1. NCCU Academic Hub
  2. Publications
  3. College of Foreign Languages and Literature
  4. Theses
  5. Item

Publications-Theses

Article View/Open

Publication Export

Google ScholarTM

NCCU Library

Citation Infomation

Related Publications in TAIR

題名 漢語敘述文中連詞的交談功能
Connectives in Chinese narrative discourse
作者 尤雪瑛
貢獻者 李櫻
Cherry Ying Li
尤雪瑛
關鍵詞 ASP Aspect marker
M Measure Word
PART Particle
PERF Perfect marker
POSS Possessive marker
PREP Preposition
SM Subordinate marker
日期 1990
1989
上傳時間 3-May-2016 14:05:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 The aim of this thesis is to investigate the discourse function of connectives in Chinese narratives. It is found that connectives , being a kind of cohesive ties , operate at different levels of discourse as boundary markers. The present study also
參考文獻 Aziz , Yowell Y. 1988. "Theme-rheme Organization and Paragraph structure in Standard Arabic." in Journal of the International Linguistic Association , 39.2: 117-28.
     Beaugrande , Robert de and Wolfgang Dressler. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.
     Brown , Gillan and George Yule. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Canbridge: Cambridge University Press.
     Calson , Robert. 1987. "Narrative Connectives in Supyire." in Typological Studies in Language: .Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Tomlin , Russell S. Amsterdan: J. Benjamins.
     Chafe Wallace L. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago: The Univ. of Chicago Press.
     __________. 1972. “Discourse Structure and Human knowledge.” in Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of knowledge , eds. J. B. Carroll & R. O.
     Freedle. Washington: Wiley.
     __________. 1976. “Givenness , Contrastiveness ,Difinitness , Subjects , Topics and Point of View." in Subject and Topic , ed. Charles N. Li. New York: Academic Press.
     __________. 1979. "The Flow of Thought and the Flow of Language.” in Syntax and Semantics Vol. 12 , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press , 159-81.
     __________. 1980. "The Deployrnent of Consciousness in the production of a Narrative." in The pear Stories , ed. Wallace L. Chafe. Norwood , New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Co.
     __________. ed. 1980. The Pear Stories. Norwood , New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Co.
     __________. 1985. "How People Use Adverbial Clauses." in BLS , 11: 437-49.
     Chao , Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     Chen , Ding-An. 1985. English and Chinese: A Comparative Study. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.
     Ch`i , Chun. 1988. “Shih Fen Hao Yueh. “ [Beautiful Moon] ,Chung Hua Daily News , September 25 , 1988 , p. 14.
     Christensen , Francis. 1965. "A Generative Rhetoric of the paragraph." College Composition and Communication , 16.3:144-57.
     Chu , Chauncey C. and W. Vincent Chang. 1987. “The Discourse Function of the Verbal Suffix －Le in Mandarin.” JCL, 15.2:309-34.
     Clark , Herbert H. and Eve V. Clark. 1977. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
     Erbaugh , Mary S. 1987. "A Uniform Pause and Error Strategy for Native and Non-native Speakers." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse, ed. Russell S. Tomlin. . Amsterdam: John Benjamins B. V.
     Foley , William A. and Robert D. van Valin , JR. 1980. "Role and Reference Grammar." in Syntax and Semantics 13 , Current Approaches to Syntax , eds. Edith A. Moravcsik and Jessica R. Wirth. New York: Academic Press.
     _________. 1984. Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     Friend, Jewell A. 1974. Traditional Grammar. London: Feffer & Simons , Inc.
     Givon , Talmy . 1978. "Negation in Language: Pragmatics , Function , Ontology." in Syntax and Semantics 9 , Pragmatics , ed. Peter Cole. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1979. On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1983. "Topic continuation in Discourse: The Functional Domain of Switch Reference." in Switch Reference: Typological Studies in Language Vo1.2 , eds. J. Haiman and P. Munro. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     _________, ed. 1983. Topic continuity in Discourse: A Quantitative Cross-language Study. Amsterdan: J.Benjeamins.
     _________.1984. Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     _________.1987. "Beyond Foreground and Background." In Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Russell S. Tomlin. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Grice , H. P. 1975. "Logic and Conversation. “ in Syntax and semantics 3. Speech Acts , eds. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press.
