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題名 極右派政黨與荷蘭的移民政策
The Far-right Parties and the Migration Policy in the Netherlands
作者 陳柏良
貢獻者 姜家雄
陳柏良
關鍵詞 極右政黨
荷蘭政治
自由黨
懷爾德斯
荷蘭移民政策
Far-right parties
Dutch politics
Party for Freedom
Geert Wilders
Dutch migration policy
日期 2016
上傳時間 3-Aug-2016 11:32:17 (UTC+8)
摘要 近年來許多歐洲國家的極右派政黨打著反移民與反歐洲整合之主張，受到國內民眾的支持度越來越高。然而也有些國家如荷蘭的極右派政黨之表現卻正好相反，其支持率於2010年達到高峰後便逐年下降。本論文旨在探討荷蘭極右派政黨發展之歷史、荷蘭移民政策在「自由黨」於2006年創黨前後是否發生轉變，及其在創黨後至2014年年底為止中三次國會大選中所取得之成果，且勝選後又如何依其政見主導荷蘭移民政策之產出。

除了參考許多相關學術文獻，本論文亦以歷史研究途徑與文獻分析法對荷蘭近三次國會選舉結果與移民政策法規進行研究。研究結果顯示，荷蘭移民融合政策在自由黨成立前後之方向並無太大差異，其主要轉變在1980年代以後便開始逐漸醞釀，由起初對多元主義之嘗試走向90年代強調社會參與的整合主義，並在2000年後開始實施強調荷蘭單一國族認同與主流價值觀的同化主義至今。然而在自由黨於2010年成為國會第三大黨後，其藉由支持少數聯合內閣之方式，將其反移民之理念體現在2010年的政黨協議中，使移民接納政策在依親移民、申請獨立居留與享有社會福利的等待期、對非法居留外國人之待遇，以及境外移民整合考試等規定均漸趨嚴格。
With their political ideologies strongly against immigrants and further integration of European Union, many far-right parties across Europe have been gaining more supports than ever in recent years, while the electoral outcomes for some far-right parties appear to be totally opposite. For instance, Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) in the Netherlands only reached its peak of political success in 2010, after which less and less supports from the public have been shown. To know better of such an unusual circumstance, not only the development of the far-right parties in the Netherlands will be discussed, this thesis also aims to probe into the difference of Dutch migration policy before and after PVV was founded, its election results in three times of general election until the end of 2014, and how it once successfully influenced the making of Dutch migration policy.

In addition to taking many related literatures into account, in this thesis the results of the recent three times of general election, migration policy, migration law and regulations in the Netherlands are also being analyzed with historical approach and document analysis. The finding shows that there has been no major changes to Dutch integration policy before and after PVV was founded, for they already started to change gradually from multiculturalism in 1980s to integrationism in 1990s, and ended in assimilationism in 2000s as of today. Futhermore, after PVV became the third biggest party in 2010, it also obtained the power to influence the making of Dutch migration policy by supporting the formation of minor coalition government of VVD and CDA, followed by writing its ideologies against immigrants and the EU in the coalition agreement. With such a power, PVV successfully tightened the law and regulations for immigrants, such as imposing stricter qualification for family reunion, harder cultural integration exam to pass, and longer period to enjoy social welfare and political rights.
參考文獻 中文文獻
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王玉民。《社會科學研究方法原理》。台北：紅葉文化，1994年。

呂秋文。《如何撰寫學術論文：以「政治學方法論」為考察中心》。台北：台灣商務，2007年。

李憲榮。〈加拿大族群政治和政策〉，收錄《族群政治與政策》，施振峰主編，頁223-239。台北：前衛，1997年。

二一、期刊論文

伍慧萍、鄭朗。〈歐洲各國移民融入政策之比較〉，《上海商學院學報》，第12卷第1期。2011年1月，頁38-43。

黃宗昊，〈歷史制度論的方法立場與理論建構〉，《問題與研究》，第49卷第3期。2010年9月，頁148-176。

黃惠玲，〈歐盟統合過程中移民政策之形成及演變〉，《公共治理》，第1卷第4期。2013年12月，頁157-167。

陳麗娟，〈歐洲聯盟移民法制之探討〉，《華岡法粹》，第56期。2014年6月，頁1-36。

葉乃靜，〈多元文化主義與資訊服務〉，《圖書與資訊學刊》，第51期。2004年 11月，頁68-76。

三二、碩博士論文

林伊凡。〈後里斯本條約時代之歐盟移民與庇護政策的變革與實施〉。南華大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2014年6月。

陳慶昌。〈國內政治與歐洲整合理論〉。國立政治大學外交學系，碩士論文，2003年9月。

鍾佳純。〈歐盟統合下葡萄牙移民政策之研究〉。南華大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2013年6月。

西文文獻
一、專書

Andeweg, Rudy B., and Galen A. Irwin. Governance and Politics of the Netherlands. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Art, David. Inside the Radical Right: The Development of Anti-Immigrant Parties in Western Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Saskia Bonjour and Peter Scholten. “The Netherlands.” In Anna Triandafyllidou and Ruby Gropas eds., European Immigration: A Source Book, 261-272. Surrey: Ashgate, 2014.

