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題名 議題涉入感對資訊處理策略影響之研究
作者 吳雯雯
貢獻者 鍾蔚文
吳雯雯
日期 1991
1990
上傳時間 2-May-2016 16:58:42 (UTC+8)
摘要 本研究旨在探討對某一議題涉入程度不同的個人，對於相關新聞報導所採用的「資訊處理策略」有何差異。
參考文獻 參考書目\r\nAllen , R. C. (1990). The rediscovery of audience in\r\ntelevision strdies. Paper presented to a symposium on\r\n“Screen and monitor: A critical investigation of image\r\nculture\" .\r\nBatra , R. , & Ray M. (1984). How advertising works at\r\ncontact. In L. Alwitt & A. Mitchell (Eds.) , Psychological\r\nprocesses and advertising effects: Theory , research and\r\napplications. Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.\r\nBlumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and\r\ngratifications studies. Communication Research , 6 , 9-36.\r\nBogart , L. (1981). Public and press. Hillisale, NJ: Lawrence\r\nErlbaum Associates.\r\nChaffee.S. H., & Miyo , Y. (1983). Selective exposure and\r\nthe reinforcement hypothesis: An intergenerationalnal panel\r\nstudy of the 1980 presidential campaign. Communication\r\nResearch , 10(1) , 3-36.\r\nChaffee , S. H. , & Roser C. (1986). Involvement and the\r\nconsistency of knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors.\r\nCommunication Research , 13(3) , 373-399.\r\nChaiken , S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information\r\nprocessing and the uses of source versus message cues in\r\npersuasion. Journal of personality and Social Psychology,\r\n39 , 752-766.\r\nCraik,F.I.M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of\r\nprocessing: A framework for memory research. Journal of\r\nVerbal Learninq and Verbal Behavior , 11 , 671-684.\r\nCrailk,F.I.M. , & Tulving , E. (1975). Depth of processing\r\nand the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of\r\nExperimental Psychology: General, 104 , 268-294.\r\nDelia , J. (1977). Constructivism and the study of human\r\ncommunication. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 63 , 66-83.\r\n\r\nEagly, A. H. (1967). Involvement as a determinant of\r\nresponse to favorable and unfavorable information.. Journal \r\nof Personality and Social Psγchologγ Monograph , 7 ( 3 , pt. 2 ) .\r\nEttema , J. S. , & Kline , F. G. (1977). Deficits , differences\r\nand ceilings: Contingent conditions for understanding the\r\nknowledge gap. Communication Research ,4, 179-202.\r\nGans , H. J. (1980). The audience for television - and in\r\ntelevision research. In S. B. withey & R. P. Abeles (Eds.) ,\r\nTelevision and social behavior: Beyond violence and\r\nchildren. Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.\r\nGreenwald , A. G. , & Leavitt , C. (1984). Audience involvement\r\nin advertising: Four levels. Journal of Consumer Research ,\r\n11, 581-592.\r\nHawkins , R. P. , & Daly , J. (1988). Gognition and\r\ncommunication. In D. Zillmann & J. Bryant (Eds.) , Selective\r\nexposure to communication . Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum\r\nAssociates.\r\nHoward-Pitney , B. , Borgida , E. , & Omoto A. M. (1986).\r\nPersonal Involvement: An examination of processing\r\ndifferences. social Cognition , 4(1) , 39-57.\r\nKatz , E. , Blumler , J. G. , & Gurevitch M. (1974). Utilization\r\nof mass communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler &\r\nE. Katz (Eds.) , The uses of mass communications: Current\r\nperspectives on gratifications research. Beverly Hills , CA:\r\nSage Publication.\r\nKepplinger , H. M. (1989). Content analysis and reception\r\nanalysis. American Behavior Scientist , 33(2) , 175-182.\r\nKintsch , W. , & van Dijk, T. A.(1978). Toward a model of text\r\ncomprehension and production. psychological Review , 85 , 363-\r\n394.\r\nKosicki, G. M. , McLeod , J. M. , & Amor D. L. (1988).\r\nProcessing strategies for mass media information: Selecting ,\r\nintegrating and making sense of political news. Draft.