社會排斥之雙歷程因應模式：後續團體的類別相似性線索之影響

Abstract

本研究提出一個社會排斥的雙歷程因應模式，強調當個體受到排斥威脅時，可能同時出現敵意及親和兩種反應，端視之後所接觸的團體其本身所提供的線索而定。若新團體與先前排斥者相似時，個體會出現較高的敵意行為；若新團體有著與其本身相似的特性時，個體則會表現出較高的親和行為。實驗一採取閾下觸發來操弄社會排斥威脅，顯示社會排斥的確會讓人加速處理那些與拒絕者與可能接受者相關之訊息。實驗二採取2（社會排斥：有、無）×5（類別相似性線索：高排斥線索vs.中排斥線索vs.高可能接受線索vs.中可能接受線索vs.中性線索）之混合設計，結果大致支持假設。

Social exclusion may cause either aggressive behavior or a substantial increase in prosocial behavior. We propose a two-process model and suggest that categorical similarity cue of the latter encounter is the moderator of people’s reactions after social exclusion. For threaten individuals, groups resemble their rejecter would provoke a defensive attitude and hostile behaviors. These individuals would also show hospitality to those who share similar characteristics with to gain inclusion. \nExperiment one used subliminal priming to manipulate social exclusion. As predicted, compared to participants in control condition, excluded participants would process words associated with previous rejecter and words related to one’s own characteristics significantly faster than neutral words in lexical decision task. \nThe second experiment were a 2 (social exclusion: exclusion vs. control condition) x 5 (categorical similarity cues: high rejective cue vs. median rejective cue, high perspective cue vs. median perspective cue vs. irrelevant cue) mixed-design. Results gave support to the model.