Bornschier, Simon. Cleavage Politics and the Populist Right: the New Cultural Conflict in Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2010.

Cini, Michell, and Nives Pérez-Solórzano Borragán. European Union Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Corbett, Richard, Francis Jacobs and Michael Shackleton. The European Parliament. London: John Harper, 2011.

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Entzinger, Han. “Changing the Rules While the Game Is on: from Multiculturalism to Assimilation in the Netherlands.” In Y. Bodemann and G. Yurdakul eds., Migration, Citizenship and Ethnos, 121-144. Basinstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

Entzinger, Han. “The Dynamics of Integration Policies: A Multidimensional Model.“ In Ruud Koopmans and Paul Statham eds., Challenging Immigration and Ethnic Relations Politics: Comparative European Perspectives, 97-118. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Fennema, Meindert. Geert Wilders: De Tovenaarsleerling. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2010.

Geurtsen, Karen, and Boudewijn Geels, Undercover bij de PVV: Achter de Schermen bij de Politieke Partij van Geert Wilders. Amsterdam: HP/De Tijd and Sirene, 2010.

Ignazi, Piero. Extreme Right Party in Western Europe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Mammone, Andrea, Emmanuel Godin and Brian Jenkins. Mapping the Extreme Right in Contemporary Europe: From Local to Transnational. New York: Routledge, 2012.

Mudde, Cas. The Ideology of Extreme Right. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.

Mudde, Cas, and Joop van Holsteyn. “The Netherlands: Explaining the Limited Success of the Extreme Right.” In Paul Hainsworth ed., the Politics of the Extreme Right: From the Margins to the Mainstream, 144-171. London: Printer, 2000.

Scholten, Peter. “The Multilevel Governance of Migrant Integration: A Multilevel Governance Perspective on Dutch Migrant Integration Policies.” In Umut Korkut, Gregg Bucken-Knapp, Aidan McGarry, Jonas Hinnfors and Helen Drake eds., The Discourse and Politics of Migration in Europe, 151-169. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

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Van Donselaar, Jaap “Patterns of Response to the Extreme Right in Western Europe.” In Peter H. Merkel and Leonard Weinberg eds., Right-Wing Extremism in the Twenty-First Century, 263-281. London: Frank Cass, 2003.

Vink, Maarten. Limits of European Citizenship: European Integration and Domestic Immigration Policies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Wilders, Geert. Marked For Death: Islam’s War against the West and Me. Washington: Regnery, 2012.

二、期刊論文

Bleich , Erik, and Francesca Lambert. “Why Are Racist Associations Free in Some States and Banned in Others? Evidence from 10 Liberal Democracies.” West European Politics, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2013), pp.122-149.

Bos, Linda, and Kees Brants. “Polulist Rhetoric in Politics and Media: A Longitudinal Study of the Netherlands.” European Journal of Communication, Vol. 29, No. 6 (2014), pp. 703-719.

Carol, Sarah. Evelyn Ersanilli and Mareike Wagner, “Spouse Choice among the Children of Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants in Six European Countries: Transnational Spouse or Co-ethnic Migrant?” International Migration Review, Vol. 48, No. 2 (2014), pp. 387-414.

De Koster, Willem, Peter Achterberg, Jeroen Van der Waal, Samira Van Boheman and Roy Kemmers. “Progressiveness and the New Right: The Electoral Relevance of Culturally Progressive Values in the Netherlands.” West European Politics, Vol. 37, No. 3 (2014), pp. 584-604.

De Lange, Sarah L., and David Art. “Fortuyn versus Wilders: An Agency-Based Approach to Radical Right Party Building.” West European Politics, Vol. 34, No. 6 (2011), pp. 1229-1249.

De Witte, Hans, and Bert Klandermans. “Political Racism in Flanders and The Netherlands: Explaining Differences in the Electoral Success of Extreme Right-Wing Parties.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 26, No. 4 (2000), pp. 699-717.

Entzinger, Han. “The Growing Gap between Facts and Discourse on Immigrant Integration in the Netherlands.” Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, Vol. 21, No. 6 (2014), pp. 693-707.

Entzinger, Han, and Peter Scholten. “The Interplay of Knowledge Production and Policymaking.” Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, Vol. 17, No. 1 (2013), pp. 60-74.

