我國第二類退除役官兵就業輔導政策之研究

Abstract

我國兵役制度朝向募兵制，且為政府重要之施政工作，國防部負責志願役官士兵招募及訓練工作，國軍退除役官兵輔導委員會(以下簡稱退輔會)則是負責規劃完善退輔措施。退輔會因應募兵制推動，支持兵役政策轉型，依「募兵制實施計畫」，考量退除役官兵需求，規劃對募兵制短、中役期之退除役官兵的輔導措施，研擬募兵制退輔措施方案，前於民國102年6月20日奉行政院核定。退輔會並擬具「國軍退除役官兵輔導條例」第3條之1、第33條、第34條修正案及推動修法，民國104年12月30日奉總統公布，並經行政院民國105年4月1日定自民國105年3月1日施行，賦予「分類分級退輔措施」法源依據。\n然而，軍人之身分特殊，其職責為保家衛國，與一般人有所差異，第二類退除役官兵於軍中所受之訓練與一般就業市場所需之技能亦有明顯不同之處，導致其退役後，無法直接進入就業市場，成為失業人口。為進一步了解第二類退除役官兵後續之就業情形，故進行此研究，討論本島及離島之第二類退除役官兵就業之差異及退輔會現有之政策外，並參考美國及中國大陸對於退役軍人之就業制度，再透過相關對象之訪談回饋，探討我國現今政策是否有需改善的地方，並提出建議，以利協助退除役官兵進入勞動市場並順利就業。

Our country`s military service system is oriented towards the recruitment system, and is an important administrative work of the government. The Veterans Affairs Council is responsible for the recruitment and training of volunteer officers and soldiers.\nPromoted by the recruitment system, the supports the Veterans Affairs Council transformation of the military service policy. According to the "Recruitment System Implementation Plan", it considers the needs of retired officers and soldiers, plans counseling measures for retired officers and soldiers with short and medium service periods, and develops recruitment system retirement assistance measures. The plan was previously approved by the Executive Yuan on June 20, 2013.\nThe Retirement Association also proposed amendments to Article 3-1, Article 33 and Article 34 of the "The ROC Veterans Assistance Act" and to promote the amendment of the law, which was announced by the President on December 30, 2015, and approved by the Executive Yuan. On April 1, 2016, it was set to take effect on March 1, 2016, and it was given the legal basis for "classified and graded withdrawal of auxiliary measures".\nHowever, military personnel have a special status and their responsibilities are to protect the family and the country, which is different from that of ordinary people. The training of second-typed veterans in the military is also significantly different from the skills required by the general job market. As a result, after he retired, he could not directly enter the job market and became unemployed.\n\nIn order to further understand the follow-up employment situation of second-typed veterans, this research is conducted to discuss the employment differences between second-typed veterans on the island and the outlying islands and the existing policies of the Retirement Association, and refer to the United States and mainland China. Regarding the employment system of retired military personnel, through interviews with relevant objects, we will discuss whether there is any room for improvement in our country`s current policies, and put forward suggestions to help second-typed veterans enter the labor market and find employment smoothly.