\r\nKrugman , H. E. (1965). The impact of television advertising:\r\nLearning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly , 29,\r\n349-356.\r\nKrugman , H. E. (1966). The measurement of advertising\r\ninvolvement. Public Opinion Quarterly , 30 , 583-596.\r\nLemish , D. (1985). Soap opera viewing in college: A\r\nnaturalistic inquiry. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic\r\nMedia , 29 , 275-293.\r\nLevy , M. R. (1979). Watching television as para-social\r\ninteraction. Journal of Broadcasting , 23 , 69-80.\r\nLevy , M. R. , & Windahl , S. (1985). The concept of audience\r\nactivity. In K. E. Rosengren , L. A. Wenner & P. Palmgreen\r\n(Eds. ), Media gratifications research: Current perspectives.\r\nBeverly Hills , CA: Sage.\r\nLodge , M. , & Hamill , R. (1986). A partisan schema for\r\nPolitical information processing. American political Science\r\nReview,80(2), 505-519.\r\nMcGuire , W. J. (1969). The nature of attitude and attitude\r\nchange. 工n G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.) , The handbook of\r\nsocial psychology (2nd ed. , Vol.3). Reading , MA: AddisonWesley.\r\nMcLeod , J. M. , & McDonald , D. G. (1985). Beyond simple\r\nexposure: Media orientations and their impact on political\r\nprocesses. Communication Research , 12 , 3-34.\r\nMcLeod , J. M. , Pan , Z. , & Rucinski , D. M. (1989). Framing a\r\ncomplex issue: A case of social construction of meaning.\r\nPaper presented to the Mass Communication Division ，ICA\r\nConference May 1989 , San Francisco.\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , Brandt , D. M. , & Bluth , G. J. (1980). Use\r\nof top-level structure in text: Key for reading\r\ncomprehension of ninth-grade students. Reading Research\r\nQuarterly,16, 72-103.\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , & Rice , G. E. (1981). Information recalled\r\nfrom prose by young , middle , and old adult readers.\r\nExperimental Aging Research , 7(3) ,\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , & Rice , G. E. (1982). The interaction of\r\nreader strategies and the organization of text. Text, 2(1-\r\n3 ) ，155-192.\r\nMiller , R. L. , Brickman P. , & Bolen , D. (1975). Attribution\r\nversus persuasion as a means for modifying behavior. Journal\r\nof Personalitγ and Social psychology , 31 , 430-441.\r\npallak， M. S. , Mueller , M. , Dollar , K. , & Pallak， J. (1972).\r\nEffect of commitment on responsiveness to an extreme\r\nconsonant communication. J?urnal of Personality and Social\r\npsychology ， 23 , 429-436.\r\nPerse , E. M. (1990). Cultivation and involvement with local\r\ntelevision News. In N. Signorelli & M. Morgan (Eds.) ,\r\nCultivation analysis: New direction in media effects\r\nresearch. Newbury park , CA: Sage.\r\npetty , R. E. , Cacioppo , J. T. , & Goldman R. (1981). Personal\r\ninvolvement as a determinant of argument-based persuasion.\r\nJournal of Personality and Social psychology , 41, 847-855.\r\nPetty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. (1979) .Issue-involvement\r\ncan increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message\r\n-relevant cognitive responses. Journal of personality and\r\nSocial Psychology , 37 , 1915-1926.\r\npetty , R. E. , Cacioppo , J. T. , & Schumann , D. (1983) .\r\nCentral and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness:\r\nThe moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer\r\nResearch , 10 ,135-146.\r\nPetty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. (1984). The effects of\r\ninvolvement on responses to argument quantity and quality:\r\nCentral and Peripheral routes to persuasion. Journal of\r\nPersonality and Social psychology , 46 , 69-81.