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Lucardie, Paul, and Garrit Voerman. “Liberal Patriot or National Populist? Het gedachtegoed van Pim Fortuyn.” Socialisme en Democratie, Vol. 59, No. 4 (2002), pp. 32-42.

Mair, Peter, and Cas Mudde, “The Party Family and its Study.” Annual Review of Political Science, Vol. 1 (1998), p. 211-29.

Minnaert, Toine. “Footprint or Fingerprint: International Cultural Policy as Identity Policy.” International Journal of Cultural Policy, Vol. 20, No. 1 (2014), pp. 99-113.

Mudde, Cas. “Right-Wing Extremism Analyzed: A Comparative Analysis of the Ideologies of Three Alleged Right-Wing Extremist Parties (NPD, NDP, CP’86) . “European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 27, No. 2 (1995), pp. 203-224.

Mudde, Cas. “The Single-Issue Party Thesis: Extreme Right Parties and the Immigration Issue.” West European Politics, Vol. 22, No. 3 (1999), pp. 182-197.

Mudde, Cas. “Three Decades of Populist Radical Right Parties in Western Europe: So What?” European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 52 (2013), pp.1-19.

Mutsaers, Paul and Hans Siebers. “Low Intensity Ethnic Cleansing in the Netherlands.” Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies (2012), pp. 1-25.

Rooyackers, Ilse N. and Maykel Verkuyten. “Mobilizing Support for the Extreme Right: A Discursive Analysis of Minority leadership.” The British Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 51 (2012), pp. 130-148.

Schain, Martin A. “The Extreme-Right and Immigration Policy-Making: Measuring Direct and Indirect Effects.” West European Politics, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2006), pp. 270-289.

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Tom, Aileen. “How Stricter Dutch Immigration Policies Are Contributing to Rising Islamic Fundamentalism in the Netherlands and Europe,” Washington University Global Studies Law Review, Vol. 5, No. 45 (2006), pp. 451-468.

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Van der Pas, Daphne, Catherine De Vries and Wouter van der Brug. “A Leader Without a Party: Exploring the Relationship between Geert Wilders’ Leadership Performance in the Media and His Electoral Success.” Party Politics, Vol. 19, No. 3 (2011), pp. 458-476.

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Van Heerden, Sjoerdje, Sarah L. de Lange, Wouter van der Brug and Meindert Fennema. “The Immigration and Integration Debate in the Netherlands: Discursive and Programmatic Reactions to the Rise of Anti-Immigration Parties.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1 (2014), pp. 119-136.

Van Holsteyn, Joop J. M., “The Dutch Parliamentary Elections of 2010.” West European Politics, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2011), pp. 412-419.

Van Holsteyn, Joop J. M., A. I. Galen and J. M. Den Ridder. “In the Eye of the Beholder: The Perception of the List Pim Fortuyn and the Parliamentary Elections of May 2002.” Acta Politika, Vol. 38 (2003), pp. 69-87.

Van Leeuwen, Maarten. “Clear vs. Woolly Language Use in Political Speeches: The Case of the Controversial Dutch Politician Geert Wilders. ” Annual Conference of the Poetics and Linguistics Association (2009), pp. 1-13.

Van Liere, Lucien. “Teasing Islam: Islam as the Other Side of Tolerance in Contemporary Dutch Politics.” Journal of Contemporary Religion, Vol. 29, No. 2 (2014), pp. 187-202.

Van Spanje, Joost. “Contagious Parties: Anti-Immigration Parties and Their Impact on Other Parties’ Immigration Stances in Contemporary Western Europe.” Party Politics, Vol. 16, No. 5 (2010), pp. 563-586.

Van Spanje, Joost, and Claes de Vreese. “The Good, the Bad and the Voter: The Impact of Hate Speech Prosecution of a Politician on Electoral Support for his Party.” Party Politics, Vol. 21, No. 1 (2015), pp. 115-130.

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Vossen, Koen. “The Ideological Development of Geert Wilders and His Party for Freedom.” Political Studies, Vol. 31, No. 3 (2011) pp. 179-189.

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Zorlu, Aslan. “Immigration Participation in Welfare Benefits in the Netherlands.” The Institute for the Study of Labor in Bonn (IZA), Discussion paper, No. 6128 (2011), pp. 1-19.

三、碩博士論文

Crewson, Justin. “Geert Wilders and the Dutch Party for Freedom: A Turn towards the Centre?” Master’s Thesis, the Department of Political Science at the University of Windsor, 2014.

