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題名 華語幼兒音節縮減研究
A Study of Syllable Deletion in Mandarin Acquisition
作者 林欣瑩
Lin, Shin Ying
貢獻者 萬依萍
Wan, I Ping
林欣瑩
Lin, Shin Ying
關鍵詞 音節縮減
音節習得
音節縮減模式
頻率
台灣華語
syllable deletion
syllable acquisition
deletion pattern
frequency
Taiwan Mandarin
日期 2016
上傳時間 1-Jul-2016 14:51:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文是針對以台灣華語為母語之幼兒，採長期觀察與收錄自發性語料之方式，研究台灣華語幼兒音節習得與音節縮減(syllable deletion)，並詳加描述單音節、雙音節和多音節之中音節類型出現的頻率、音節縮減模式，以及幼兒與母親的音節比較。本研究同時以Jakobson (1968)的音節標記理論與頻率使用理論來檢驗幼兒的音節表現。
本研究觀察四位年齡在十個月至兩歲六個月的幼兒，以及四位幼兒的照顧者(母親)的語料。以兩個星期一次的頻率收集幼兒和母親之間的自然對話，並利用錄製回來的影音檔做譯寫分析。
研究結果顯示幼兒的音節習得的表現是有規則可循的，在所有音節產出以及音節縮減的模式中，無標記音節類型CV的頻率最高；在幼兒初階的語言產製中，越是無標記的音節類型，發生頻率則會越高。另一方面，幼兒在早期的音節表現中容易產生音節縮減的模式，常使用韻尾省略(coda-dropping)的方式產出詞彙，以省略韻尾介音[w]和韻尾鼻音為主。此外，為了檢驗每一幼兒與其照顧者的音節類型之間有無影響，透過統計分析，研究結果顯示幼兒與母親的音節類型比較呈現正相關，亦即幼兒的音韻產出或許會受到音韻環境的影響，進而產生與語言環境(母親語言)相似的音節類型與模式。
The aim of this study is to discuss the issue concerning syllable deletion of the young children acquiring Taiwan Mandarin. The two main aspects are including in the following: syllable acquisition and syllable deletion pattern. The frequency of overall syllable types, the patterns of syllable deletion, and the syllable relationship between children and caretakers were examined. The findings can be explained by markedness theory proposed by Jakobson (1968) and frequency effects.
The four children, aged between 0;10 to 2;6, and the four caretakers are investigated in this study. The spontaneous speech between the child and the mother every other week was recorded and analyzed. A longitudinal observation study is conducted by the researcher and the research team.
Based on the analyses, the young children show a general syllable tendency; that is, the unmarked syllable type, CV, has the highest frequency in the analyses of overall syllable types and syllable deletion types respectively. The more unmarked syllable types occur more frequently in the children’s early production. Since the young children’s phonological systems are unstable and immature, they tend to produce the reduced syllable forms, especially the deletion of the postnuclear glide [w] and the deletion of the final nasal. The possible reason may due to the fact that the children use coda-dropping as a simplification strategy in their production. Furthermore, according to statistical findings, the syllable types of the four child-caretaker pairs are positively correlated. Young children’s phonological productions may be influenced by the overall productivity and the phonetic content of the ambient language.
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Bao, Z. (1996). The syllable in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 24(2), 312-353.
Bao, Z. (1990). Fanqie languages and reduplication. Linguistic Inquiry, 317-350.
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蔡素娟（民95）。語料庫為本的閩南語兒童韻律習得研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告（編號：NSC 95-2411-H-194-022-MY3），未出版。
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
102555006
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555006
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 萬依萍zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wan, I Pingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林欣瑩zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Shin Yingen_US
dc.creator (作者) 林欣瑩zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Lin, Shin Yingen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Jul-2016 14:51:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Jul-2016 14:51:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Jul-2016 14:51:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102555006en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98525-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102555006zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文是針對以台灣華語為母語之幼兒，採長期觀察與收錄自發性語料之方式，研究台灣華語幼兒音節習得與音節縮減(syllable deletion)，並詳加描述單音節、雙音節和多音節之中音節類型出現的頻率、音節縮減模式，以及幼兒與母親的音節比較。本研究同時以Jakobson (1968)的音節標記理論與頻率使用理論來檢驗幼兒的音節表現。
本研究觀察四位年齡在十個月至兩歲六個月的幼兒，以及四位幼兒的照顧者(母親)的語料。以兩個星期一次的頻率收集幼兒和母親之間的自然對話，並利用錄製回來的影音檔做譯寫分析。
研究結果顯示幼兒的音節習得的表現是有規則可循的，在所有音節產出以及音節縮減的模式中，無標記音節類型CV的頻率最高；在幼兒初階的語言產製中，越是無標記的音節類型，發生頻率則會越高。另一方面，幼兒在早期的音節表現中容易產生音節縮減的模式，常使用韻尾省略(coda-dropping)的方式產出詞彙，以省略韻尾介音[w]和韻尾鼻音為主。此外，為了檢驗每一幼兒與其照顧者的音節類型之間有無影響，透過統計分析，研究結果顯示幼兒與母親的音節類型比較呈現正相關，亦即幼兒的音韻產出或許會受到音韻環境的影響，進而產生與語言環境(母親語言)相似的音節類型與模式。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The aim of this study is to discuss the issue concerning syllable deletion of the young children acquiring Taiwan Mandarin. The two main aspects are including in the following: syllable acquisition and syllable deletion pattern. The frequency of overall syllable types, the patterns of syllable deletion, and the syllable relationship between children and caretakers were examined. The findings can be explained by markedness theory proposed by Jakobson (1968) and frequency effects.
