| dc.contributor.advisor | 屈承熹 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chu, Chaun Cey | en_US |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | 朱素貞 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author (Authors) | Chu, Su Chen | en_US |
| dc.creator (作者) | 朱素貞 | zh_TW |
| dc.creator (作者) | Chu, Su Chen | en_US |
| dc.date (日期) | 1999 | en_US |
| dc.date.accessioned | 10-May-2016 15:46:42 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.available | 10-May-2016 15:46:42 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.date.issued (上傳時間) | 10-May-2016 15:46:42 (UTC+8) | - |
| dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) | A2010000579 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri (URI) | http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/95858 | - |
| dc.description (描述) | 碩士 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 國立政治大學 | zh_TW |
| dc.description (描述) | 語言學研究所 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | 零行回指是現代漢語中的一個很重要的語言現象，本篇採取功能篇章的角度(the functional-discourse approach)用量化和質化的方法來對比篇章及會話中零形回指的現象。本篇的研究重點是：（一）現代漢語篇章及會話中零形回指的出現頻率及分佈差異？（二）那些原因造成這些差異？ 透過量化分析，我們發現(1)零形回指出現在篇章的頻率遠比在會話中高。(2)在篇章中，零形回指主要是出現在一個句子“sentence”中;在會話中，零形回指主要則是出現在一個話輪“turn”中。(3)不管在篇章或是會話中，百分之九十的零形回指都出現在不受干擾的語境(zero potential competitor/high accessible)。 透過了質化分析、我們證實了會影響零形回指出現的原因有：敘事體(narrative genre)主角的數目(numher of main characters)、主角是否為人、(human character vs. non-human object/matter)、單位的長度(length of the structural unit)、同理心(empathy)、意見不一(disagreement)等。 最後，經過對比，我們發現語法、語意、篇章等因素對篇章及會話中零形回指的影響是差不多的。比較大的差別是像同理心，意見不一之累的非語言因素。非語言因素只對會話中的零形回指有影響。這樣的差異則要歸因於篇章與會話的不同本質。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract (摘要) | Zero Anaphora (hereafter ZA), generally known as deletion of a noun or noun phrase on the basis of an antecedent, is an important phenomenon in Chinese. This study employs the functional-discourse approach to examine ZA in written and conversational texts in modern Mandarin. The specific questions to be used as guiding posts in this study are: (1) How differently are ZAs distributed in written and conversational texts? (2) What are the factors that affect the different distributions? We have applied both quantitative and qualitative analyses to the investigation of ZA in written and conversational texts. Quantitative analysis reveals the frequency and the percentage of ZA in terms of the total text. Qualitative analysis explains why there is such a distribution by examining the motivation for the occurrence of ZA and identifying the factors that affect the appearance of ZAs. Cohesion is identified as the motivation for the occurrence of ZAs in both written and conversational texts. The narrative genre, empathy, shared knowledge, number of main characters, humanness of the character, and length of the structural unit are identified as factors that contribute to the frequency ofZA occurrences.. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Title Page-----i Approval Sheet-----ii Copyright Page-----iii Acknowledgements-----iv Table of Contents-----v Chinese Abstract-----viii English Abstract-----ix Chapters 1. Introduction-----1 1.1 Hypothesis-----2 1.2 Organization-----2 2. Literature Review-----3 2.1 The Government and Binding Approach-----3 2.2 Yan Huang`s Pragmatic Theory of Anaphora-----4 2.3 The Functional Discourse Approach-----6 2.3.1 Fox Babara`s Analysis-----7 2.3.2 Tsao`s Analysis-----8 2.3.3 Li and Thompson`s Analysis-----10 2.3.4 Lin Analysis-----11 2.3.5 Chen`s Analysis-----12 2.3.6 Li`s Analysis-----13 2.3.7 Chu`s Analysis-----14 2.3.8 Su`s Analysis-----15 2.4 Literature on Written and Conversational Texts-----16 3. Theoretical Background-----19 3.1 What a ZA is Like-----19 3.2 Motivations for the Occurrence of ZA-----21 3.2.1 Cohesion-----21 3.2.2 Empathy-----22 3.2.3 Shared Knowledge Between Speaker and Hearer-----23 3.3 Factor Affecting the Usage of ZAs-----24 3.3.1 Humanness of Character-----24 3.3.2 Narrative Genre-----25 4. Methodology-----27 4.1 Database-----28 4.1.1 Written Data-----29 4.1.2 Conversational Data-----29 4.2 Discourse Units of Written Text-----30 (a) Clause-----31 (b) Sentence-----32 4.3 Discourse Units of Conversational Text-----34 (a) Intonation Unit-----34 (b) Turn-----34 4.4 Quantitative Analysis-----36 (a) Referential Distance-----36 (b) Potential Interference-----36 4.5 Qualitative Analysis-----37 5 Quantitative Analysis ─ Results-----39 5.1 Statistics in the Discourse Units-----39 5.1.1 The Percentage of ZA-----39 5.1.2 The Frequency of ZAs-----40 5.1.3 Third Person ZAs-----46 5.2 Referential Distance-----49 5.3 Interference by Potential Competitors-----56 6. Qualitative Analysis ─ Discussion-----59 6.1 Motivation for the Appearance of ZA ─ Cohesion-----59 6.2 Shared Knowledge-----61 6.3 Factors Affecting the Appearance of ZA-----63 6.3.1 Narrative Genre-----63 6.3.2 Number of Main Characters-----66 6.3.3 Human Character vs. Non-human Object/Matter-----67 6.3.4 Length of the Structural Unit-----70 6.3.4.1 Sentence-----70 6.3.4.2 Turn-----72 6.3.5 Empathy-----73 6.3.6 Disagreement-----74 6.3.7 Person-----75 6.4 Comparison between Spoken and Written Texts-----78 6.4.1 Motivation for the Occurrence of ZA ─ Cohesion-----78 6.4.2 Motivation for the Non-Occurrence of Potential ZA ─ Lack of Empathy-----78 6.4.3 Syntactic Factors-----79 6.4.4 Semantic Factors-----80 6.4.5 Discourse Factors-----80 6.4.6 Non-Linguistic Contextual Factors-----81 6.4.7 Summary-----93 7 Conclusion-----85 7.1 Summary-----85 7.2 Further Issues-----87 Appendix-----89 Bibliography-----90 | zh_TW |
| dc.source.uri (資料來源) | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#A2010000579 | en_US |
| dc.title (題名) | 現代漢語篇章及會話中零形回指的比較研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title (題名) | Zero Anaphora in Written and Conversational Texts in Modern Mandarin | en_US |
| dc.type (資料類型) | thesis | en_US |