Davis, Amber. “The Impact of Anti-Immigration Parties on Mainstream Parties’ Immigration Positions in the Netherlands, Flanders and the UK 1987-2010: Divided Electorates, Left-Right Politics and the Pull towards Restrictionism,” PHD Dissertation, Department of Political and Social Science, European University Institute, 2012.

Van Velzen, Anna. “The Construction and Counter Construction of the Muslim Discourse: The Effect of Perceived Stigmatization on Citizenship Performances of Young Muslims Active in Civil Society,” Master’s Thesis, Graduate School of Conflict Studies and Human Rights, Utrecht University, 2012.

四、政府與政黨官方文件

“Annual Policy Report 2010: Developments in Dutch Migration and Asylum Policy.” European Commission (May 2011).

“Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari.” Centraal Bureau voor de Statisiek, (16 May 2014).

“Bruggen Slaan, Regeerakkoord VVD-PvdA.” Rijksoverheid, (29 Oct. 2012).

“Coalition Agreement: VVD-PVV-CDA.” Government of the Netherlands (30 Sept. 2010), p. 27.

“Coalition Agreement between VVD and PvdA: IX. Immigration, Integration and Asylum.” Government of the Netherlands (29 Oct. 2012).

“Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.” Official Journal of the European Union, Vol. 53 (30 Mar. 2010), pp. 1-389.

“The Constitution of the Kingdom of Netherlands.” (Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Constitutional Affairs and Legislation Division in collaboration with the Translation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008).

“De Agenda van Hoop en Optimisme- Een Tijd om te Kiezen: PVV 2010-2015,” Partij Voor de Vrijheid, 2010.

”Digits and Countries of Origin.” Dutch Council for Refugee (16 Nov. 2015).

“EU Immigration Portal- Explaining the Rules.” European Commission (09 Nov. 2015).

“The Illegal Residence of Foreign Nationals Is Now a Criminal Offence.” Government of the Netherlands (21 Dec. 2012).

“Modern Migration Policy Act Coming into Force on 1 June 2013.” Government of the Netherlands, (08 Mar. 2013).

“Modern Migration Policy Has Changed.” Immigration and Naturalization Services, Ministry of Security of Justice of the Netherlands, (06 Mar. 2015).

“Motie van de Ieden Wilders en de Graaf over de-Islamiseran van Nederland.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (01 Jan. 2015).

“Motie Wilders over het Nemen van Immigratiebeperkende Maatregelen.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (20 May 2010).

“The Netherlands, Results by Country, Results of the 2014 European Elections.” European Parliament (22 Sept. 2014).

“Parliament’s Rights and Duties.” Government of the Netherlands, (08 Feb. 2016)

“People with a foreign background.” Statistics Netherlands. (28 May 2015)

Piet Hein Donner, “Integration Policy Based on Dutch Values.” Government of the Netherlands (17 June 2011).

“Policy Results 2013.” Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands (17 Nov. 2014).

“Powers and Procedures.” European Parliament (01 Feb. 2015).

“Regeerakkord.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (03 Aug. 1998).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-France.” European Parliament (26 May 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-UK.” European Parliament (25 May 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-Netherlands.” European Parliament (02 June 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Elections.” European Parliament (01 July 2014).

“Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap.” Rijksoverheid (09 Dec. 1984).

“Wet inburgering in het buitenland.” Rijksoverheid, (30 Nov. 2006).

Wilders, Geert. “Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring.” Groep Wilders (13 Mar. 2005).

Wilders, Geert. “Plan voor een nieuwe Gouden Eeuw.” Partij voor de Vrijheid (26 Apr. 2006).


五、智庫研究

Barlett, Jamie, Jonathan Birdwell and Sarah de Lange. “Populism in Europe: Netherlands.” Demos (2012), pp. 1-71.

Chaloner, Justin, Andrew Evans and Mark Pragnell, “NExit: assessing the economic impact of the Netherlands leaving the European Union.” Capital Economics (06 Feb 2014), pp. 1-154.

Collett, Elizabeth. “Future EU Policy Development on Immigration and Asylum: Understanding the Challenge.” Migration Policy Institute Europe, No. 4 (May 2014), pp. 1-11.

Ersanilli, Evelyn. “Country profile: the Netherlands.” Focus Migration, No. 11 (2014), pp. 1-13.

Fischler, Fenya. “Integration Policy: Netherlands Country Report.” Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of European University Institute (2014), pp. 1-13.

Hartleb, Florian. “After Their Establishment: Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe.” Centre for European Studies (2011), pp. 1-86.

Kremer, Monique. “The Netherlands: from National Identity to Plural Identifications.” Transatlantic Council on Migration (Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute, 2013), pp. 1-20.

Siegel Melissa, “Immigration and Social Protection in the Netherlands.” United Nations University (08 Aug. 2011), pp. 1-5.