\r\nPetty , R. E. , Ostrom , T. M. , & Brock, T. (1981). Historical\r\nfoundations of the cognitive response approach to attitudes\r\nand persuasion. In R. E. Petty , T. M. , Ostrom & T. Brock\r\n(Eds. ), Cognitive responses in persuasion. Hillsdale , NJ:\r\nLawrence Erlbaum.\r\nRay , M. L. , Sawyer , A. G. , Rothschild , M. L. , Heeler , R. M. ,\r\nStrong , E. C. , & Reed J. B. (1973). Marketing communication\r\nand the hierarchy of effects. 工n P. Clarke (Ed.) , New models\r\nfor mass communication research (Vol. 2). Beverly Hills , CA:\r\nSage.\r\nRogers , T. B. , Kuiper , N. A. & Kirker , W. S. (1977). Self-\r\nreference and the encoding of personal information. Journal\r\nof Personality and Social psychology , 35 , 677-688.\r\nRosengren , K. E. , & Windahl , S. (1972). Mass media\r\nconsumption as a functional alternative. In D. Mcquail\r\n(Ed. ), Sociologγ of mass communications. Harmondsworth ,\r\nEngland: Penguin.\r\nRothschild , M. L. , & Ray , M. L. (1974). Involvement and\r\npolitical advertising effect: An exploratory experiment.\r\nCommunication Research , 1 , 264-283.\r\nRubin , A. M. , & Perse , E. M. (1987). Audience activity and\r\nsoap opera involvement: A uses and effects investigation.\r\nHuman Communication Research , 14 , 246-268.\r\nRubin , A. M. , Perse , E. M. , & Powell , R. A. (1985).\r\nLoneliness , parasocial interaction , and local television\r\nnews viewing. Human Communication Research , 12 , 155-180.\r\nSalmon , C. T. (1986). Perspectives on involvement in\r\nconsumer and communication research. In B. Dervin & M. J.\r\nvoigt (Eds.) , Progress in communication sciences (Vol. 7 ) .\r\nNorweod , NJ: Ablex.\r\nSherif , C. W. , Sherif , M. , & Nebergall, R. E. (1965).\r\nAttitude and attitude change. Philadelphia: Saunders.\r\nShoemaker , P. J. , Schoojer , C. , & Danielson W. A. (1987).\r\nInvolvement with the media: Recall versus recognition of\r\nelection information. Draft.\r\nSwanson , D. L. (1979). Political communication research and\r\nthe uses and gratifications model: A critique. Communication\r\nResearch , 6 , 37-53.\r\nTagg , P. (1981). The analysis of title music as a method of\r\ndecoding implicit ideological message on TV. In G. Andren &.\r\nH. Strand (Eds.) , Mass communication and culture. Stockholm:\r\nUniversity of Stockholm.\r\nTaylor , S. E. (1981). The interface of cognitive and social\r\npsychology. 工n J. H. Harvey (Ed.) ,Cognition , social\r\nbehavior , and the environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence\r\nErlbaum Associates.\r\nTichenor , P. E. , Donohue , G. A. , &. Olien C. N. (1970). Mass\r\nmedia flow and differential growth in knowledge. public\r\nOpinion Quarterly, 34 , 159-170.\r\nTurner , A. , &. Greene , E. (1978). The construction and use of\r\na propositional text base. Technical report.\r\nvan Dijk , T. A. (1980). Macrostructure. Hillsdale , NJ:\r\nLawrence Erlbaum Associates.\r\nvan Dijk , T. A. (1983). Discourse analysis: Its development\r\nand applicaiton to the structure of news. Journal of\r\nCommunication , 33 , 20-43.\r\nvan Dijk , T. A.(1985). Handbook of Discourse Analysis. 4\r\nvols. London: Academic Press.\r\nvan Dijk , T. A. (1988) News as Discourse. Hillsdale , NJ:\r\nLawrence Erlbaum Associates.\r\nvan Dijk , T. A. , & Kintsch , W. (1983). Strateqies of\r\ndiscourse comprehension. New York: Academic Press.\r\nZaichkowsky , J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing Involvement.\r\nJournal of Advertising , 15(2) , 4-14.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
新聞學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005049
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 鍾蔚文zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 吳雯雯zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 吳雯雯zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1991en_US
