台資銀行投資中國大陸之市場准入法律研究

Abstract

世界各國對於外資銀行的市場准入皆有嚴格的准入規範，而中國大陸為台灣經濟往來最密切的地方，中國大陸對於台資銀行市場准入的規範，從過去的完全限制，經歷了加入世界貿易組織、兩岸簽署兩岸經濟合作架構協議逐步的開放，2019年更因美中貿易的壓力下，修改「中華人民共和國外資銀行管理條例」，放寬人民幣業務限制、調整外國銀行分行營運資金的要求及對外國銀行分行採取合併考核等規定，然而，外資銀行管理條例係所有外資銀行包含台資銀行一體適用，台資銀行無法如兩岸經濟合作架構協議享有優於其他外資銀行之待遇。\n本文整理中國大陸對於外資銀行的監管措施之演變、近年來針對台灣頒布之「關於促進兩岸經濟文化交流合作的若干措施」其中有關銀行業的優惠待遇措施，並以訪談專業實務工作者為研究方法，釐清開放之落實情形，最後歸納台資銀行在中國大陸遭遇的困難及未來的機會，希冀能提醒台資銀行登陸可能遭遇的軟門檻及中國大陸擴大開放市場帶給台資銀行的拓展機會提供建議。

All the countries in the world have strict access regulations for the market access of foreign banks. As the country with the closest economic ties to Taiwan, China has changed the market access regulation for Taiwanese banks from complete restriction to more opened since Taiwan and China signed The Memorandum of Understanding on Cross Straits Banking. In 2019, under the pressure of US-China trade, the " Regulation of the People`s Republic of China on the Administration of Foreign-funded Banks " were revised to relax RMB business restrictions and adjust foreign bank branch working capital requirements, and make the adoption of merger assessment for foreign bank branches. However, the foreign bank management regulations are applicable to all foreign banks including Taiwanese banks. Taiwanese banks cannot enjoy treatment superior to other foreign banks as in the cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement.\nThis thesis focus on the changes of supervision measures to foreign banks in China and "Several Measures for Promoting the Cross-Strait Economic and Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation" related to banking industry. The research method is to interview with professional practitioners to clarify the implementation. The thesis summarize the difficulties and the future opportunities that Taiwanese banks may encounter in China, and remind Taiwanese banks of the soft threshold that they may encounter and provide advice on their expansion opportunities in China.