Zeldin, Wendy. “Netherlands: Major Overhaul of Immigration Policies in 2013.” Library of Congress, (20 Nov. 2015), pp. 1-6.

六、網路資源

“1.3 Million People in the Netherlands Hold Dual Citizenship.” Statistics Netherlands, http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2015/aantal-nederlanders-met-dubbele-nationaliteit-gestegen-naar-13-miljoen.htm (06 Aug. 2015).

“A Dutch antagonist of Islam waits for his premier.” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/22/world/europe/22wilders.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0 (22 Mar. 2008).

“A World Divided: Violent Crashes Break Out across the Globe as Thousands Take to the Streets in Anti-Islam Protests Organized by Far-Right Group Pegida, Dailymail.” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3435093/A-world-divided-Violent-clashes-break-globe-thousands-streets-anti-Islam-protests-organised-far-right-group-PEGIDA.html (06 Feb. 2016).

Ban Koran like Mein Kampf.” The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1559877/Ban-Koran-like-Mein-Kampf-says-Dutch-MP.html (09 Aug. 2007).

“Belgian Flemish Separatists Make Gains at Polls.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19943890 (15 Oct. 2012).

“CDA Pulls Support for PVV Motion.” The Exapatica-Dutch News, http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/country-news/CDA-pulls-support-for-PVV-motion_143879.html (22 Mar. 2007).

“Dutch Allow Wilders’ Anti-Pole Website, EU Critical.” Reuters, http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-dutch-immigrants-idUKTRE8191ML20120210 (10 Feb. 2012)

“Dutch Anti-Islam Politician Geert Wilders Surges in Polls.” Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/dutch-anti-islam-politician-geert-wilders-surges-polls-419080 (25 Jan. 2016).

“Dutch Cabinet Approves Partial Ban on Islamic Veil in Public Areas.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/22/netherlands-islamic-veil-niqab-ban-proposal-dutch-cabinet (22 May. 15).

“Dutch Election: Pro-Europe VVD and Labour Parties Win.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19566165 (13 September 2012)

“Dutch Free Killer of Anti-Islam Politician Pim Fortuyn.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27261291 (2 May 2014)

“Dutch Plan Seeks to Ferry Refugees back to Turkey.” Al Jazeera, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/netherlands-plan-ferry-refugees-turkey-160128170612335.html (30 Jan. 2016).

“Europeans Feel a Duty to Help Refugees-But Not in Their Own Countries.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/oct/30/european-attitudes-towards-refugees-poll-eu (30 Oct. 2015).

“Eurozone Crisis Live: Dutch PM Resigns after Austerity Talks Collapse- As It Happened.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/apr/23/eurozone-crisis-austerity-dutch-government (23 Apr. 2012).

“Greece`s far-right Golden Dawn party maintains share of vote.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/18/greece-far-right-golden-dawn
(18 June 2012).

“Interview with Associated Press: A Princess and a Refugee Stir National Identity in the Netherlands.” Het Weblog van Bart Jan Spruyt, http://bartjanspruyt.blogspot.tw/2007/11/interview-with-associated-press.html (16 Nov. 2007).

“Islam in the Netherlands.” Euro-Islam Info, http://www.euro-islam.info/country-profiles/the-netherlands/ (27 May 2015).

“2015 KOF Globalization Index.” ETH Zürich, http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/media/filer_public/2015/03/04/rankings_2015.pdf (2015).

“Marine Le Pen scores stunning result in French presidential election.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/22/marine-le-pen-french-election (22 April 2012).

“1.3 Million People in the Netherlands Hold Dual Citizenship.” Centraal Bureau voor de Statisiek, https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2015/32/1-3-million-people-in-the-netherlands-hold-dual-citizenship (06 Aug. 2015).

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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系
101253015
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012530153
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜家雄zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 陳柏良zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) 陳柏良zh_TW
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2016 11:32:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2016 11:32:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2016 11:32:17 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1012530153en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/99665-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 外交學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 101253015zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 近年來許多歐洲國家的極右派政黨打著反移民與反歐洲整合之主張，受到國內民眾的支持度越來越高。然而也有些國家如荷蘭的極右派政黨之表現卻正好相反，其支持率於2010年達到高峰後便逐年下降。本論文旨在探討荷蘭極右派政黨發展之歷史、荷蘭移民政策在「自由黨」於2006年創黨前後是否發生轉變，及其在創黨後至2014年年底為止中三次國會大選中所取得之成果，且勝選後又如何依其政見主導荷蘭移民政策之產出。