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-May-2016 16:58:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-May-2016 16:58:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-May-2016 16:58:42 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005049en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/item?item_id=101452-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 新聞學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本研究旨在探討對某一議題涉入程度不同的個人，對於相關新聞報導所採用的「資訊處理策略」有何差異。zh_TW
dc.description.tableofcontents 目錄\r\n第一章　研究動機與目的--------------------1　\r\n第二章　文獻探討--------------------6\r\n第一節　涉入感--------------------6\r\n第二節　資訊處理策略--------------------13\r\n第三節　涉入感對資訊處理策略之影響--------------------20\r\n第四節　研究架構--------------------28\r\n第三章　研究方法--------------------31\r\n第一節　方法簡介--------------------31\r\n第二節　新聞事件簡介--------------------33\r\n第三節　抽樣計劃與資料搜集--------------------36\r\n第四節　問卷設計--------------------39\r\n第五節　新聞言說分析--------------------46\r\n第六節　受訪者言說分析--------------------52\r\n第四章　資料分析--------------------69\r\n第一節　涉入感與「行為層面」資訊處理策略之關聯--------------------70\r\n第二節　涉入感與「認知層面」資訊處理策略之關聯--------------------82\r\n第三節　涉入感與人口變項、傳播行為之間聯--------------------93\r\n第五章　結論--------------------98\r\n第一節　重要發現與討論--------------------99\r\n第二節　研究限制與建議--------------------107\r\n參考書目--------------------113\r\n附錄：\r\n一、「新聞媒介使用與認知結構關係」之研究問卷--------------------120\r\n二、「郝柏村被提名為行政院長」之新聞文本--------------------143\r\n三、歸因角度過錄表-------------------- 156zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005049en_US
dc.title (題名) 議題涉入感對資訊處理策略影響之研究zh_TW
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 參考書目\r\nAllen , R. C. (1990). The rediscovery of audience in\r\ntelevision strdies. Paper presented to a symposium on\r\n“Screen and monitor: A critical investigation of image\r\nculture\" .\r\nBatra , R. , & Ray M. (1984). How advertising works at\r\ncontact. In L. Alwitt & A. Mitchell (Eds.) , Psychological\r\nprocesses and advertising effects: Theory , research and\r\napplications. Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.\r\nBlumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and\r\ngratifications studies. Communication Research , 6 , 9-36.\r\nBogart , L. (1981). Public and press. Hillisale, NJ: Lawrence\r\nErlbaum Associates.\r\nChaffee.S. H., & Miyo , Y. (1983). Selective exposure and\r\nthe reinforcement hypothesis: An intergenerationalnal panel\r\nstudy of the 1980 presidential campaign. Communication\r\nResearch , 10(1) , 3-36.\r\nChaffee , S. H. , & Roser C. (1986). Involvement and the\r\nconsistency of knowledge , attitudes , and behaviors.\r\nCommunication Research , 13(3) , 373-399.\r\nChaiken , S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information\r\nprocessing and the uses of source versus message cues in\r\npersuasion. Journal of personality and Social Psychology,\r\n39 , 752-766.\r\nCraik,F.I.M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of\r\nprocessing: A framework for memory research. Journal of\r\nVerbal Learninq and Verbal Behavior , 11 , 671-684.\r\nCrailk,F.I.M. , & Tulving , E. (1975). Depth of processing\r\nand the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of\r\nExperimental Psychology: General, 104 , 268-294.\r\nDelia , J. (1977). Constructivism and the study of human\r\ncommunication. Quarterly Journal of Speech , 63 , 66-83.\r\n\r\nEagly, A. H. (1967). Involvement as a determinant of\r\nresponse to favorable and unfavorable information.. Journal \r\nof Personality and Social Psγchologγ Monograph , 7 ( 3 , pt. 2 ) .\r\nEttema , J. S. , & Kline , F. G. (1977). Deficits , differences\r\nand ceilings: Contingent conditions for understanding the\r\nknowledge gap. Communication Research ,4, 179-202.\r\nGans , H. J. (1980). The audience for television - and in\r\ntelevision research. In S. B. withey & R. P. Abeles (Eds.) ,\r\nTelevision and social behavior: Beyond violence and\r\nchildren. Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.\r\nGreenwald , A. G. , & Leavitt , C. (1984). Audience involvement\r\nin advertising: Four levels. Journal of Consumer Research ,\r\n11, 581-592.\r\nHawkins , R. P. , & Daly , J. (1988). Gognition and\r\ncommunication. In D. Zillmann & J. Bryant (Eds.) , Selective\r\nexposure to communication . Hillsdale , NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum\r\nAssociates.\r\nHoward-Pitney , B. , Borgida , E. , & Omoto A. M. (1986).\r\nPersonal Involvement: An examination of processing\r\ndifferences. social Cognition , 4(1) , 39-57.\r\nKatz , E. , Blumler , J. G. , & Gurevitch M. (1974). Utilization\r\nof mass communication by the individual. In J. G. Blumler &\r\nE. Katz (Eds.) , The uses of mass communications: Current\r\nperspectives on gratifications research. Beverly Hills , CA:\r\nSage Publication.\r\nKepplinger , H. M. (1989). Content analysis and reception\r\nanalysis. American Behavior Scientist , 33(2) , 175-182.\r\nKintsch , W. , & van Dijk, T. A.(1978). Toward a model of text\r\ncomprehension and production. psychological Review , 85 , 363-\r\n394.\r\nKosicki, G. M. , McLeod , J. M. , & Amor D. L. (1988).\r\nProcessing strategies for mass media information: Selecting ,\r\nintegrating and making sense of political news. Draft.\r\nKrugman , H. E. (1965). The impact of television advertising:\r\nLearning without involvement. Public Opinion Quarterly , 29,\r\n349-356.\r\nKrugman , H. E. (1966). The measurement of advertising\r\ninvolvement. Public Opinion Quarterly , 30 , 583-596.\r\nLemish , D. (1985). Soap opera viewing in college: A\r\nnaturalistic inquiry. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic\r\nMedia , 29 , 275-293.\r\nLevy , M. R. (1979). Watching television as para-social\r\ninteraction. Journal of Broadcasting , 23 , 69-80.\r\nLevy , M. R. , & Windahl , S. (1985). The concept of audience\r\nactivity. In K. E. Rosengren , L. A. Wenner & P. Palmgreen\r\n(Eds. ), Media gratifications research: Current perspectives.\r\nBeverly Hills , CA: Sage.\r\nLodge , M. , & Hamill , R. (1986). A partisan schema for\r\nPolitical information processing. American political Science\r\nReview,80(2), 505-519.\r\nMcGuire , W. J. (1969). The nature of attitude and attitude\r\nchange. 工n G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.) , The handbook of\r\nsocial psychology (2nd ed. , Vol.3). Reading , MA: AddisonWesley.\r\nMcLeod , J. M. , & McDonald , D. G. (1985). Beyond simple\r\nexposure: Media orientations and their impact on political\r\nprocesses. Communication Research , 12 , 3-34.\r\nMcLeod , J. M. , Pan , Z. , & Rucinski , D. M. (1989). Framing a\r\ncomplex issue: A case of social construction of meaning.\r\nPaper presented to the Mass Communication Division ，ICA\r\nConference May 1989 , San Francisco.\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , Brandt , D. M. , & Bluth , G. J. (1980). Use\r\nof top-level structure in text: Key for reading\r\ncomprehension of ninth-grade students. Reading Research\r\nQuarterly,16, 72-103.\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , & Rice , G. E. (1981). Information recalled\r\nfrom prose by young , middle , and old adult readers.\r\nExperimental Aging Research , 7(3) ,\r\nMeyer , B. J. F. , & Rice , G. E. (1982). The interaction of\r\nreader strategies and the organization of text. Text, 2(1-\r\n3 ) ，155-192.\r\nMiller , R. L. , Brickman P. , & Bolen , D. (1975). Attribution\r\nversus persuasion as a means for modifying behavior. Journal\r\nof Personalitγ and Social psychology , 31 , 430-441.\r\npallak， M. S. , Mueller , M. , Dollar , K. , & Pallak， J. (1972).\r\nEffect of commitment on responsiveness to an extreme\r\nconsonant communication. J?urnal of Personality and Social\r\npsychology ， 23 , 429-436.