臺灣民眾對老人的態度：量表發展與信效度初探

Abstract

本研究以發展一份適用於國內的「對老人態度量表」為目的，並初步檢視其信、效度。以結構性問卷進行大樣本調查，得有效樣本計991人，依年齡分層有：青少年（國、高中生）368人、大學學生（含研究生）230人及社會成人393人。研究結果顯示：「對老人態度量表」的總量表α值高達.91，四個分量表（外觀與生理、心理與認知、人際關係與社會參與、工作與經濟安全）的信度也大致可接受。「對老人態度量表」的輻合效度及效標效度均良好。研究亦發現男性相較女性，在「心理與認知」面向上對老人的態度較為正向，對老人態度愈正向者，愈願意在日常生活中與老人親密互動。

The present study aimed at developing a scale measuring attitudes towards old people reliably and effectively. A large scale questionnaire survey was conducted targeting all age groups in Taiwan. There were a total of 991 usable questionnaires (368 adolescents， 230 college students， 393 adults).Results revealed that internal consistency reliability was high for the overall “Old People Scale” (OPS) (α = .91)， and generally acceptable for its four subscales (Appearance and physical characteristics， Psychological and cognitive characteristics， Interpersonal relations and social participation， and work and economic safety). The OPS also showed good convergent validity and criterion validity. We also found that males compared to females， had more positive attitudes pertaining to Psychological and cognitive characteristics. Finally， those who had more positive attitudes towards old people were more willing to interact with them in various social situations.