大學生的研究所基模：兩種記憶基模抽取作業的比較

Abstract

本研究以兩種作業抽取大學生對「研究所」的記憶基模。研究結果顯示，我們可以用一個具有三個面向（準備入學期、學習期、畢業及工作期）的「研究所基模」理論來描述受試者在兩種作業中的反應。然而，研究也發現，不同的「記憶基模」的抽取方法會引導著受試者選擇性的處理這三個面向中的訊息；在「自由聯想作業」中，受試者反應較多有關「學習」和「畢業及工作」期的訊息，在「目標提問作業」中及「畢業及工作」這個面向幾乎不會在受試者的反應中出現。研究也發現，「自由聯想作業」會引發受試者反應「研究所基模」中有關「個人因素」的訊息，而「目標提問作業」則會引發受試者反應「環境因素」的訊息。

In the present research, two methods (free association task (FAT) and questioning task (QT) were used to elicit a group of college students’ conception of a graduate program. The results indicated that a single schema model consisted of three domains which corresponded to the three phases of graduate study (namely, the stage of “preparing oneself in order to get admitted into a graduate program”, “studying in the program”, and “graduating from the program and getting a job”.) could be used to organize the responses collected from either tasks. However, the present research also found that in the FAT subjects tended to focus their responses at the “studying ” and “graduating” domains of the schema, and that in the QT, they almost did not make any response concerning the “graduating“ domain. Furthermore, the FAT tended to elicit subjects’ personal information in his/her schema of a graduate program, and the QT tended to encourage subjects to respond on the environmental issues concerning graduate study.