\r\nPerse , E. M. (1990). Cultivation and involvement with local\r\ntelevision News. In N. Signorelli & M. Morgan (Eds.) ,\r\nCultivation analysis: New direction in media effects\r\nresearch. Newbury park , CA: Sage.\r\npetty , R. E. , Cacioppo , J. T. , & Goldman R. (1981). Personal\r\ninvolvement as a determinant of argument-based persuasion.\r\nJournal of Personality and Social psychology , 41, 847-855.\r\nPetty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. (1979) .Issue-involvement\r\ncan increase or decrease persuasion by enhancing message\r\n-relevant cognitive responses. Journal of personality and\r\nSocial Psychology , 37 , 1915-1926.\r\npetty , R. E. , Cacioppo , J. T. , & Schumann , D. (1983) .\r\nCentral and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness:\r\nThe moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer\r\nResearch , 10 ,135-146.\r\nPetty , R. E. , & Cacioppo , J. T. (1984). The effects of\r\ninvolvement on responses to argument quantity and quality:\r\nCentral and Peripheral routes to persuasion. Journal of\r\nPersonality and Social psychology , 46 , 69-81.\r\nPetty , R. E. , Ostrom , T. M. , & Brock, T. (1981). Historical\r\nfoundations of the cognitive response approach to attitudes\r\nand persuasion. In R. E. Petty , T. M. , Ostrom & T. Brock\r\n(Eds. ), Cognitive responses in persuasion. Hillsdale , NJ:\r\nLawrence Erlbaum.\r\nRay , M. L. , Sawyer , A. G. , Rothschild , M. L. , Heeler , R. M. ,\r\nStrong , E. C. , & Reed J. B. (1973). Marketing communication\r\nand the hierarchy of effects. 工n P. Clarke (Ed.) , New models\r\nfor mass communication research (Vol. 2). Beverly Hills , CA:\r\nSage.\r\nRogers , T. B. , Kuiper , N. A. & Kirker , W. S. (1977). Self-\r\nreference and the encoding of personal information. Journal\r\nof Personality and Social psychology , 35 , 677-688.\r\nRosengren , K. E. , & Windahl , S. (1972). Mass media\r\nconsumption as a functional alternative. In D. Mcquail\r\n(Ed. ), Sociologγ of mass communications. Harmondsworth ,\r\nEngland: Penguin.\r\nRothschild , M. L. , & Ray , M. L. (1974). Involvement and\r\npolitical advertising effect: An exploratory experiment.\r\nCommunication Research , 1 , 264-283.\r\nRubin , A. M. , & Perse , E. M. (1987). Audience activity and\r\nsoap opera involvement: A uses and effects investigation.\r\nHuman Communication Research , 14 , 246-268.\r\nRubin , A. M. , Perse , E. M. , & Powell , R. A. (1985).\r\nLoneliness , parasocial interaction , and local television\r\nnews viewing. Human Communication Research , 12 , 155-180.\r\nSalmon , C. T. (1986). Perspectives on involvement in\r\nconsumer and communication research. In B. Dervin & M. J.\r\nvoigt (Eds.) , Progress in communication sciences (Vol. 7 ) .\r\nNorweod , NJ: Ablex.\r\nSherif , C. W. , Sherif , M. , & Nebergall, R. E. (1965).\r\nAttitude and attitude change. Philadelphia: Saunders.\r\nShoemaker , P. J. , Schoojer , C. , & Danielson W. A. (1987).\r\nInvolvement with the media: Recall versus recognition of\r\nelection information. Draft.\r\nSwanson , D. L. (1979). Political communication research and\r\nthe uses and gratifications model: A critique. Communication\r\nResearch , 6 , 37-53.\r\nTagg , P. (1981). The analysis of title music as a method of\r\ndecoding implicit ideological message on TV. In G. Andren &.\r\nH. Strand (Eds.) , Mass communication and culture. Stockholm:\r\nUniversity of Stockholm.\r\nTaylor , S. E. (1981). The interface of cognitive and social\r\npsychology. 工n J. H. Harvey (Ed.) ,Cognition , social\r\nbehavior , and the environment. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence\r\nErlbaum Associates.\r\nTichenor , P. E. , Donohue , G. A. , &. Olien C. N. 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