     Grimes , Joseph E. 1975. The thread of Discourse. The Hague:Mouton.
     Haiman , John. 1978. “Conditionals are Topics." Language , 54.3:564-89.
     Hall , Donald. 1976. Writing Well. Boston: Little , Brown and Company.
     Halliday , M. A. K. 1967.”Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English , Part 2.” Linguistics, 3: 199-244.
     _________.1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.
     Halliday , M. A. K. and Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
     Hinds , John. 1978. “Levels of Structure Within the Paragraph." BLS , 4: 598-609.
     _________.1979. “Organizational Patterns in Discourse." in Syntax and Semantics , 12 Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     Ho, Ching-hsien, ed. 1986. Intermediate Chinese Vol. 2. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Hopper , Psul J. 1979. “Aspect and Forgrounding in Discourse.” in Syntax and Semantics , 12 Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     Hsieh , Pingying. 1961. MY Youth. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Jeng , Heng-syung. 1978. "Topic and Subject in Chinese , English and Bunun." in Proceedings of Symposium on Chinese Linguistics -- 1977 Linguistic Institute of the Linguistics Society of America , eds. Tang , Cheng & Li. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     _________.1982. "The Development of Topic and Subject in Chinese and English." in L inguistics in the Morning Calm , ed. the Linguistic Society of Korea. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
     _________.1987. "A Discourse Grammar of Chinese. “ paper presented at the symposium on Modern Syntactic Theories and Chinese Syntax , sponsored by the Graduate Institute of Linguistics , Ching-hua University.
     Johnston , Judith R. 1985. "Cognitive Prerequisites: The Evidence from Children Learning English." in The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition , 2: Theoretical Issues. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates , Inc. , Publishers.
     Labov , William and Joshua Waletzky. 1967.”Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” in Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. June Helm. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
     Lakoff , Robin. 1971. "If’s , and`s and but`s about Conjunction." in Studies. in Linguistic Semantics , eds. Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terrence Langendon. New York: Holt , Rinehart & Winston.
     Larson , Richard L. 1967 . ”Sentences in Action: A Technique for Analyzing Paragraphs.” College Composition and Communication , 18.1: 16-22.
     Leech , Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatic s. London: Longman.
     Levinsohn , Stephen and Robert Longacre. 1977. "Field Analysis of Discourse." in Current Trends in Textlinguistics , ed. Wolgang U. Dressler. New York: de Gruyter.
     Li , Charles N. and Sandra .A.. Thompson. 1976. "Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language." in Subject and Topic ,ed. Charles N. Li. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1979. "Third-person pronouns and zero-anaphora in Chinese Discourse.” in Syntax and Semantics 12, Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. California: University of California Press.
     Li , Cherry Ing. 1985. Participant Anaphora in Mandarin Chinese , Ph. D. dissertation , University of Florida.
     Li , Li-kuo. 1988. "Jung Shu Lou." [The Old Banyan] , United Daily News , September 25 , 1988 , p. 15.
     Lin , Yutang. 1980. Art of Life. Taipei: Yuan Ching Press.
     Longacre , Robert and Stephen Levinsohn. 1977. "Field Analysis of Discourse." in Current Trends in Textlinguistics , ed. Wolfgang U. Dressler. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
     Longacre , Robert E. 1979. "The Paragraph as a Grammatical Unit. " in Syntax and Semantics 12 , Discourse and Syntax ,ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     __________.1983. The Grammar of Discourse. New York: Plenum Press.
     Lyons , John. 1977. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
     McCawley , James D. 1979. "Presupposition and Discourse Structure." in Syntax and Semantics 11,
     Mo , Chien-ching. 1985. "On English Reading Comprehension From the Viewpoint of Understanding Paragraphs.” Studies in Language Education , 4: 85-105.
     ______________.1987. "Chi-Cheng-Jwan-He: An English Version." Laureate 27: 54-62.
     Nation, I. S. P. 1984. .Understanding Paragraphs." Language Learning and Communication , 3.1: 61-68.
     Okurowski , Mary Ellen. 1986. Textual Cohesion in Modern Standard Chinese , Ph. D. dissertation , Georgetow University.