除了參考許多相關學術文獻，本論文亦以歷史研究途徑與文獻分析法對荷蘭近三次國會選舉結果與移民政策法規進行研究。研究結果顯示，荷蘭移民融合政策在自由黨成立前後之方向並無太大差異，其主要轉變在1980年代以後便開始逐漸醞釀，由起初對多元主義之嘗試走向90年代強調社會參與的整合主義，並在2000年後開始實施強調荷蘭單一國族認同與主流價值觀的同化主義至今。然而在自由黨於2010年成為國會第三大黨後，其藉由支持少數聯合內閣之方式，將其反移民之理念體現在2010年的政黨協議中，使移民接納政策在依親移民、申請獨立居留與享有社會福利的等待期、對非法居留外國人之待遇，以及境外移民整合考試等規定均漸趨嚴格。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) With their political ideologies strongly against immigrants and further integration of European Union, many far-right parties across Europe have been gaining more supports than ever in recent years, while the electoral outcomes for some far-right parties appear to be totally opposite. For instance, Party for Freedom (Partij voor de Vrijheid, PVV) in the Netherlands only reached its peak of political success in 2010, after which less and less supports from the public have been shown. To know better of such an unusual circumstance, not only the development of the far-right parties in the Netherlands will be discussed, this thesis also aims to probe into the difference of Dutch migration policy before and after PVV was founded, its election results in three times of general election until the end of 2014, and how it once successfully influenced the making of Dutch migration policy.

In addition to taking many related literatures into account, in this thesis the results of the recent three times of general election, migration policy, migration law and regulations in the Netherlands are also being analyzed with historical approach and document analysis. The finding shows that there has been no major changes to Dutch integration policy before and after PVV was founded, for they already started to change gradually from multiculturalism in 1980s to integrationism in 1990s, and ended in assimilationism in 2000s as of today. Futhermore, after PVV became the third biggest party in 2010, it also obtained the power to influence the making of Dutch migration policy by supporting the formation of minor coalition government of VVD and CDA, followed by writing its ideologies against immigrants and the EU in the coalition agreement. With such a power, PVV successfully tightened the law and regulations for immigrants, such as imposing stricter qualification for family reunion, harder cultural integration exam to pass, and longer period to enjoy social welfare and political rights.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents 第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 4
第三節 文獻回顧 6
第四節 研究途徑與研究方法 14
第五節 研究範圍與研究限制 15
第六節 研究架構 17
第二章 荷蘭極右派政黨於國內與歐盟層次之角色 19
第一節 第二次世界大戰後荷蘭極右派政黨之發展 19
第二節 自由黨發展歷程及其訴求 28
第三節 自由黨於歐洲議會之運作成果 35
第三章 荷蘭移民政策之轉變 42
第一節 荷蘭移民政策之組成：國會法案 42
第二節 荷蘭移民融合政策之轉變 49
第三節 荷蘭移民接納政策之轉變 57
第四章 自由黨對荷蘭移民政策之影響 69
第一節 自由黨影響荷蘭移民政策之方式 69
第二節 自由黨影響荷蘭移民政策之層面 74
第三節 自由黨影響荷蘭移民政策之成果 81
第五章 結論 87
參考文獻 93		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 2656477 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1012530153en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 極右政黨zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 荷蘭政治zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 自由黨zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 懷爾德斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 荷蘭移民政策zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Far-right partiesen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dutch politicsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Party for Freedomen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Geert Wildersen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Dutch migration policyen_US
dc.title (題名) 極右派政黨與荷蘭的移民政策zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Far-right Parties and the Migration Policy in the Netherlandsen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 中文文獻
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二一、期刊論文

伍慧萍、鄭朗。〈歐洲各國移民融入政策之比較〉，《上海商學院學報》，第12卷第1期。2011年1月，頁38-43。

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黃惠玲，〈歐盟統合過程中移民政策之形成及演變〉，《公共治理》，第1卷第4期。2013年12月，頁157-167。

陳麗娟，〈歐洲聯盟移民法制之探討〉，《華岡法粹》，第56期。2014年6月，頁1-36。

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三二、碩博士論文

林伊凡。〈後里斯本條約時代之歐盟移民與庇護政策的變革與實施〉。南華大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2014年6月。

陳慶昌。〈國內政治與歐洲整合理論〉。國立政治大學外交學系，碩士論文，2003年9月。

鍾佳純。〈歐盟統合下葡萄牙移民政策之研究〉。南華大學歐洲研究所，碩士論文，2013年6月。

西文文獻
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Fennema, Meindert. Geert Wilders: De Tovenaarsleerling. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 2010.

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Wilders, Geert. Marked For Death: Islam’s War against the West and Me. Washington: Regnery, 2012.

