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題名 中、英轉碼的三聲變調
Tone Sandhi in Mandarin-English Code-Mixing
作者 陳旻欣
Chen, Min Hsin
貢獻者 蕭宇超
Hsiao, Yuchau E.
陳旻欣
Chen, Min Hsin
關鍵詞 優選理論
音韻學
三聲變調
中英轉碼
Tone sandhi
OT theory
Phonology
code-mixing
日期 2016
上傳時間 11-Jul-2016 16:41:09 (UTC+8)
摘要 本論文主要在探討三聲變調在中、英文語碼轉換（Mandarin-English code-mixing）時的連續變調現象。首先，從韻律音韻學的觀點，句法結構與音韻規則間存在一中介面，即韻律結構。本研究先採用Selkirk（1986）的邊界理論，檢驗句法單位邊界與韻律單位邊界一致。並用Hsiao（1991）的音板計數理論和音步分析原則來分析中、英語碼轉換的的韻律，得出三聲變調在中、英語碼轉換的變調範域為巨音步（JF），以及解釋在語意歧異結構時三聲變調的運作情形和把字句變調與不變調兩種念法。接著從優選理論觀點進行分析，三聲變調應用的制約可分為聲調制約和韻律制約，聲調制約的排序為Ident-R >> OCP-L >> IO-Ident；韻律制約的排序為：ParseSyll >> *MonoF, Align(Ft, IC)R >> FtBin。總體而言，三聲變調在中、英文語碼轉換的運作情形為當中文三聲後方接著英文帶低調特徵的音節，兩者出現在同一個變調範域，也就是被劃分在同一個巨音步時，後方的低調音節可以觸發前方三聲產生變調。
This thesis aims at examining Mandarin tone sandhi in Mandarin-English code-mixing. In Mandarin, when two L tones are adjacent, the first L is changed to LH. Hsiao and Lin (1999) have shown that a Southern Min L can trigger Mandarin tone sandhi in a code-mixed environment. Cheng (1968) also observes that the English weakest stress can trigger a preceding Mandarin L to change.
This study builds a database that contains 400 tokens of Mandarin-English code-mixing data by inserting Englsih words in Mandarin sentences and Mandarin L words must occur before English words, whose first syllable must be unstressed. We discussed how tone sandhi domain is related to prosody and syntax in two perspectives: Prosody phonily and OT theory. Three research questions are investigated. 1) What is the tone sandhi domain of Mandarin-English code-mixing? 2) How is tone sandhi domain related to prosody and syntax? 3) What tonal and prosodic constraints are used in Mandarin-English code-mixing? What are their rankings?
We concluded that first of all, the tone sandhi domain of Mandarin-English code-mixing is JF, which contains at least one Mandarin syllable and the following English syllables. Secondly, the foot parsing process is related to the directions of syntax. Third, tonal constraints are: Ident-R >> OCP-L >> IO-Ident ; and prosodic constraints are: ParseSyll >> *MonoF, Align(Ft, IC)R >> FtBin.
參考文獻 英文文獻
Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. Agrammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkely: University of California Press.
Chen, Matthew Y. 1987. The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi. Phonology Yearbook 4: 109-115.
Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects. Oxford University Press.
Cheng, Chin-chuang. 1968. English stresses and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences. Phonetica 18:77-88.
Cheng, Chin-chuang. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Den Haag: Mouton.
Gu, W. Lee, T. and Ching P. C. 2008. Prosodic Variation in Cantonese-English Code-Mixed Speech. Conference paper on International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing, (ISCSLP). 6th
Hsiao, Yuchau E. 1991. Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship. University of California, San Diego. PhD. Dissertation.
Hsiao, Yuchau E. and Lin, Hui-shan. 1999. An optimality-theoretic approach to Taiwanese tone sandhi. Paper for the 32th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
Hsiao, Yuchau E. 2007. The metrical structure of Taiwanese nursery rhymes: a corpus study.” Stylistics: Prospect & Retrospect. David L. Hoover and Sharon Lattig, eds. 85-106. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Inkelas, Sharon 1989. Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.
Lee, K. 1997. Chinese Tone Sandhi and Prosody. M.A. Thesis, Linguistics Dept., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: a Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lin, Hui-shan. 2000. An Optimality Theoretic approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing. MA Thesis, National Chengchi University.
Lin, Hui-shan. 2001. Interlanguage Tone Sandhi: A Constraint Based Approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin-Min Code-Mixing. Concentric: Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 27.2 (June 2001): 133-61
Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2007. The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kaisse, E. 1985. The Syntax of External Sandhi. Connected speech: The interaction of Syntax and Phonology: 155-193. London: Academic Press.
Kenstowicz, M. (1994). Phonology in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, Mass. & Oxford: Blackwell.
Nespor, M. and I. Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
Prince, A., and P. Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Manuscript. Rutgers University.
Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation Between Sound and Structure. Cambridge: MIT press.
Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1986. On Derived Domain in Sentence Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3: 371-405.
Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1995. The prosodic structure of function words. In University of Massachusetts occasional papers 18: Papers in Optimality Theory, 439–469. GLSA, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Shih, Chilin. 1986. The Prosodic Domain of Tone Sandhi in Chinese. University of California, San Diego. PhD. Dissertation.
Wang, Chiung-Yao and Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2011. Variation in Tone 3 Sandhi: The case of prepositions and pronouns. Proceedings of the 23rd North American Conference on Chinese Lingusitics (NACCL-23), Volume 1: 138-155, edited by Zhuo Jing-Schmidt, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Zhang, Ning. 1997. The Avoidence of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6: 293-338.
中文文獻
蕭宇超、林蕙珊，(2000)，國、台語夾雜時的三聲變調，《聲韻論叢，第九輯》，頁769~780，學生書局
蕭宇超，(2001)，優選理論對現代漢語音韻研究的影響，《聲韻論叢，第十輯》，頁477~495，學生書局
林蕙珊，(2001)，從「優選理論」來談國語的三聲變調，《聲韻論叢，第十輯》，頁497~524，學生書局
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
102555007
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555007
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭宇超zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsiao, Yuchau E.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳旻欣zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chen, Min Hsinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 陳旻欣zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Chen, Min Hsinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 11-Jul-2016 16:41:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 11-Jul-2016 16:41:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 11-Jul-2016 16:41:09 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0102555007en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/98812-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102555007zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文主要在探討三聲變調在中、英文語碼轉換（Mandarin-English code-mixing）時的連續變調現象。首先，從韻律音韻學的觀點，句法結構與音韻規則間存在一中介面，即韻律結構。本研究先採用Selkirk（1986）的邊界理論，檢驗句法單位邊界與韻律單位邊界一致。並用Hsiao（1991）的音板計數理論和音步分析原則來分析中、英語碼轉換的的韻律，得出三聲變調在中、英語碼轉換的變調範域為巨音步（JF），以及解釋在語意歧異結構時三聲變調的運作情形和把字句變調與不變調兩種念法。接著從優選理論觀點進行分析，三聲變調應用的制約可分為聲調制約和韻律制約，聲調制約的排序為Ident-R >> OCP-L >> IO-Ident；韻律制約的排序為：ParseSyll >> *MonoF, Align(Ft, IC)R >> FtBin。總體而言，三聲變調在中、英文語碼轉換的運作情形為當中文三聲後方接著英文帶低調特徵的音節，兩者出現在同一個變調範域，也就是被劃分在同一個巨音步時，後方的低調音節可以觸發前方三聲產生變調。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis aims at examining Mandarin tone sandhi in Mandarin-English code-mixing. In Mandarin, when two L tones are adjacent, the first L is changed to LH. Hsiao and Lin (1999) have shown that a Southern Min L can trigger Mandarin tone sandhi in a code-mixed environment. Cheng (1968) also observes that the English weakest stress can trigger a preceding Mandarin L to change.
This study builds a database that contains 400 tokens of Mandarin-English code-mixing data by inserting Englsih words in Mandarin sentences and Mandarin L words must occur before English words, whose first syllable must be unstressed. We discussed how tone sandhi domain is related to prosody and syntax in two perspectives: Prosody phonily and OT theory. Three research questions are investigated. 1) What is the tone sandhi domain of Mandarin-English code-mixing? 2) How is tone sandhi domain related to prosody and syntax? 3) What tonal and prosodic constraints are used in Mandarin-English code-mixing? What are their rankings?
We concluded that first of all, the tone sandhi domain of Mandarin-English code-mixing is JF, which contains at least one Mandarin syllable and the following English syllables. Secondly, the foot parsing process is related to the directions of syntax. Third, tonal constraints are: Ident-R >> OCP-L >> IO-Ident ; and prosodic constraints are: ParseSyll >> *MonoF, Align(Ft, IC)R >> FtBin.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章、 緒論 1-3
第二章、 文獻回顧 4
2.1 直接指涉論 4-5
2.2 間接指涉論 5
2.2.1 間接指涉論基本觀念 5-6
2.2.2 韻律音韻學 6-7
2.2.3 邊界理論 7-8
2.3 優選理論 9-10
2.4 中文三聲變調的聲調範域 10
2.4.1 M. Chen (1984) 10-11
2.4.2 Shih (1986) 11-12
2.4.3 Hsiao (1991) 12-14
2.4.4 林 (2001) 15-17
2.5 語碼轉換語境中的連續變調 17-19
第三章、 語料庫與韻律分析 20
3.1 語料描述 20-25
3.2 韻律分析 26
3.2.1 中文三聲詞後接英文單音節詞 26
3.2.2 中文三聲字後接英文雙音節詞 27-31
3.2.3 中文三聲字後接英文三音節詞 31-34
3.2.4 中文三聲字後接英文多音節詞 34-38
3.3 中文三聲字後接英文詞產生之歧異 38-42
3.4 中、英轉碼的把字句之音步劃分 42-44
3.5 小結 44-45
第四章、 優選理論分析 46
4.1 聲調制約 46-48
4.2 韻律制約 49-69
第五章、 結論與後續問題 70
5.1 論文總結 70-71
5.2 後續問題 71
參考文獻 72-74		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 1381871 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0102555007en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優選理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 音韻學zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 三聲變調zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中英轉碼zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tone sandhien_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) OT theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Phonologyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) code-mixingen_US
dc.title (題名) 中、英轉碼的三聲變調zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Tone Sandhi in Mandarin-English Code-Mixingen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 英文文獻
Chao, Yuen Ren. 1968. Agrammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkely: University of California Press.