     Ramsay , Violeta. 1987. "The Functional Distribution of Preposed and Postposed `If ` and `When ` Clauses in Written Discourse." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Russell S. Tomlin. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     SChiffrin , Deborah. 1987. Discourse Markers. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     Stalter , William. 1978. "A Sense of Structure. “College Composition and Communication , 29.4: 341-5.
     Stubbs , M. 1983. Discourse Analysis: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural Language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd.
     Tang , Ting-chi . 1988. Studies on Chinese Morphology and Syntax. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     Thompson , Sandra A. 1987. " ‘Subordination’ and Narrative Event Structure." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse,ed. Russell S.
     Tomlin. Amserdam: J. Benjamins.
     Tomlin , Russell S. , ed. 1987. Typological studies in Language Coherence and Grounding in Dicsourse. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Tsai , Chuotang. 1972. Research on Translation. Taipei: Grand Earth Press.
     Tsao , Feng-Fu. 1979. A Functional Study of Topic in Chinese: The First Step Towards Discourse Analysis. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     ___________.1981. Topic Chain in Chinese: A Functional Basic Discourse Unit. Taipei: Crane Book Co.
     ___________.1985. "The World of Four-line Poems: From the Viewpoint of Discourse Analysis." Chung-wai Literary monthly , 2.3: 34-99.
     Tseng , Shoute. 1977. A Study on the Chinese Equivalents of the English "And` M. A. thesis , National Taiwan Normal University.
     Van Dijk , Tenn A. 1972. Some Aspects of Text Grammars. The Hague: Mouton.
     1977. Text and Context: Explorations in the semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. London: Longman.
     Van Dijk , Tenn A. & Walter Kintsch. 1977. "Cognitive Psychology and Discourse: Recalling and Summarizing Stories." In Current Trends in Textlinguistics, ed. Wolfgangu Dressler. New york: de Gruyter.
     Wald , Benji. 1987 "Cross-Clause Relations and Temporal Sequence in Narrative and Beyond." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Tomlin Russell S. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Wang , Li. 1955. Chuang Kuo Yu Fa Li Lun. [Theories of Chinese Grammer. ] Shanghai: Commercial Press.
     _________.1959. Chung Kuo Hsien Dai Yu Fa. [A Grammar of Modern Chinese.] Hong Kong: Ahong Hua Book Store.
     Warner , Richard George. 1979. Discourse Connectives in English ,Ph. D. dissertation , University of California , Santa Cruz.
     Witte , Stephen P. and Lester Faigley. 1981. "Coherence, Cohesion and Writing Quality." College Composition and Communication , 32.2: 189-204.
     Wu , Hsi-chen and others. 1986. Stories from Chinese History Vol.1. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     __________.1987. Chinese Moral Tales. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Yung , Tsu. 1989. "Yeh Yu Feng Yu Yeh Yu Ch’ing." [There are Both Raining and Sunny Days] , United Daily News , April 3 , 1989 , p. 21.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005265
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 李櫻zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Cherry Ying Lien_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 尤雪瑛zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 尤雪瑛zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 1990en_US
dc.date (日期) 1989en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-May-2016 14:05:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-May-2016 14:05:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-May-2016 14:05:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) B2002005265en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/89986-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The aim of this thesis is to investigate the discourse function of connectives in Chinese narratives. It is found that connectives , being a kind of cohesive ties , operate at different levels of discourse as boundary markers. The present study alsoen_US
dc.description.tableofcontents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
     ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
     KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
     LIST OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
     LIST OF APPENDIXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ix
     CHAPTER I INTRODUCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
     Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
     CHAPTER II CLASSIFICATION OF CHINESE CONNECTIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
     2.1 Previous Classifications of Chinese Connectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
     2.1.1 Wang`s Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     2.1.2 Chao`s Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     2.1.3 Li and Thompson`s Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     2.2 The Halliday-Hasan Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
     2.3 A Semantic Classification of Chinese Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     2.3.1 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     2.3.2 Causals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     2.3.3 Adversatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
     2.3.4 Temporals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
     2.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 37
     Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
     CHAPTER III CHINESE CONNECTIVES AS DISCOURSE MARKERS. . . . . . . .. 44
     3.1 Discourse Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
     3.1.1 Cognitive Basis for Discourse Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
     3.1.2 Discourse Structure of Chinese Narratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
     3.2 Discourse Functions of Chinese Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
     3.2.1 Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
     3.2.2 Causals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