二、期刊論文

Bleich , Erik, and Francesca Lambert. “Why Are Racist Associations Free in Some States and Banned in Others? Evidence from 10 Liberal Democracies.” West European Politics, Vol. 36, No. 1 (2013), pp.122-149.

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三、碩博士論文

Crewson, Justin. “Geert Wilders and the Dutch Party for Freedom: A Turn towards the Centre?” Master’s Thesis, the Department of Political Science at the University of Windsor, 2014.

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四、政府與政黨官方文件

“Annual Policy Report 2010: Developments in Dutch Migration and Asylum Policy.” European Commission (May 2011).

“Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari.” Centraal Bureau voor de Statisiek, (16 May 2014).

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“Coalition Agreement between VVD and PvdA: IX. Immigration, Integration and Asylum.” Government of the Netherlands (29 Oct. 2012).

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“The Constitution of the Kingdom of Netherlands.” (Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Constitutional Affairs and Legislation Division in collaboration with the Translation Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008).

“De Agenda van Hoop en Optimisme- Een Tijd om te Kiezen: PVV 2010-2015,” Partij Voor de Vrijheid, 2010.

”Digits and Countries of Origin.” Dutch Council for Refugee (16 Nov. 2015).

“EU Immigration Portal- Explaining the Rules.” European Commission (09 Nov. 2015).

“The Illegal Residence of Foreign Nationals Is Now a Criminal Offence.” Government of the Netherlands (21 Dec. 2012).

“Modern Migration Policy Act Coming into Force on 1 June 2013.” Government of the Netherlands, (08 Mar. 2013).

“Modern Migration Policy Has Changed.” Immigration and Naturalization Services, Ministry of Security of Justice of the Netherlands, (06 Mar. 2015).

“Motie van de Ieden Wilders en de Graaf over de-Islamiseran van Nederland.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (01 Jan. 2015).

“Motie Wilders over het Nemen van Immigratiebeperkende Maatregelen.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (20 May 2010).

“The Netherlands, Results by Country, Results of the 2014 European Elections.” European Parliament (22 Sept. 2014).

“Parliament’s Rights and Duties.” Government of the Netherlands, (08 Feb. 2016)

“People with a foreign background.” Statistics Netherlands. (28 May 2015)

Piet Hein Donner, “Integration Policy Based on Dutch Values.” Government of the Netherlands (17 June 2011).

“Policy Results 2013.” Ministry of Security and Justice of the Netherlands (17 Nov. 2014).

“Powers and Procedures.” European Parliament (01 Feb. 2015).

“Regeerakkord.” Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal (03 Aug. 1998).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-France.” European Parliament (26 May 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-UK.” European Parliament (25 May 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Parliament Election: Results by Country-Netherlands.” European Parliament (02 June 2014).

“Results of the 2014 European Elections.” European Parliament (01 July 2014).

“Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap.” Rijksoverheid (09 Dec. 1984).

“Wet inburgering in het buitenland.” Rijksoverheid, (30 Nov. 2006).

Wilders, Geert. “Onafhankelijkheidsverklaring.” Groep Wilders (13 Mar. 2005).

Wilders, Geert. “Plan voor een nieuwe Gouden Eeuw.” Partij voor de Vrijheid (26 Apr. 2006).


五、智庫研究

Barlett, Jamie, Jonathan Birdwell and Sarah de Lange. “Populism in Europe: Netherlands.” Demos (2012), pp. 1-71.

Chaloner, Justin, Andrew Evans and Mark Pragnell, “NExit: assessing the economic impact of the Netherlands leaving the European Union.” Capital Economics (06 Feb 2014), pp. 1-154.

Collett, Elizabeth. “Future EU Policy Development on Immigration and Asylum: Understanding the Challenge.” Migration Policy Institute Europe, No. 4 (May 2014), pp. 1-11.

Ersanilli, Evelyn. “Country profile: the Netherlands.” Focus Migration, No. 11 (2014), pp. 1-13.

Fischler, Fenya. “Integration Policy: Netherlands Country Report.” Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of European University Institute (2014), pp. 1-13.

Hartleb, Florian. “After Their Establishment: Right-Wing Populist Parties in Europe.” Centre for European Studies (2011), pp. 1-86.

Kremer, Monique. “The Netherlands: from National Identity to Plural Identifications.” Transatlantic Council on Migration (Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute, 2013), pp. 1-20.

Siegel Melissa, “Immigration and Social Protection in the Netherlands.” United Nations University (08 Aug. 2011), pp. 1-5.

Zeldin, Wendy. “Netherlands: Major Overhaul of Immigration Policies in 2013.” Library of Congress, (20 Nov. 2015), pp. 1-6.