Chen, Matthew Y. 1987. The syntax of Xiamen tone sandhi. Phonology Yearbook 4: 109-115.
Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. Tone sandhi: Patterns across Chinese dialects. Oxford University Press.
Cheng, Chin-chuang. 1968. English stresses and Chinese tones in Chinese sentences. Phonetica 18:77-88.
Cheng, Chin-chuang. 1973. A Synchronic Phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Den Haag: Mouton.
Gu, W. Lee, T. and Ching P. C. 2008. Prosodic Variation in Cantonese-English Code-Mixed Speech. Conference paper on International Symposium on Chinese Spoken Language Processing, (ISCSLP). 6th
Hsiao, Yuchau E. 1991. Syntax, Rhythm and Tone: A Triangular Relationship. University of California, San Diego. PhD. Dissertation.
Hsiao, Yuchau E. and Lin, Hui-shan. 1999. An optimality-theoretic approach to Taiwanese tone sandhi. Paper for the 32th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign.
Hsiao, Yuchau E. 2007. The metrical structure of Taiwanese nursery rhymes: a corpus study.” Stylistics: Prospect & Retrospect. David L. Hoover and Sharon Lattig, eds. 85-106. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Inkelas, Sharon 1989. Prosodic Constituency in the Lexicon. Doctoral dissertation, Stanford University.
Lee, K. 1997. Chinese Tone Sandhi and Prosody. M.A. Thesis, Linguistics Dept., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1981. Mandarin Chinese: a Functional Reference Grammar. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Lin, Hui-shan. 2000. An Optimality Theoretic approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin, in Taiwanese, and in Mandarin-Taiwanese Code-Mixing. MA Thesis, National Chengchi University.
Lin, Hui-shan. 2001. Interlanguage Tone Sandhi: A Constraint Based Approach to tone sandhi in Mandarin-Min Code-Mixing. Concentric: Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 27.2 (June 2001): 133-61
Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2007. The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kaisse, E. 1985. The Syntax of External Sandhi. Connected speech: The interaction of Syntax and Phonology: 155-193. London: Academic Press.
Kenstowicz, M. (1994). Phonology in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, Mass. & Oxford: Blackwell.
Nespor, M. and I. Vogel. 1986. Prosodic Phonology. Dordrecht: Foris Publications.
Prince, A., and P. Smolensky. 1993. Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. Manuscript. Rutgers University.
Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1984. Phonology and Syntax: The Relation Between Sound and Structure. Cambridge: MIT press.
Selkirk, Elizabeth. 1986. On Derived Domain in Sentence Phonology. Phonology Yearbook 3: 371-405.
Selkirk, Elisabeth. 1995. The prosodic structure of function words. In University of Massachusetts occasional papers 18: Papers in Optimality Theory, 439–469. GLSA, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Shih, Chilin. 1986. The Prosodic Domain of Tone Sandhi in Chinese. University of California, San Diego. PhD. Dissertation.
Wang, Chiung-Yao and Lin, Yen-Hwei. 2011. Variation in Tone 3 Sandhi: The case of prepositions and pronouns. Proceedings of the 23rd North American Conference on Chinese Lingusitics (NACCL-23), Volume 1: 138-155, edited by Zhuo Jing-Schmidt, University of Oregon, Eugene.
Zhang, Ning. 1997. The Avoidence of the Third Tone Sandhi in Mandarin Chinese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6: 293-338.
中文文獻
蕭宇超、林蕙珊，(2000)，國、台語夾雜時的三聲變調，《聲韻論叢，第九輯》，頁769~780，學生書局
蕭宇超，(2001)，優選理論對現代漢語音韻研究的影響，《聲韻論叢，第十輯》，頁477~495，學生書局
林蕙珊，(2001)，從「優選理論」來談國語的三聲變調，《聲韻論叢，第十輯》，頁497~524，學生書局		zh_TW