     3.2.2.1 Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
     3.2.2.2 Causals as Local Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
     3.2.2.3 Causals as Global Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
     3.2.3 Adversatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
     3.2.3.1 Adversatives as Global Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
     3.2.3.2 Adversative Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
     3.2.4 Temporals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
     3.3 Chinese Connectives and Traditional Chinese Rhetoric Principle . . . . . . .. . . . . . 95
     3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
     Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
     CHAPTER IV CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CHINESE CONNECTIVES AND
     TOPIC CONTINUITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
     4.1 Topic Continuity and Discourse Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
     4.2 Criteria of Topic Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
     4.2.1 Referential Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
     4.2.2 Participant Anaphora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
     4.3 Topic Continuity and the Distribution of Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
     4.3.1 The Definition of Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
     4.3.2 The Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
     4.3.3 Referential Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
     4.3.4 Participant Anaphora. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 126
     4.3.4 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130
     Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
     CHAPTER V EXPERIMENT OF THE USE OF CHINESE CONNECTIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
     5.1 The Design of the Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
     5.2 The Informants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
     5.3 Problems and Solutions in Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
     5.4 Results and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
     5.4.1 Results of the Tests in the Four Categories of Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
     5.4.2 Results of the Tests in Incorporation of Connectives . . . . . . . . . . . 153
     5.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
     Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
     CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
     APPENDIXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
     BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197		zh_TW
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#B2002005265en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) ASP Aspect markeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) M Measure Worden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) PART Particleen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) PERF Perfect markeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) POSS Possessive markeren_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) PREP Prepositionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) SM Subordinate markeren_US
dc.title (題名) 漢語敘述文中連詞的交談功能zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Connectives in Chinese narrative discourseen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Aziz , Yowell Y. 1988. "Theme-rheme Organization and Paragraph structure in Standard Arabic." in Journal of the International Linguistic Association , 39.2: 117-28.
     Beaugrande , Robert de and Wolfgang Dressler. 1981. Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman.
     Brown , Gillan and George Yule. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Canbridge: Cambridge University Press.
     Calson , Robert. 1987. "Narrative Connectives in Supyire." in Typological Studies in Language: .Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Tomlin , Russell S. Amsterdan: J. Benjamins.
     Chafe Wallace L. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago: The Univ. of Chicago Press.
     __________. 1972. “Discourse Structure and Human knowledge.” in Language Comprehension and the Acquisition of knowledge , eds. J. B. Carroll & R. O.
     Freedle. Washington: Wiley.
     __________. 1976. “Givenness , Contrastiveness ,Difinitness , Subjects , Topics and Point of View." in Subject and Topic , ed. Charles N. Li. New York: Academic Press.
     __________. 1979. "The Flow of Thought and the Flow of Language.” in Syntax and Semantics Vol. 12 , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press , 159-81.
     __________. 1980. "The Deployrnent of Consciousness in the production of a Narrative." in The pear Stories , ed. Wallace L. Chafe. Norwood , New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Co.
     __________. ed. 1980. The Pear Stories. Norwood , New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Co.
     __________. 1985. "How People Use Adverbial Clauses." in BLS , 11: 437-49.
     Chao , Yuen Ren. 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.
     Chen , Ding-An. 1985. English and Chinese: A Comparative Study. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.
     Ch`i , Chun. 1988. “Shih Fen Hao Yueh. “ [Beautiful Moon] ,Chung Hua Daily News , September 25 , 1988 , p. 14.
     Christensen , Francis. 1965. "A Generative Rhetoric of the paragraph." College Composition and Communication , 16.3:144-57.
     Chu , Chauncey C. and W. Vincent Chang. 1987. “The Discourse Function of the Verbal Suffix －Le in Mandarin.” JCL, 15.2:309-34.
     Clark , Herbert H. and Eve V. Clark. 1977. Psychology and Language: An Introduction to Psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
     Erbaugh , Mary S. 1987. "A Uniform Pause and Error Strategy for Native and Non-native Speakers." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse, ed. Russell S. Tomlin. . Amsterdam: John Benjamins B. V.
     Foley , William A. and Robert D. van Valin , JR. 1980. "Role and Reference Grammar." in Syntax and Semantics 13 , Current Approaches to Syntax , eds. Edith A. Moravcsik and Jessica R. Wirth. New York: Academic Press.
