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題名 社會閒散與社會彌補之探討
Social Loafing and Social Compensation作者 呂錦智
Lu, Chin-Chih貢獻者 陳皎眉
Chen, Jeaw-Mei
呂錦智
Lu, Chin-Chih關鍵詞 社會閒散
社會彌補
人際親疏度
團體滲透性
工作表現
Social loafing
Social compensation
Interpersonal relationships
Permeability
Performance日期 1995 上傳時間 28-Apr-2016 15:18:16 (UTC+8) 摘要 團體合作的情境對人們工作表現的影響究竟是利抑或是弊？在以往的研究結果大多支持團體合作對人們具有不良的影響，亦即個人在團體中工作會產生偷懶的行為，而且隨著團體愈大，個人的努力程度會愈趨下降，社會心理學家稱之為「社會閒散」現象。然而 Williams 與 Karau（1991）卻發現當工作意義度高且預期到同伴的表現不佳時，團體合作的情境反而會有正面的影響，亦即此時人們會因為重視團體的表現反而較單獨一人時更加努力工作，以彌補同組夥伴表現的不足，故Williams 等人稱之為「社會彌補」現象。此兩種現象均可能發生於團體合作的情境下，但社會彌補現象對組織而言是最有利的，因此若能更進一步地瞭解，則當能有助於組織人力資源的管理及提高組織的生產力。故本研究的目的主要在於以初探的角度，來探討除 Williams 等人所提的條件外，是否存在其他可能的因素會影響社會彌補現象的發生，並再次驗證社會閒散的現象。現象對組織而言是最有利的，因此若能更進一步地瞭解，則當能有助於組織人力資源
Most of previous research had supported the social loafing參考文獻 一﹒中文部分 王榮春。 (民83)。 人際親疏與目標設定對團體中個人工作及團體工作努力分配的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 朱令娟。 (民.77)。 酬賞型態、角色重要性及工作變異性對社會閒散之影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 吳秀美。 (民84)。 社會開散或社會補償:勞力辯正的作用。 私立中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 吳靜吉、高泉豐、王敬仁、丁興祥。(民70)。 拓弄思語文創造思考測驗(乙式)指導及研究手冊。 台北市，遠流出版社。 李美枝(1993 )。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。 本土心理學研究， 1, 267-300 。 林幸台、王木榮。 (民76)。 威廉斯創造力測驗指導手冊。 台北市，心理出版社。 用佩芬。 (民83)。 人際親疏度及工作次數對團體中個人工作表現的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 張國義、陳皎眉。 (民84) 。不同的激勵策略對社會閒散之影響。中華心理學刊， 37(1) , 71-81 。 許正聖。(民83)。 中國人的內團體偏私行為?從「關係」角度探討社會認同理論。 國立政治大學心理研究所 碩士論文。 陳品華。 (民.82)。 人際親疏度，情境後果對差序性反應的影響?以公正知覺為例。 國立政治大學心理研究所 碩士論文。 程懷琳。(民77) 。工作類型、工作能力及酬賞分配方式對團體中個人玉作表現的影響。 國立政治大學心理研 究所碩士論文。 費孝通。 (1974) 。差序格局。 見費孝通著:鄉土中國，頁22-30 。上海:觀察社。 黃光國(1985)。 人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲。 見楊國書主編:中國人的心理，頁289-318 。台北:桂冠圖書公司。 黃光國。 (民80) 。中國人的權力遊戲。 台北市:巨流圖書公司。 黃靜怡。 (民83)。 團體成員間的關係及個人動機對社會因境中合作行為的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 楊國樞(1993)。 中國人的社會取向:社會互動的觀點。見楊國樞、余安邦主編:中國人的心理與社會心理 念及方法篇(一九九二) ，頁87-142 。台北:桂冠圖書公司。 鄭美芳。(民77) 。社會助長與社會閒散之比較研究。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 二、英文部分 Allport, F.R. 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國立政治大學
心理學系
G795901資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002590 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 陳皎眉 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Chen, Jeaw-Mei en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 呂錦智 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lu, Chin-Chih en_US dc.creator (作者) 呂錦智 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lu, Chin-Chih en_US dc.date (日期) 1995 en_US dc.date.accessioned 28-Apr-2016 15:18:16 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 28-Apr-2016 15:18:16 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 28-Apr-2016 15:18:16 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002002590 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/87588 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 心理學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) G795901 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 團體合作的情境對人們工作表現的影響究竟是利抑或是弊？