempo, http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-13593697.
Pressly, Linda, 2015/11/24. “ Los Jóvenes Mochileros que Arriesgan Sus Vidas en el Valle de la cocaína en Perú,” BBC, http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/11/151123_peru_mochileros_valle_cocaina_ilm.
Monroy, Jorge, 2015/4/22. “ Por Quinto Día, Desasosiego en Tamaulipas.” El Economista,http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2015/04/22/quinto-dia-desasosiego-tamaulipas.
Reyes ,Elizabeth, 2015/3/28. “Los ‘regalos’ del narco a la DEA,” El País, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/03/27/actualidad/1427490205_061122.html.
Whitaker, Kevin , 2015/5/10. “La Aspersión Ha Ayudado a Colombia.” El Tiempo,http://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/la-aspersion-ha-ayudado-a-colombia-kevin-whitaker-columnista-el-tiempo/15722176
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
102253020
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102253020
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鄧中堅zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Teng, Chung Chianen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蔡昀璇zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Tsai, Yun Hsuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 蔡昀璇zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Tsai, Yun Hsuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2015en_US
dc.date.accessioned 4-Jan-2016 16:55:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 4-Jan-2016 16:55:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 4-Jan-2016 16:55:57 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102253020en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/80315-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102253020zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文首先檢視國際、美國與拉丁美洲對於毒品之定義，發現國際與美國對於毒品之定義與拉丁美洲之定義不同，使毒品政策之合作在還未開始前就有了歧異。美國對拉丁美洲反毒政策的實行多是依靠其在區域中的權力分配地位而為之，從雷根政府時期開始，分為前哥倫比亞計畫、哥倫比亞計畫以及美里達計畫，論述美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。之後，檢視美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策對拉丁美洲國家之影響，包括：人權問題、環境問題、經濟發展問題、貪腐問題、暴力問題和民主問題。面對美國毒品政策的負面影響，拉丁美洲國家於本世紀初開始在區域或是多邊的國際場域挑戰美國在拉丁美洲的毒品政策。最後，對於美國在拉丁美洲毒品政策的影響提出個人的看法作結。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This essay offers a view of how U.S. antidrug policy influences Latin American, introducing its repercussions and how Latin America response to it. First, we analyze how international community, U.S. and Latin America define drugs. We find that Latin America has its own interpretation of drugs and its problem, especially when it refers to cocaine and coca leaf. Thus, it foreshadows conflicts over implementation of the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America. Second, we review the U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America since the Raegan Administration via the aspect of asymmetric power relations in international relation, introducing and delineating important antidrug policy on Latin America; meanwhile analyze consistence and modification in different administrations. Third, we categorize the repercussions of U.S. antidrug policy on Latin America, such as violation of human rights, environmental pollution, economic issue, corruption problem and democracy development. And we raise some cases to indicate that facing those repercussions, Latin America starts to challenge U.S. antidrug policy. Last, we make a conclusion through the aspect of asymmetric power relation between U.S. and Latin America and raise opinion on whether the U.S. antidrug policy on Lain America is successful or not.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 文獻回顧 7
第四節 研究方法與研究範圍 22
第二章 毒品問題之面向 25
第一節 國際建制下之毒品 26
第二節 美國眼中之毒品 34
第三節 拉丁美洲對毒品之看法 42
第三章 美國對拉丁美洲毒品問題之政策 50
第一節 美國對拉丁美洲反毒政策之制定 50
第二節 美國對拉丁美洲毒品政策 57
第四章 美國毒品政策對拉丁美洲的影響與挑戰 73
第一節 美國反毒政策對拉丁美洲地區的影響 73
第二節 拉丁美洲對美國反毒政策之挑戰(2001-2015) 93
第五章 結論 105
參考文獻 111		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1986434 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102253020en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 美國zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 拉丁美洲zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 毒品政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力不對等zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) USen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Latin Americaen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anitdrug policyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) asymmetric power relationen_US
dc.title (題名) 權力不對稱下，美國毒品政策對拉丁美洲之影響zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Under the Asymmetric Power Relationship, the Influence of U.S Antidrug Policy on Latin Americaen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 壹、專書
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（一）書之一章
Pereira, Anthony W., 2012. “Human Rights and Military Abuses.” In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics, eds. Peter Kingstone and Deborah J. Yashar. London: Routledge, pp.114-130.