     _________. 1984. Functional Syntax and Universal Grammar. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     Friend, Jewell A. 1974. Traditional Grammar. London: Feffer & Simons , Inc.
     Givon , Talmy . 1978. "Negation in Language: Pragmatics , Function , Ontology." in Syntax and Semantics 9 , Pragmatics , ed. Peter Cole. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1979. On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1983. "Topic continuation in Discourse: The Functional Domain of Switch Reference." in Switch Reference: Typological Studies in Language Vo1.2 , eds. J. Haiman and P. Munro. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     _________, ed. 1983. Topic continuity in Discourse: A Quantitative Cross-language Study. Amsterdan: J.Benjeamins.
     _________.1984. Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     _________.1987. "Beyond Foreground and Background." In Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Russell S. Tomlin. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Grice , H. P. 1975. "Logic and Conversation. “ in Syntax and semantics 3. Speech Acts , eds. Peter Cole and Jerry L. Morgan. New York: Academic Press.
     Grimes , Joseph E. 1975. The thread of Discourse. The Hague:Mouton.
     Haiman , John. 1978. “Conditionals are Topics." Language , 54.3:564-89.
     Hall , Donald. 1976. Writing Well. Boston: Little , Brown and Company.
     Halliday , M. A. K. 1967.”Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English , Part 2.” Linguistics, 3: 199-244.
     _________.1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.
     Halliday , M. A. K. and Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
     Hinds , John. 1978. “Levels of Structure Within the Paragraph." BLS , 4: 598-609.
     _________.1979. “Organizational Patterns in Discourse." in Syntax and Semantics , 12 Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     Ho, Ching-hsien, ed. 1986. Intermediate Chinese Vol. 2. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Hopper , Psul J. 1979. “Aspect and Forgrounding in Discourse.” in Syntax and Semantics , 12 Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     Hsieh , Pingying. 1961. MY Youth. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Jeng , Heng-syung. 1978. "Topic and Subject in Chinese , English and Bunun." in Proceedings of Symposium on Chinese Linguistics -- 1977 Linguistic Institute of the Linguistics Society of America , eds. Tang , Cheng & Li. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     _________.1982. "The Development of Topic and Subject in Chinese and English." in L inguistics in the Morning Calm , ed. the Linguistic Society of Korea. Seoul: Hanshin Publishing Co.
     _________.1987. "A Discourse Grammar of Chinese. “ paper presented at the symposium on Modern Syntactic Theories and Chinese Syntax , sponsored by the Graduate Institute of Linguistics , Ching-hua University.
     Johnston , Judith R. 1985. "Cognitive Prerequisites: The Evidence from Children Learning English." in The Crosslinguistic Study of Language Acquisition , 2: Theoretical Issues. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates , Inc. , Publishers.
     Labov , William and Joshua Waletzky. 1967.”Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience.” in Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, ed. June Helm. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
     Lakoff , Robin. 1971. "If’s , and`s and but`s about Conjunction." in Studies. in Linguistic Semantics , eds. Charles J. Fillmore and D. Terrence Langendon. New York: Holt , Rinehart & Winston.
     Larson , Richard L. 1967 . ”Sentences in Action: A Technique for Analyzing Paragraphs.” College Composition and Communication , 18.1: 16-22.
     Leech , Geoffrey. 1983. Principles of Pragmatic s. London: Longman.
     Levinsohn , Stephen and Robert Longacre. 1977. "Field Analysis of Discourse." in Current Trends in Textlinguistics , ed. Wolgang U. Dressler. New York: de Gruyter.
     Li , Charles N. and Sandra .A.. Thompson. 1976. "Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language." in Subject and Topic ,ed. Charles N. Li. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1979. "Third-person pronouns and zero-anaphora in Chinese Discourse.” in Syntax and Semantics 12, Discourse and Syntax , ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     _________.1981. Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar. California: University of California Press.
     Li , Cherry Ing. 1985. Participant Anaphora in Mandarin Chinese , Ph. D. dissertation , University of Florida.
     Li , Li-kuo. 1988. "Jung Shu Lou." [The Old Banyan] , United Daily News , September 25 , 1988 , p. 15.
     Lin , Yutang. 1980. Art of Life. Taipei: Yuan Ching Press.
