PISA配對題型之人格量表的初探

Abstract

PISA人格量表是根據MBTI人格量表的理論架構為基礎，再經本土文化的修正後所編製而成的。MBTI主要應用Jung的人格理論，目前普遍應用於企業工商的人事甄選。PISA人格量表主要以國內企業最重視的四個要項為主軸：特質（Personality）、智能（Intelligence）、社會性（Sociality）和態度（Attitude）。每個主軸又分兩個極端向度，分別為「陽剛－陰柔」特質、「左腦－右腦」智能、「個體－群體」社會性及「嚴謹－率直」態度，共包含八個特質。企業機構可從這四項主軸之人格組合來判斷應徵者比較適配的部門或工作。通常，企業用人格量表比較容易會有作假或符合社會期許的情況發生，因此，PISA人格量表主要是以配對題方式呈現，包含句子及形容詞兩種題型，與MBTI類似。但MBTI的配對方式主要為四大主軸的兩極端特質配對而成，而PISA則是參考EPPS以社會期許值相近的方式與其他七種特質配對而成，目的在降低作假或符合社會期許的可能性。PISA人格量表經過複雜的項目分析修題及題目配對過程，最後獲得良好的信、效度。PISA人格量表以再測信度及Cronbach’s 驗證信度，並以內容效度、建構效度及效標關聯效度驗證其效度。此外，為顧及國內紙筆計分的型態，PISA人格量表突破MBTI計分的複雜度，而以EPPS的結構計分方式為基礎，再加上設計對角線的重複題來檢核受試者有無專心作答。PISA人格量表期望未來能有效應用於大專畢業生的職涯發展及成為工商企業人資管理的甄選工具。

The PISA personality scale is based on the structure of MBTI but adapted to Chinese cultural characteristics. MBTI is popular used in America for industry and organization personnel assessment. The PISA majorly measures four facets of important factors which I/O may emphasize in our country: Personality, Intelligence, Sociality, and Attitude. Each facet includes two sided characteristics: masculine vs. feminine personality, left-brain vs. right-brain intelligence, individual vs. group social style, and precautious vs. instinct attitude. There are total of eight characteristics. Supervisors may evaluate the employee`s PISA by the combination of the four facets and eight characteristics for the best fitted job positions. Due to the bias of lie and social desirability for I/O personnel measures, the PISA is presented by the pair items for sentences and adjectives as MBTI in order to reduce the bias. However, the difference is that MBTI matched the items by two sided of each facet while PISA tried to match them by two out of eight characteristics with equal social desirability as EPPS. Through the complicated item analysis, the PISA obtained good results on the test-retest reliability and Cronbach`s α coefficient, and yielded the good results of content, construct, and criterion-related validation. In addition, the PISA substitutes the difficulty of MBTI hand-scoring method with taking the advantages of EPPS scoring structure. The PISA also added the validity scale using repeat item technique similar to EPPS consistency score. The PISA is expected to be a good personality measurement for senior college students and industrial employees.