Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33776
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.advisor劉雅靈zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisorLiu, Yia-Lingen_US
dc.contributor.author趙鈺芬zh_TW
dc.creator趙鈺芬zh_TW
dc.date2006en_US
dc.date.accessioned2009-09-17T10:06:25Z-
dc.date.available2009-09-17T10:06:25Z-
dc.date.issued2009-09-17T10:06:25Z-
dc.identifierG0922600121en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/33776-
dc.description碩士zh_TW
dc.description國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description東亞研究所zh_TW
dc.description92260012zh_TW
dc.description95zh_TW
dc.description.abstract本文主要解釋農村基礎教育為何長期受制於經費不足的制約,在有限的教育資源下,偏遠地區農村學校又何以出現校際差異與教育資源分配的不均等。透過回顧中國農村基礎教育發展的歷史過程,本文認為1950年代以來分權化的教育財政制度,使農村中小學不僅仰賴地方政府財政撥款,更強調學校自身資源汲取能力的重要性。但在基層財政能力有限的情況下,導致偏遠農村基礎教育長期陷於經費不足的困境,也使農村學校呈現階層化發展。\n 在教育經費財政撥款不足的情況下,學校資源汲取能力成為教育發展的關鍵,而決定學校資源汲取能力很重要的因素,在於學校所處教育層級的位置。層級化的農村教育體系,將學校之間劃分成上下不同層級,處於最高層級的示範學校比層級最低的村小,具有更強的資源汲取能力,造成有限的教育資源呈現階層化流動。晚近在學生人數減少的衝擊下,由於學生人數多寡直接影響學校規模大小,決定資源汲取能力並影響學校存廢,更形強化層級化的教育體系。\n 目前中國推行的改革措施,若無法徹底改變由地方負責農村基礎教育經費的財政制度,便無法打破既存的層級化教育體系,促進教育資源分配的均等。無足夠經費的教育改革措施,將阻礙農村基礎教育改革,最終導致農村中小學的兩極分化,產生資源相對集中的示範學校與資源相對匱乏的普通學校。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents一、前言………………………………………………………1\n二、理論觀點…………………………………………………………………6\n(一)文獻探討………………………………………………………………6\n(二)理論架構……………………………………………………………10\n(三)田野調查(field work)與個案研究(case studies)… 13\n三、農村基礎教育財政制度的歷史發展…………………………………17\n(一)國家建立初期:「公辦民助」……………………………………17\n(二)人民公社成立:「自力更生」……………………………………20\n(三)文化大革命時期:「民辦公助」與「勤儉辦學」………………22\n(四)改革開放時期:「分級辦學、分級管理」………………………24\n四、層級化的教育體系與學校資源汲取能力……………………………29\n(一)層級化教育體系的確立:分級管理體制…………………………29\n(二)層級化教育體系的強化:示範學校評比制度……………………30\n(三)農村學校的階層化發展……………………………………………35\n五、學生人數減少與基礎教育階層化發展………………………………37\n(一)學生人數減少與教育供給…………………………………………37\n(二)學生人數與學校資源汲取能力……………………………………39\n(三)集中辦學與教育成本………………………………………………40\n六、農村基礎教育改革的困境……………………………………………43\n(一)無足夠經費支持的指標工程………………………………………43\n(二)優秀教師流失與專業教師缺乏……………………………………47\n(三)公用經費缺乏與學校運作困難……………………………………51\n七、結論……………………………………………………………………54\n參考書目……………………………………………………………………56\n(一)中文文獻……………………………………………………………58\n(二)英文文獻……………………………………………………………58\n(三)報紙雜誌……………………………………………………………60\n(四)網路資料……………………………………………………………61\n\n表次\n\n表一 2004年各地區分城鄉基礎教育學生人均教育經費支出情況……4\n表二 「以縣為主」下農村中小學教育體系的層級劃分………………12\n表三 2004年各地區農民人均純收入與人均國內生產總值……………15\n表四 1949~1965年小學分部門舉辦學生數及比例 ……………………18\n表五 1949~1965年小學分部門舉辦學校數及比例………………………21\n表六 2004年梓潼縣基礎教育基本情形……………………………………31\n表七 梓潼縣訪談個案之學校評比…………………………………………33\n表八 1985~2004年中國人口出生率與基礎教育在校學生人數…………37\n表九 梓潼縣2000~2004年基礎教育數量變化情形………………………41\n\n圖次\n\n圖一 研究架構圖……………………………………………………………13\n圖二 研究地點四川省綿陽市梓潼縣相關位置圖…………………………14\n圖三 綿陽市小學教育管理體系圖…………………………………………32zh_TW
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dc.source.urihttp://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0922600121en_US
dc.subject中國大陸zh_TW
dc.subject分權化教育財政zh_TW
dc.subject教育資源分配zh_TW
dc.subject農村基礎教育zh_TW
dc.subject層級化教育體系zh_TW
dc.subject學生人數減少zh_TW
dc.title中國農村基礎教育的階層化:偏遠地區教育資源分配的不均等zh_TW
dc.typethesisen
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