     Longacre , Robert and Stephen Levinsohn. 1977. "Field Analysis of Discourse." in Current Trends in Textlinguistics , ed. Wolfgang U. Dressler. New York: Walter de Gruyter.
     Longacre , Robert E. 1979. "The Paragraph as a Grammatical Unit. " in Syntax and Semantics 12 , Discourse and Syntax ,ed. Talmy Givon. New York: Academic Press.
     __________.1983. The Grammar of Discourse. New York: Plenum Press.
     Lyons , John. 1977. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
     McCawley , James D. 1979. "Presupposition and Discourse Structure." in Syntax and Semantics 11,
     Mo , Chien-ching. 1985. "On English Reading Comprehension From the Viewpoint of Understanding Paragraphs.” Studies in Language Education , 4: 85-105.
     ______________.1987. "Chi-Cheng-Jwan-He: An English Version." Laureate 27: 54-62.
     Nation, I. S. P. 1984. .Understanding Paragraphs." Language Learning and Communication , 3.1: 61-68.
     Okurowski , Mary Ellen. 1986. Textual Cohesion in Modern Standard Chinese , Ph. D. dissertation , Georgetow University.
     Ramsay , Violeta. 1987. "The Functional Distribution of Preposed and Postposed `If ` and `When ` Clauses in Written Discourse." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Russell S. Tomlin. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     SChiffrin , Deborah. 1987. Discourse Markers. New York: Cambridge University Press.
     Stalter , William. 1978. "A Sense of Structure. “College Composition and Communication , 29.4: 341-5.
     Stubbs , M. 1983. Discourse Analysis: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural Language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publisher Ltd.
     Tang , Ting-chi . 1988. Studies on Chinese Morphology and Syntax. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     Thompson , Sandra A. 1987. " ‘Subordination’ and Narrative Event Structure." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse,ed. Russell S.
     Tomlin. Amserdam: J. Benjamins.
     Tomlin , Russell S. , ed. 1987. Typological studies in Language Coherence and Grounding in Dicsourse. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Tsai , Chuotang. 1972. Research on Translation. Taipei: Grand Earth Press.
     Tsao , Feng-Fu. 1979. A Functional Study of Topic in Chinese: The First Step Towards Discourse Analysis. Taipei: Student Book Co.
     ___________.1981. Topic Chain in Chinese: A Functional Basic Discourse Unit. Taipei: Crane Book Co.
     ___________.1985. "The World of Four-line Poems: From the Viewpoint of Discourse Analysis." Chung-wai Literary monthly , 2.3: 34-99.
     Tseng , Shoute. 1977. A Study on the Chinese Equivalents of the English "And` M. A. thesis , National Taiwan Normal University.
     Van Dijk , Tenn A. 1972. Some Aspects of Text Grammars. The Hague: Mouton.
     1977. Text and Context: Explorations in the semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. London: Longman.
     Van Dijk , Tenn A. & Walter Kintsch. 1977. "Cognitive Psychology and Discourse: Recalling and Summarizing Stories." In Current Trends in Textlinguistics, ed. Wolfgangu Dressler. New york: de Gruyter.
     Wald , Benji. 1987 "Cross-Clause Relations and Temporal Sequence in Narrative and Beyond." in Typological Studies in Language: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse , ed. Tomlin Russell S. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins.
     Wang , Li. 1955. Chuang Kuo Yu Fa Li Lun. [Theories of Chinese Grammer. ] Shanghai: Commercial Press.
     _________.1959. Chung Kuo Hsien Dai Yu Fa. [A Grammar of Modern Chinese.] Hong Kong: Ahong Hua Book Store.
     Warner , Richard George. 1979. Discourse Connectives in English ,Ph. D. dissertation , University of California , Santa Cruz.
     Witte , Stephen P. and Lester Faigley. 1981. "Coherence, Cohesion and Writing Quality." College Composition and Communication , 32.2: 189-204.
     Wu , Hsi-chen and others. 1986. Stories from Chinese History Vol.1. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     __________.1987. Chinese Moral Tales. Taipei: Cheng Chung Book Co.
     Yung , Tsu. 1989. "Yeh Yu Feng Yu Yeh Yu Ch’ing." [There are Both Raining and Sunny Days] , United Daily News , April 3 , 1989 , p. 21.		zh_TW