在以往的研究結果大多支持團體合作對人們具有不良的影響，亦即個人在團體中工作會產生偷懶的行為，而且隨著團體愈大，個人的努力程度會愈趨下降，社會心理學家稱之為「社會閒散」現象。然而 Williams 與 Karau（1991）卻發現當工作意義度高且預期到同伴的表現不佳時，團體合作的情境反而會有正面的影響，亦即此時人們會因為重視團體的表現反而較單獨一人時更加努力工作，以彌補同組夥伴表現的不足，故Williams 等人稱之為「社會彌補」現象。此兩種現象均可能發生於團體合作的情境下，但社會彌補現象對組織而言是最有利的，因此若能更進一步地瞭解，則當能有助於組織人力資源的管理及提高組織的生產力。故本研究的目的主要在於以初探的角度，來探討除 Williams 等人所提的條件外，是否存在其他可能的因素會影響社會彌補現象的發生，並再次驗證社會閒散的現象。現象對組織而言是最有利的，因此若能更進一步地瞭解，則當能有助於組織人力資源 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Most of previous research had supported the social loafing en_US dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章緒論..........1 第一節研究動機與目的..........1 第二節文獻探討..........14 第三節研究問題與假設..........46 第二章研究方法..........49 第一節研究對象..........49 第二節實驗工具..........50 第三節實驗設計..........53 第四節實驗程序..........56 第三章研究結果..........65 第一節操弄變項的檢驗..........65 第二節主要依變項分析..........73 第三節次要變項分析..........78 第四章討論與建議..........91 第一節討論..........91 第二節檢討與建議..........97 參考文獻..........99 附錄..........113 附錄一創造性思考活動 附錄二指導語 附錄三工作情境檢核表 附錄四計分結果 附錄五基本資料問卷 附錄六事前比較結果 附錄七分容分析結果 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002002590 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會閒散 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 社會彌補 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 人際親疏度 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 團體滲透性 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 工作表現 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social loafing en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Social compensation en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interpersonal relationships en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Permeability en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Performance en_US dc.title (題名) 社會閒散與社會彌補之探討 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Social Loafing and Social Compensation en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一﹒中文部分 王榮春。 (民83)。 人際親疏與目標設定對團體中個人工作及團體工作努力分配的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 朱令娟。 (民.77)。 酬賞型態、角色重要性及工作變異性對社會閒散之影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 吳秀美。 (民84)。 社會開散或社會補償:勞力辯正的作用。 私立中原大學心理學研究所碩士論文。 吳靜吉、高泉豐、王敬仁、丁興祥。(民70)。 拓弄思語文創造思考測驗(乙式)指導及研究手冊。 台北市，遠流出版社。 李美枝(1993 )。從有關公平判斷的研究結果看中國人之人己關係的界限。 本土心理學研究， 1, 267-300 。 林幸台、王木榮。 (民76)。 威廉斯創造力測驗指導手冊。 台北市，心理出版社。 用佩芬。 (民83)。 人際親疏度及工作次數對團體中個人工作表現的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 張國義、陳皎眉。 (民84) 。不同的激勵策略對社會閒散之影響。中華心理學刊， 37(1) , 71-81 。 許正聖。(民83)。 中國人的內團體偏私行為?從「關係」角度探討社會認同理論。 國立政治大學心理研究所 碩士論文。 陳品華。 (民.82)。 人際親疏度，情境後果對差序性反應的影響?以公正知覺為例。 國立政治大學心理研究所 碩士論文。 程懷琳。(民77) 。工作類型、工作能力及酬賞分配方式對團體中個人玉作表現的影響。 國立政治大學心理研 究所碩士論文。 費孝通。 (1974) 。差序格局。 見費孝通著:鄉土中國，頁22-30 。上海:觀察社。 黃光國(1985)。 人情與面子:中國人的權力遊戲。 見楊國書主編:中國人的心理，頁289-318 。台北:桂冠圖書公司。 黃光國。 (民80) 。中國人的權力遊戲。 台北市:巨流圖書公司。 黃靜怡。 (民83)。 團體成員間的關係及個人動機對社會因境中合作行為的影響。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 楊國樞(1993)。 中國人的社會取向:社會互動的觀點。見楊國樞、余安邦主編:中國人的心理與社會心理 念及方法篇(一九九二) ，頁87-142 。台北:桂冠圖書公司。 鄭美芳。(民77) 。社會助長與社會閒散之比較研究。 國立政治大學心理研究所碩士論文。 二、英文部分 Allport, F.R. 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