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題名 台灣華語正常及構音異常幼童之習得現象:滑音產製研究
Phonological Development and Disorder in Taiwan Mandarin:The Status of Glides
作者 許馨云
Hsu, Hsin Yun
貢獻者 萬依萍
Wan, I Ping
許馨云
Hsu, Hsin Yun
關鍵詞 滑音習得
標記理論
位置層級理論
台灣華語
glide development
markedness theory
positional prominence hierarchy
Taiwan Mandarin
日期 2016
上傳時間 2-Aug-2016 15:43:49 (UTC+8)
摘要 本篇論文檢視台灣華語為母語之正常幼童以及構音異常幼童之滑音[j],[w], [ɥ]發展與產製表現，採長期觀察之方式，詳細描述正常幼兒滑音產製之出現及穩定年齡、頻率、正確率和發展順序，並且比較此三滑音於各音節位置之產製表現，進而比較兩組幼童之台灣華語滑音產製及音韻歷程之使用行為。本研究以標記理論及位置層級理論來檢驗幼兒滑音之發展與表現。
本研究總共觀察了四位幼童，將其分為兩組，第一組為兩位正常幼童，年齡在九個月至二十八個月和十個月至二十九個月，為期十九個月的觀察，另一組為兩位構音異常幼童，年齡在三歲十個月至四歲三個月和四歲三個月至四歲九個月，為期六個月的觀察。每兩週收錄一次長達一小時之語料，並利用錄製之高規格影音檔做譯寫及分析。
研究結果顯示，正常幼兒之滑音出現順序和穩定順序皆符合標記理論之預測，無標音早於有標音，其滑音產製之穩定度與音節位置相關，音節首位之滑音表現較音節中與音節末之滑音表現來的穩定，這與位置層級理論之推測相符合。構音異常幼童組中發現了有別於正常幼童之特殊取代模式，由較晚習得語音取代較早習得語音，其所產製的語音中會違反華語的音法限制。音韻歷程之表現在兩組幼童中皆偵測到刪除、換位、取代三種模式，其中皆以刪除為主要策略。
The purpose of the present study is to report the developmental process of three Mandarin glides [w, j, ɥ] in terms of three word positions by examining the age of emergence and stabilization, the order of stabilization, and accuracy rate of thechildren’s production, and further compare the normative data with phonological disorder data in order to explore the possible phonological processes. This study alsoaccounts for the developmental process of glides on the basis of markedness theory and positional prominence hierarchy.
A longitudinal study was carried out for the investigation of two normally-developing children, aged between 0;9-2;4 and 0;10-2;4, and two phonologically-disordered children, one of whom is between 4;3 and 4;9, and the other between 3;10 and 4;3. The data were collected at two-week intervals.
The results showed that the order of glide emergence and stabilization of the normally-developing group is in accordance with the markedness theory. The unmarked [j], [w] precede marked [ɥ]. Moreover, the stabilization order of the three glides in terms of the three syllable positions was found to reflect the interaction between markedness constraint and positional prominence hierarchy. The unmarked glide in the initial position is the first to stabilize and the marked glide in the non-initial position is the last to stabilize. On the other hand, the children in the phonologically-disordered group were found to consistently replace the presumably earlier-developing glide with a presumably later-developing one, which differs from the process used in the normally-developing group. Furthermore, this group of children produced the combination that violates the phonotactic constraints of Taiwan Mandarin. In addition, there are three phonological processes, including deletion, metathesis, and substitution detected in children’s data. The most commonly used process is deletion in both groups of children.
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Chao, Y.-R. (1968). A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.119
Cheng, C.-C. (1973). A synchronic phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Mouton: The Hague.
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Demuth, K., Culbertson, J., & Alter, J. (2006). Word-minimality, epenthesis and coda licensing in the early acquisition of English. Language and Speech, 49(2), 137-173.
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Gick, B. (2003). Articulatory correlates of ambisyllabicity in English glides and liquids. Phonetic Interpretation: Papers in Laboratory Phonology VI, 222-236.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
102555011
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1025550112
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 萬依萍zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Wan, I Pingen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 許馨云zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Hsin Yunen_US
dc.creator (作者) 許馨云zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Hsin Yunen_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 2-Aug-2016 15:43:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 2-Aug-2016 15:43:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 2-Aug-2016 15:43:49 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1025550112en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99514-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 102555011zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本篇論文檢視台灣華語為母語之正常幼童以及構音異常幼童之滑音[j],[w], [ɥ]發展與產製表現，採長期觀察之方式，詳細描述正常幼兒滑音產製之出現及穩定年齡、頻率、正確率和發展順序，並且比較此三滑音於各音節位置之產製表現，進而比較兩組幼童之台灣華語滑音產製及音韻歷程之使用行為。本研究以標記理論及位置層級理論來檢驗幼兒滑音之發展與表現。
本研究總共觀察了四位幼童，將其分為兩組，第一組為兩位正常幼童，年齡在九個月至二十八個月和十個月至二十九個月，為期十九個月的觀察，另一組為兩位構音異常幼童，年齡在三歲十個月至四歲三個月和四歲三個月至四歲九個月，為期六個月的觀察。每兩週收錄一次長達一小時之語料，並利用錄製之高規格影音檔做譯寫及分析。
研究結果顯示，正常幼兒之滑音出現順序和穩定順序皆符合標記理論之預測，無標音早於有標音，其滑音產製之穩定度與音節位置相關，音節首位之滑音表現較音節中與音節末之滑音表現來的穩定，這與位置層級理論之推測相符合。構音異常幼童組中發現了有別於正常幼童之特殊取代模式，由較晚習得語音取代較早習得語音，其所產製的語音中會違反華語的音法限制。音韻歷程之表現在兩組幼童中皆偵測到刪除、換位、取代三種模式，其中皆以刪除為主要策略。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) The purpose of the present study is to report the developmental process of three Mandarin glides [w, j, ɥ] in terms of three word positions by examining the age of emergence and stabilization, the order of stabilization, and accuracy rate of thechildren’s production, and further compare the normative data with phonological disorder data in order to explore the possible phonological processes. This study alsoaccounts for the developmental process of glides on the basis of markedness theory and positional prominence hierarchy.