The four children, aged between 0;10 to 2;6, and the four caretakers are investigated in this study. The spontaneous speech between the child and the mother every other week was recorded and analyzed. A longitudinal observation study is conducted by the researcher and the research team.
Based on the analyses, the young children show a general syllable tendency; that is, the unmarked syllable type, CV, has the highest frequency in the analyses of overall syllable types and syllable deletion types respectively. The more unmarked syllable types occur more frequently in the children’s early production. Since the young children’s phonological systems are unstable and immature, they tend to produce the reduced syllable forms, especially the deletion of the postnuclear glide [w] and the deletion of the final nasal. The possible reason may due to the fact that the children use coda-dropping as a simplification strategy in their production. Furthermore, according to statistical findings, the syllable types of the four child-caretaker pairs are positively correlated. Young children’s phonological productions may be influenced by the overall productivity and the phonetic content of the ambient language.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The research background 1
1.2 Cross-linguistic studies on syllable deletion 5
1.3 Research questions 7
1.4 Organization of the thesis 9
Chapter 2 Literature review 10
2.1 Introduction to Mandarin phonology 10
2.1.1 Syllable types in Mandarin 10
2.1.2 Syllable structures 14
2.2 Syllable acquisition and syllable deletion in cross-linguistic studies 17
2.2.1 English 18
2.2.2 Spanish 21
2.2.3 French 23
2.3 General theories on syllable deletion 25
2.3.1 Markedness theory 26
2.3.2 Frequency effect 29
2.3.3 Perceptual account 31
2.3.4 Production account 32
2.4 Syllable deletion in Mandarin, Cantonese and Taiwan Southern Min 34
Chapter 3 Methodology 38
3.1 Data collection 39
3.1.1 Participants 40
3.1.2 Procedures 41
3.1.3 Recording equipment 43
3.2 Data Analysis 44
3.2.1 Transcription and coding 44
3.2.2 Criteria for target word 46
3.2.3 Frequency of overall syllable type 49
3.2.4 Frequency of syllable deletion 51
3.2.5 The pattern of syllable deletion 52
Chapter 4 Result and analysis 54
4.1 Data Background Information 54
4.2 Frequency of syllable types 56
4.2.1 Frequency of overall syllable types 57
4.2.1.1 Overall monosyllabic words 57
4.2.1.2 Overall disyllabic words 61
4.2.1.3 Overall multisyllabic words 64

4.2.2 Frequency of syllable deletion 68
4.2.2.1 Deleted monosyllabic words 68
4.2.2.2 Deleted disyllabic words 72
4.2.2.3 Deleted multisyllabic words 76
4.3 Patterns of syllable deletion in syllable positions 79
4.4 Syllable relationship between children and caretakers 84
Chapter 5 Discussion and conclusion 89
5.1 Summary of the findings 89
5.2 Discussion on syllable analysis 92
5.2.1 The overall syllable types 92
5.2.2 The syllable deletion types 94
5.2.3 The syllable deletion patterns 96
5.2.4 The syllable relationship between children and caretakers 97
5.3 Conclusion 99
References 102		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1305563 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555006en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音節縮減zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音節習得zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音節縮減模式zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 頻率zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣華語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) syllable deletionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) syllable acquisitionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) deletion patternen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) frequencyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan Mandarinen_US
dc.title (題名) 華語幼兒音節縮減研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) A Study of Syllable Deletion in Mandarin Acquisitionen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) References
Albin, D. D., & Echols, C. H. (1996). Stressed and word-final syllables in infant-directed speech. Infant Behavior and Development, 19(4), 401-418.
Allen, G. D., & Hawkins, S. (1980). Phonological rhythm: Definition and development. Child phonology, 1, 227-256.
Bao, Z. (1996). The syllable in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 24(2), 312-353.
Bao, Z. (1990). Fanqie languages and reduplication. Linguistic Inquiry, 317-350.
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蔡素娟（民95）。語料庫為本的閩南語兒童韻律習得研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究成果報告（編號：NSC 95-2411-H-194-022-MY3），未出版。		zh_TW