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題名 以史碧娃克之解構、女性主義及後殖民論述看珍瑞絲之《寬闊馬藻海》
A Spivakian Reading of Jean Rhys`s Wide Sargasso Sea作者 林迦瑩
Lin, Chia Ying貢獻者 田維新
Tien, Wei Hsin
林迦瑩
Lin, Chia Ying日期 2002 上傳時間 9-May-2016 16:10:13 (UTC+8) 摘要 由於不滿夏洛特白朗蒂（Charlotte Brontë）之曲寫柏莎（Bertha）－－簡愛（Jane Eyre）中男主角羅徹斯特（Rochester）來自西印度群島的瘋妻－－珍瑞絲（Jean Rhys）決心重寫柏莎的生命紀錄，並試圖還原西印度群島的後殖民面貌。讀畢珍瑞絲的再創作後，史碧娃克（Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak）指出此書主要的貢獻為突顯了柏莎∕安東妮特（Antoinette）之為一充滿情感的人類的事實。相對於《簡愛》那個襯托白人女性主體的他者：柏莎，《寬闊馬藻海》裡的安東妮特情感豐沛、勇於挑戰父權與帝權的壓迫。透過安東妮特與另一重要角色克里斯多芬（Christophine），珍瑞絲細膩而精準地嘲諷了父權及帝權的日迫西山；另一方面，她帶領讀者一窺西印度群島神秘而多元的自然環境及人文意涵。本論文共分五章。第一章為總論，簡述珍瑞絲生平、《寬闊馬藻海》主情節、史碧娃克理論與作品之互動。第二章談解構：重寫簡愛，珍瑞絲成功解構並重構了柏莎的存在。第三章則聚焦於《寬闊馬藻海》中的女性議題，檢討羅徹斯特男子氣概（masculinity）觸礁之事實。第四章自後殖民論述出發，直指帝權的四分五裂。本書中以黑人女管家克里絲多芬的表現最為搶眼，她的現身徹底顛覆了舊有的殖民地印象。珍瑞絲筆下的西印度群島富含無窮的生命韌性及發展活力，遠遠超乎帝權的掌控與想像。結論中瀏覽前四章之軌跡並期待更多故事被發現。
Discontented by Charlotte Brontë`s twisting Rochester`s mad wife, Bertha, from the West Indies in Jane Eyre, Jean Rhys is determined to rewrite Bertha a new life and restore the visage of the postcolonial West Indies. After reading Wide Sargasso Sea, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak points out that the main contribution of the book is to give humanity back to Bertha, that is, to overturn the arbitrary presupposition of the imperialist hegemony towards colonies. In Wide Sargasso Sea, unlike Bertha in Jane Eyre, who exists to supplement the white female subject─Jane Eyre, Antoinette is able to voice for herself and to protest against the double oppressions of patriarchy and imperialism. Through Antoinette and Christophine, Jean Rhys satirizes delicately and precisely the decline of patriarchy and imperialism; in addition, Rhys provides readers with mysterious and multiple natural and cultural treasure of the West Indies. There are five chapters in my thesis. The first chapter, “Introduction,” summarizes the life course Jean Rhys, what happens in Wide Sargasso Sea, and the interrelation between Spivakism and Wide Sargasso Sea. In Chapter Two, I explore Jean Rhys`s intention and success of deconstructing and reconstructing Jane Eyre. In Chapter Three, I focus on the feminist discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea by examining the margin of Rochester`s masculinity. Then, in the fourth chapter, I go straight into the collapse of imperialism by way of reshaping the image of the colony─it is still lively and tough after having been exploited for long by imperialism. Finally in “Conclusion,” I skim trails of the preceding chapters over again and expect more stories to be discovered in the future.參考文獻 Abrams. M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1993. Anglier, Carole. Jean Rhys: Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,1990. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back. New York: Routledge, 1989. Attridge, Derek. “Singularities, Responsibilities: Derrida, Deconstruction and Literary Criticism.” Critical Encounters: Reference and Responsibility in Deconstructive Writing. Eds. Cathy Caruth and Deborah Esch. New Jersey: Rutgers UP, 1995. Auerbach, Nina. Romantic Imprisonment. New York: Columbia UP, 1986. Baer, Elizabeth R. “The Sisterhood of Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway.” The Voyage in: Fictions of Female Development. Ed. Elizabeth Abel, Marianne Hirsh and Elizabeth Langland. New Hampshire UP, 1983. Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1975. Carr, Helen. Jean Rhys. Plymouth: Northcote House, 1996. Carson, Rachel L. “The Sargasso Sea.” Wide Sargasso Sea. Jean Rhys. New York:Norton, 1999. Chen, Shu-chuan. From Jane Eyre to Wide Sargasso Sea: Resistance and a Quest for Identity. Taipei: National Taiwan Normal University Press, 1999. Cixous, Helene. “Castration or Decapitation?” Trans. Annette Kuhn. Signs 7.1 (1981). Curtis, Jan. “The Secret of Wide Sargasso Sea.” Critique 31 (Spring 1990). Deng, Cjiou-rung. The Politics of Rewriting Jane Eyre: “Race,” Gender, and (Anti)-imperialism in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 1999. Derrida, Jacques. “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences.” Writing and Difference. Trans. Alan Bass. London: Routledge, 1993. -------. Psyche: Invention of the Other (Innovation of L’Autre). Paris: Galilee, 1998. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: an Introduction. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1996. Emery, Mary Lou. Jean Rhys at “World’s end”: Novels of Colonial and Sexual Exile. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1967. Fayad, Mona. “Unquiet Ghosts: the Straggle of Representation in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea.” Modern Fiction Studies 34 (Fall 1988). Frickey, Pierrette M., ed. Critical Perspectives on Jean Rhys. Washington D. C.:Three Continents, 1990. Friedman, Ellen G. “Breaking the Master Narrative.” Breaking the Sequence:Women’s Experimental Fiction. Eds. Ellen G. Friedman and Miriam Fuchs. Fry, Catherine. “Jane Eyre and Bertha: Differing Reaction to Patriarchal Oppression.”University of Michigan─Dearborn: n. pag. Online. Internet. 28 Feb. 2002. Fuss, Diana. Essentially Speaking. New York: Routledge, 1989. Gallez, Paula le. The Rhys Woman. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990. Gramsci, Antonio. Prison Notebooks. New York: Columbia UP, 1992. Graves, Benjamin. “Gayatri Cakravorty Spivak: an Introduction.” Brown University:n. pag. Online. Internet. 21. Jan. 2002. ------, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Brown University: n. pag. Online. Internet. 21 Jan.2002. Gregg, Veronica. Jean Rhys’s Historical Imagination: Reading and Writing the Creole. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1955. Guba, Ranjit, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, eds. Selected Subaltern Studies.Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. Harasym, Sarah, ed. The Post-colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues. New York: Routledge, 1990. Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” Contemporary Postcolonial Theory.New York: Mongia, 1996. Harris, Wilson. Palace of the Peacock. London: Faber and Faber, 1981. Harrison, Nancy R. Jean Rhys and the Novel as Women’s Text. Chapel Hill: North Carolina UP, 1988. Kendrick, Robert. “Edward Rochester and the Margins of Masculinity in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea.” Papers on Language & Literature 30.3 (1994). Kloepfer, Deborah Kelly. The Unspeakable Mother: Forbidden Discourse in Jean Rhys and H. D. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1989. Landry, Donna, and Gerald MacLean, eds. The Spivak Reader: Selected Works of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. New York: Routledge, 1996. Lye, John. “Deconstruction: Some Assumptions.” Brock University: n. pag. Online.Internet. 19 Feb. 2002. Mani, B. Venkat. “Presidential Lectures: Gayatri Spivak.” Stanford University: n. pag.Online. Internet. 21 Jan. 2002. Melkom, Carine. “Double (De)colonization of the Feminist Criticism of Wide Sargasso Sea.” College Literature 26 (Spring 1999). Nelson, C., and L. Grossberg, eds. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture.Basingstoke: Macmillam Education, 1998. Nixon, Nicola. “Wide Sargasso Sea and Jean Rhys’s Interrogation of the Nature Wholly Alien in Jane Eyre.” Essays in Literature 21.2 (1994). Rhys, Jean. The Left Bank. London: Cape, 1927. ----, Postures. London: Chatto & Windus, 1928. ----, After Leaving Mr Mackenzie. London: Cape, 1930. ----, Voyage in the Dark. London: Constable, 1934. ----, Good Morning, Midnight. London: Constable, 1939. ----, Tigers Are Better Looking. London: Andre Deutsch, 1968. ----, My Day. New York: Frank Hallman, 1975. ----, Sleep it Off, Lady. London: Andre Deutsch, 1976. ----, Smile Please: An Unfinished Autobiography. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. ----, “Making Bricks Without Straw.” Horper’s (July 1978). ----, Wide Sargasso Sea (backgrounds, criticisms edited by Judith L. Raislin). New York: Norton, 1999. Riedner, Rachel. “A Critique of Postcolonial Reason (Book Review).” American Studies International 38.3 (Oct. 2000): 128. Online. Internet. 7. Feb. 2002. Sagar, Aparajita. Forays into the Attic: The Postcolonial Fiction of Jean Rhys and J.M. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Press, 1993. Schacht, Richard. Nietzsche Selections. New York: Macmillan, 1993. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: The Modern Prometheus, 1965. Silverman, Kaja. Male Subjectivity at the Margins. New York: Routledge, 1992. Smith, Kristin. “Woman as Demon.” University of Michigan─Dearborn. Online.Internet. 28 Feb. 2002. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Translation with critical introduction of Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology (De la grammatologie). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1976. ------, In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. New York: Routledge, 1988. ------, Outside in the Teaching Machine. New York: Routledge, 1993. ------, “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism.” Eds. Bart Moore-Gilbert,Gareth Stanton, and Willy Maley. Postcolonial Criticism. London: Longman,1997. Vreeland, Elizabeth. “Jean Rhys: The Art of Fiction LXIV.” Paris Review 76 (1979). Williams, Patrick, and Laura Chrisman, eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: A Reader. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Winterhalter, Teresa. “Narrative Technique and the Rage for Order in Wide Sargasso Sea.” Narrative 2.3 (1994). Wyndham, Francis, and Diana Melly, eds. Jean Rhys Letters. New York: Viking,1984. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000277 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 田維新 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Tien, Wei Hsin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林迦瑩 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Chia Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 林迦瑩 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Chia Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2002 en_US dc.date.accessioned 9-May-2016 16:10:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 9-May-2016 16:10:13 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 9-May-2016 16:10:13 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) A2010000277 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95392 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 由於不滿夏洛特白朗蒂（Charlotte Brontë）之曲寫柏莎（Bertha）－－簡愛（Jane Eyre）中男主角羅徹斯特（Rochester）來自西印度群島的瘋妻－－珍瑞絲（Jean Rhys）決心重寫柏莎的生命紀錄，並試圖還原西印度群島的後殖民面貌。讀畢珍瑞絲的再創作後，史碧娃克（Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak）指出此書主要的貢獻為突顯了柏莎∕安東妮特（Antoinette）之為一充滿情感的人類的事實。相對於《簡愛》那個襯托白人女性主體的他者：柏莎，《寬闊馬藻海》裡的安東妮特情感豐沛、勇於挑戰父權與帝權的壓迫。透過安東妮特與另一重要角色克里斯多芬（Christophine），珍瑞絲細膩而精準地嘲諷了父權及帝權的日迫西山；另一方面，她帶領讀者一窺西印度群島神秘而多元的自然環境及人文意涵。本論文共分五章。第一章為總論，簡述珍瑞絲生平、《寬闊馬藻海》主情節、史碧娃克理論與作品之互動。第二章談解構：重寫簡愛，珍瑞絲成功解構並重構了柏莎的存在。第三章則聚焦於《寬闊馬藻海》中的女性議題，檢討羅徹斯特男子氣概（masculinity）觸礁之事實。第四章自後殖民論述出發，直指帝權的四分五裂。本書中以黑人女管家克里絲多芬的表現最為搶眼，她的現身徹底顛覆了舊有的殖民地印象。珍瑞絲筆下的西印度群島富含無窮的生命韌性及發展活力，遠遠超乎帝權的掌控與想像。結論中瀏覽前四章之軌跡並期待更多故事被發現。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) Discontented by Charlotte Brontë`s twisting Rochester`s mad wife, Bertha, from the West Indies in Jane Eyre, Jean Rhys is determined to rewrite Bertha a new life and restore the visage of the postcolonial West Indies. After reading Wide Sargasso Sea, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak points out that the main contribution of the book is to give humanity back to Bertha, that is, to overturn the arbitrary presupposition of the imperialist hegemony towards colonies. In Wide Sargasso Sea, unlike Bertha in Jane Eyre, who exists to supplement the white female subject─Jane Eyre, Antoinette is able to voice for herself and to protest against the double oppressions of patriarchy and imperialism. Through Antoinette and Christophine, Jean Rhys satirizes delicately and precisely the decline of patriarchy and imperialism; in addition, Rhys provides readers with mysterious and multiple natural and cultural treasure of the West Indies. There are five chapters in my thesis. The first chapter, “Introduction,” summarizes the life course Jean Rhys, what happens in Wide Sargasso Sea, and the interrelation between Spivakism and Wide Sargasso Sea. In Chapter Two, I explore Jean Rhys`s intention and success of deconstructing and reconstructing Jane Eyre. In Chapter Three, I focus on the feminist discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea by examining the margin of Rochester`s masculinity. Then, in the fourth chapter, I go straight into the collapse of imperialism by way of reshaping the image of the colony─it is still lively and tough after having been exploited for long by imperialism. Finally in “Conclusion,” I skim trails of the preceding chapters over again and expect more stories to be discovered in the future. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgements-----iv Table of Contents-----v Chinese Abstract----- vi English Abstract-----viii Chapter 1. Introduction-----1 A Brief Biography of Jean Rhys-----1 A Summary of Wide Sargasso Sea-----6 A Summary of Spivakism-----14 Sailing in Wide Sargasso Sea on the Boat “Spivakism”-----18 2. Deconstruction─Jane Eyre Revisioned-----20 Setting off from Derrida-----21 Reviewing Bertha, the Other in Jane Eyre-----24 Re-presenting Antoinette/Bertha in Wide Sargasso Sea-----32 3. Feminist Discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea-----40 Spivakian Feminism-----41 The Margin of Masculinity-----45 4. Postcolonial Discourse in Wide Sargasso Sea-----58 Spivakian Postcolonialism-----59 Imperialism Falls Apart-----64 5. Conclusion-----75 Works Cited-----81 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000277 en_US dc.title (題名) 以史碧娃克之解構、女性主義及後殖民論述看珍瑞絲之《寬闊馬藻海》 zh_TW dc.title (題名) A Spivakian Reading of Jean Rhys`s Wide Sargasso Sea en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Abrams. M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1993. Anglier, Carole. Jean Rhys: Life and Work. Boston: Little, Brown and Company,1990. Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. The Empire Writes Back. New York: Routledge, 1989. Attridge, Derek. “Singularities, Responsibilities: Derrida, Deconstruction and Literary Criticism.” Critical Encounters: Reference and Responsibility in Deconstructive Writing. Eds. Cathy Caruth and Deborah Esch. New Jersey: Rutgers UP, 1995. Auerbach, Nina. Romantic Imprisonment. New York: Columbia UP, 1986. Baer, Elizabeth R. “The Sisterhood of Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway.” The Voyage in: Fictions of Female Development. Ed. Elizabeth Abel, Marianne Hirsh and Elizabeth Langland. New Hampshire UP, 1983. Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1975. Carr, Helen. Jean Rhys. Plymouth: Northcote House, 1996. Carson, Rachel L. “The Sargasso Sea.” Wide Sargasso Sea. Jean Rhys. New York:Norton, 1999. Chen, Shu-chuan. From Jane Eyre to Wide Sargasso Sea: Resistance and a Quest for Identity. Taipei: National Taiwan Normal University Press, 1999. Cixous, Helene. “Castration or Decapitation?” Trans. Annette Kuhn. Signs 7.1 (1981). Curtis, Jan. “The Secret of Wide Sargasso Sea.” Critique 31 (Spring 1990). Deng, Cjiou-rung. The Politics of Rewriting Jane Eyre: “Race,” Gender, and (Anti)-imperialism in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea. Taipei: National Taiwan University Press, 1999. Derrida, Jacques. “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences.” Writing and Difference. Trans. Alan Bass. London: Routledge, 1993. -------. Psyche: Invention of the Other (Innovation of L’Autre). Paris: Galilee, 1998. Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: an Introduction. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1996. Emery, Mary Lou. Jean Rhys at “World’s end”: Novels of Colonial and Sexual Exile. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1967. Fayad, Mona. “Unquiet Ghosts: the Straggle of Representation in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea.” Modern Fiction Studies 34 (Fall 1988). Frickey, Pierrette M., ed. Critical Perspectives on Jean Rhys. Washington D. C.:Three Continents, 1990. Friedman, Ellen G. “Breaking the Master Narrative.” Breaking the Sequence:Women’s Experimental Fiction. Eds. Ellen G. Friedman and Miriam Fuchs. Fry, Catherine. “Jane Eyre and Bertha: Differing Reaction to Patriarchal Oppression.”University of Michigan─Dearborn: n. pag. Online. Internet. 28 Feb. 2002. Fuss, Diana. Essentially Speaking. New York: Routledge, 1989. Gallez, Paula le. The Rhys Woman. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1990. Gramsci, Antonio. Prison Notebooks. New York: Columbia UP, 1992. Graves, Benjamin. “Gayatri Cakravorty Spivak: an Introduction.” Brown University:n. pag. Online. Internet. 