A longitudinal study was carried out for the investigation of two normally-developing children, aged between 0;9-2;4 and 0;10-2;4, and two phonologically-disordered children, one of whom is between 4;3 and 4;9, and the other between 3;10 and 4;3. The data were collected at two-week intervals.
The results showed that the order of glide emergence and stabilization of the normally-developing group is in accordance with the markedness theory. The unmarked [j], [w] precede marked [ɥ]. Moreover, the stabilization order of the three glides in terms of the three syllable positions was found to reflect the interaction between markedness constraint and positional prominence hierarchy. The unmarked glide in the initial position is the first to stabilize and the marked glide in the non-initial position is the last to stabilize. On the other hand, the children in the phonologically-disordered group were found to consistently replace the presumably earlier-developing glide with a presumably later-developing one, which differs from the process used in the normally-developing group. Furthermore, this group of children produced the combination that violates the phonotactic constraints of Taiwan Mandarin. In addition, there are three phonological processes, including deletion, metathesis, and substitution detected in children’s data. The most commonly used process is deletion in both groups of children.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Segmental acquisition of glides 2
1.2 The phonetic and phonemic approaches 5
1.3 Phonologically-disordered children 7
1.4 Research questions 9
1.5 The framework of this study 11
Chapter 2 Literature review 13
2.1 Phonological development of glides 13
2.1.1 Glides acquisition of normally and phonologically-disordered children 14
2.1.2 Glide development in Mandarin children 24
2.2 An introduction to Mandarin 29
2.2.1 Mandarin consonants and vowels 29
2.2.2 Phonological accounts on Mandarin glides 33
2.2.3 Phonotactic of glide sequences 36
2.3 Phonological acquisition theories 41
2.3.1 Markedness theory 41
2.3.2 Positional effect and positional prominence hierarchy 44
Chapter 3 Methodology 48
3.1 Data collection 49
3.1.1 Participants 50
3.1.2 Data collecting procedures 52
3.1.3 Recording apparatus 53
3.2 Data analysis 54
3.2.1 Transcription & Coding 55
3.2.2 Criteria for data selection 57
3.2.3 Glide emergence and stabilization assessment 58
Chapter 4 Findings and analysis 61
4.1 Emergence of glides in normally-developing group 61
4.2 Stabilization of glides in normally-developing group 64
4.2.1 Data and PCC/PCE 64
4.2.2 Order of stabilization of glides 85
4.3 Glide performance of the phonologically-disordered group 92
4.4 Phonological processes and patterns 95
4.4.1 Tokens of Phonological Processes 95
4.4.2 Percentages of phonological processes 100
Chapter 5 Discussion 103
5.1 Summary of the study 103
5.2 Interaction of markedness and positional prominence hierarchy 104
5.2.1 Markedness and positional prominence hierarchy in glide emergence 104
5.2.2 Markedness and positional prominence hierarchy in glide stabilization 106
5.3 Comparison of glide performance in the two groups 109
5.3.1 Glide performance in the two groups 110
5.3.2 phonological processes in the two groups 113
5.4 Concluding remarks 114
References 118		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2814116 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1025550112en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 滑音習得zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 標記理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 位置層級理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 台灣華語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) glide developmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) markedness theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) positional prominence hierarchyen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Taiwan Mandarinen_US
dc.title (題名) 台灣華語正常及構音異常幼童之習得現象:滑音產製研究zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Phonological Development and Disorder in Taiwan Mandarin:The Status of Glidesen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bao, Z. (1990). Fanqie languages and reduplication. Linguistic Inquiry, 317-350.
Bao, Z. (1996). The syllable in Chinese. Journal of Chinese Linguistics, 24(2), 312-353.
Bao, Z. (2002). The asymmetry of the medial glides in Middle Chinese. Chinese Phonology, 11, 7-27.
Bortolini, U., & Leonard, L. (1991). The speech of phonologically-disordered children acquiring Italian. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 5, 1-12.
Bradford, B., & Dodd, B. (1994). The motor planning abilities of phonologically-disordered children. European Journal of Disorders of Communication, 29, 349–369.
Chao, Y.-R. (1951). The Cantian idiolect: an analysis of the Chinese spoken by a twenty-eight-month-old child. In C. A. Ferguson & D. I. Slobin (eds), Studies of child language development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, INC.
Chao, Y.-R. (1968). A grammar of spoken Chinese. Berkeley: University of California Press.119
Cheng, C.-C. (1973). A synchronic phonology of Mandarin Chinese. Mouton: The Hague.
Crothers, J. (1978). Typology and universals of vowel systems in phonology. Universals of human language, 2, 95-152.
Demuth, K., & Fee, J. (1995). Minimal prosodic words in early phonological development. Ms., Brown University and Dalhousie University.
Demuth, K., Culbertson, J., & Alter, J. (2006). Word-minimality, epenthesis and coda licensing in the early acquisition of English. Language and Speech, 49(2), 137-173.
Duanmu. S. 1990. A Formal Study of Syllable, Tone, Stress, and Domain in Chinese Languages. Cambridge: MIT dissertation.
Duanmu, S. (2002). The phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dodd, B., Holm, A., Zhu, H., & Crosbie, S. (2003). Phonological development: A normative study of British English-speaking children. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 17, 617–643.
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