Pion-Berlin, David, 2012. “The Latin American Military.” In Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics, eds. Peter Kingstone and Deborah J. Yashar. London: Routledge, pp.76-87.

貳、期刊論文
一、中文
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張安勇，2006/6。〈多邊體系的重建與單邊利益的訴求 ──以美國批准聯合國「一九六一年麻醉品單一公約」為中心 (1948-1967)〉。《歐美研究》，第36卷第2期，頁315-357。
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二、英文
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McKinley, James C., 2007/3/13. “In Mexico, Bush Seeks to Bolster Uneasy Alliance.” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/world/americas/13mexico.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
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O`Connor,Anne-Marie, 2015/3/6. “Hillary Clinton Urges Latin America to Fight Drug Corruption.” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/03/05/AR2010030501958.html.
Otis, John, 2014. “The FARC and Colombia’s illegal Drug Trade.” Wilson Center, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-farc-and-colombias-illegal-drug-trade.
Partlow, Joshua, 2008/9/4 “ Ecuador Giving U.S. Base the Boot.” Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/03/AR2008090303289.htm.
Reuters,2015/7/17 “Drug Trafficking and Corruption Bankroll Guatemalan Politics, Says Report,” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/17/drug-trafficking-and-corruption-bankroll-guatemalan-politics-says-report.
Sanchez,Fabiola, 2007/5/7. “ Venezuela Criticizes DEA As ‘New Cartel’.” WashingtonPost,http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/07/AR2007050701257.html.
Sequera, Vivian, 2011/11/8. “Bolivia: Drug Enforcement Administration Unwelcome Despite Normalization Of U.S.-Bolivia Diplomatic Relations.” The World Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/11/08/bolivia-drug-enforcement-administration_n_1082865.html.
Stout, David, 2006/10/26. “Bush Signs Bill Ordering Fence on Mexican Border” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/26/washington/27fencecnd.html.
Telesurtv, 2014/9/20. “OAS Countries Signed A Resolution to Find New and Better Policies Against Drugs.” Telesurtv, http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Organization-of-American-States-Criticizes-US-Drugs-Policy-20140920-0005.html.
Tucker, Duncan, 2014/11/28. “Students` Deaths Force Mexican Leader to Face up to Police Corruption. ”The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/students-deaths-force-mexican-leader-to-face-up-to-police-corruption-9891700.html.
World Health Organization,2015. Amphetamine-type stimulants. http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/facts/ATS/en/.
（四）網路百科
Brown Darryl K. 2015, “Anti-Drug Abuse Act (1986).” Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3407400021.html.
三、西班牙文
（一）專文
Loaiza, Vanessa, 2010/10/26. “Colombia Critica a California por Iniciativa para Legalizar Marihuana,” La Nación, http://www.nacion.com/archivo/Colombia-California-iniciativa-legalizar-marihuana_0_1155284551.html.
（二）新聞
AP,2015/7/25. “ Enfrentamiento en Tamaulipas dejan 11 muertos.” El Economista,http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2015/07/27/enfrentamientos-tamaulipas-dejan-11-muertos.
Faus,Joan, 2015/11/6. “EE UU Avala la Decisión de México sobre el Consumo de Marihuana,” El País, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/11/06/estados_unidos/1446770916_367822.html.
Gómez, Sergio Maseri, 2014/3/4. “Barack Obama Propone Recorte de Ayuda a Colombia,” El Tiempo, http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-13593697.
Pressly, Linda, 2015/11/24. “ Los Jóvenes Mochileros que Arriesgan Sus Vidas en el Valle de la cocaína en Perú,” BBC, http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/11/151123_peru_mochileros_valle_cocaina_ilm.
Monroy, Jorge, 2015/4/22. “ Por Quinto Día, Desasosiego en Tamaulipas.” El Economista,http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2015/04/22/quinto-dia-desasosiego-tamaulipas.
Reyes ,Elizabeth, 2015/3/28. “Los ‘regalos’ del narco a la DEA,” El País, http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2015/03/27/actualidad/1427490205_061122.html.
Whitaker, Kevin , 2015/5/10. “La Aspersión Ha Ayudado a Colombia.” El Tiempo,http://www.eltiempo.com/opinion/columnistas/la-aspersion-ha-ayudado-a-colombia-kevin-whitaker-columnista-el-tiempo/15722176		zh_TW