21. Jan. 2002. ------, “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Brown University: n. pag. Online. Internet. 21 Jan.2002. Gregg, Veronica. Jean Rhys’s Historical Imagination: Reading and Writing the Creole. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1955. Guba, Ranjit, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, eds. Selected Subaltern Studies.Oxford: Oxford UP, 1998. Harasym, Sarah, ed. The Post-colonial Critic: Interviews, Strategies, Dialogues. New York: Routledge, 1990. Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” Contemporary Postcolonial Theory.New York: Mongia, 1996. Harris, Wilson. Palace of the Peacock. London: Faber and Faber, 1981. Harrison, Nancy R. Jean Rhys and the Novel as Women’s Text. Chapel Hill: North Carolina UP, 1988. Kendrick, Robert. “Edward Rochester and the Margins of Masculinity in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea.” Papers on Language & Literature 30.3 (1994). Kloepfer, Deborah Kelly. The Unspeakable Mother: Forbidden Discourse in Jean Rhys and H. D. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1989. Landry, Donna, and Gerald MacLean, eds. The Spivak Reader: Selected Works of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. New York: Routledge, 1996. Lye, John. “Deconstruction: Some Assumptions.” Brock University: n. pag. Online.Internet. 19 Feb. 2002. Mani, B. Venkat. “Presidential Lectures: Gayatri Spivak.” Stanford University: n. pag.Online. Internet. 21 Jan. 2002. Melkom, Carine. “Double (De)colonization of the Feminist Criticism of Wide Sargasso Sea.” College Literature 26 (Spring 1999). Nelson, C., and L. Grossberg, eds. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture.Basingstoke: Macmillam Education, 1998. Nixon, Nicola. “Wide Sargasso Sea and Jean Rhys’s Interrogation of the Nature Wholly Alien in Jane Eyre.” Essays in Literature 21.2 (1994). Rhys, Jean. The Left Bank. London: Cape, 1927. ----, Postures. London: Chatto & Windus, 1928. ----, After Leaving Mr Mackenzie. London: Cape, 1930. ----, Voyage in the Dark. London: Constable, 1934. ----, Good Morning, Midnight. London: Constable, 1939. ----, Tigers Are Better Looking. London: Andre Deutsch, 1968. ----, My Day. New York: Frank Hallman, 1975. ----, Sleep it Off, Lady. London: Andre Deutsch, 1976. ----, Smile Please: An Unfinished Autobiography. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. ----, “Making Bricks Without Straw.” Horper’s (July 1978). ----, Wide Sargasso Sea (backgrounds, criticisms edited by Judith L. Raislin). New York: Norton, 1999. Riedner, Rachel. “A Critique of Postcolonial Reason (Book Review).” American Studies International 38.3 (Oct. 2000): 128. Online. Internet. 7. Feb. 2002. Sagar, Aparajita. Forays into the Attic: The Postcolonial Fiction of Jean Rhys and J.M. Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Press, 1993. Schacht, Richard. Nietzsche Selections. New York: Macmillan, 1993. Shelly, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: The Modern Prometheus, 1965. Silverman, Kaja. Male Subjectivity at the Margins. New York: Routledge, 1992. Smith, Kristin. “Woman as Demon.” University of Michigan─Dearborn. Online.Internet. 28 Feb. 2002. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Translation with critical introduction of Jacques Derrida’s Of Grammatology (De la grammatologie). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1976. ------, In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics. New York: Routledge, 1988. ------, Outside in the Teaching Machine. New York: Routledge, 1993. ------, “Three Women’s Texts and a Critique of Imperialism.” Eds. Bart Moore-Gilbert,Gareth Stanton, and Willy Maley. Postcolonial Criticism. London: Longman,1997. Vreeland, Elizabeth. “Jean Rhys: The Art of Fiction LXIV.” Paris Review 76 (1979). Williams, Patrick, and Laura Chrisman, eds. Colonial Discourse and Post-colonial Theory: A Reader. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Winterhalter, Teresa. “Narrative Technique and the Rage for Order in Wide Sargasso Sea.” Narrative 2.3 (1994). Wyndham, Francis, and Diana Melly, eds. Jean Rhys Letters. New York: Viking,1984. zh_TW