六、網路資源

“1.3 Million People in the Netherlands Hold Dual Citizenship.” Statistics Netherlands, http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevolking/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2015/aantal-nederlanders-met-dubbele-nationaliteit-gestegen-naar-13-miljoen.htm (06 Aug. 2015).

“A Dutch antagonist of Islam waits for his premier.” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/22/world/europe/22wilders.html?pagewanted=print&_r=0 (22 Mar. 2008).

“A World Divided: Violent Crashes Break Out across the Globe as Thousands Take to the Streets in Anti-Islam Protests Organized by Far-Right Group Pegida, Dailymail.” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3435093/A-world-divided-Violent-clashes-break-globe-thousands-streets-anti-Islam-protests-organised-far-right-group-PEGIDA.html (06 Feb. 2016).

Ban Koran like Mein Kampf.” The Telegraph, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1559877/Ban-Koran-like-Mein-Kampf-says-Dutch-MP.html (09 Aug. 2007).

“Belgian Flemish Separatists Make Gains at Polls.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19943890 (15 Oct. 2012).

“CDA Pulls Support for PVV Motion.” The Exapatica-Dutch News, http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/country-news/CDA-pulls-support-for-PVV-motion_143879.html (22 Mar. 2007).

“Dutch Allow Wilders’ Anti-Pole Website, EU Critical.” Reuters, http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-dutch-immigrants-idUKTRE8191ML20120210 (10 Feb. 2012)

“Dutch Anti-Islam Politician Geert Wilders Surges in Polls.” Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/dutch-anti-islam-politician-geert-wilders-surges-polls-419080 (25 Jan. 2016).

“Dutch Cabinet Approves Partial Ban on Islamic Veil in Public Areas.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/22/netherlands-islamic-veil-niqab-ban-proposal-dutch-cabinet (22 May. 15).

“Dutch Election: Pro-Europe VVD and Labour Parties Win.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-19566165 (13 September 2012)

“Dutch Free Killer of Anti-Islam Politician Pim Fortuyn.” BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27261291 (2 May 2014)

“Dutch Plan Seeks to Ferry Refugees back to Turkey.” Al Jazeera, http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/netherlands-plan-ferry-refugees-turkey-160128170612335.html (30 Jan. 2016).

“Europeans Feel a Duty to Help Refugees-But Not in Their Own Countries.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2015/oct/30/european-attitudes-towards-refugees-poll-eu (30 Oct. 2015).

“Eurozone Crisis Live: Dutch PM Resigns after Austerity Talks Collapse- As It Happened.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/apr/23/eurozone-crisis-austerity-dutch-government (23 Apr. 2012).

“Greece`s far-right Golden Dawn party maintains share of vote.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/18/greece-far-right-golden-dawn
(18 June 2012).

“Interview with Associated Press: A Princess and a Refugee Stir National Identity in the Netherlands.” Het Weblog van Bart Jan Spruyt, http://bartjanspruyt.blogspot.tw/2007/11/interview-with-associated-press.html (16 Nov. 2007).

“Islam in the Netherlands.” Euro-Islam Info, http://www.euro-islam.info/country-profiles/the-netherlands/ (27 May 2015).

“2015 KOF Globalization Index.” ETH Zürich, http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/media/filer_public/2015/03/04/rankings_2015.pdf (2015).

“Marine Le Pen scores stunning result in French presidential election.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/22/marine-le-pen-french-election (22 April 2012).

“1.3 Million People in the Netherlands Hold Dual Citizenship.” Centraal Bureau voor de Statisiek, https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2015/32/1-3-million-people-in-the-netherlands-hold-dual-citizenship (06 Aug. 2015).

“Morrocan-Dutch Politician to Lead Dutch City: Muslim Tapped as Rotterdam Mayor.” Der Spiegel International, “ http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/morrocan-dutch-politician-to-lead-dutch-city-muslim-tapped-as-rotterdam-mayor-a-585457.html (22 Oct. 2008).

“MPs unimpressed with motion from PVV.” The Exapatica-Dutch News,” http://www.expatica.com/nl/news/country-news/MPs-unimpressed-with-motion-from-PVV_142769.html (16 Feb. 2007).

“National Front Collapses in France’s Regional Runoff Election.” CBC News, http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-regional-elections-national-front-1.3362965 (14 Dec. 2015).

“Netherlands Government Debt to GDP 1995-2016.” TradingEconomics, http://www.tradingeconomics.com/netherlands/government-debt-to-gdp.

“Peilingen: PVV Blijft Onvermindered de Grootste Partij bij de Stemming.” De Dagelijkse Standaard, http://www.dagelijksestandaard.nl/2016/05/peilingen-pvv-blijft-onverminderd-de-grootste-partij-bij-de-stemming/ (03 May 2016).

“Problems with Poles? Report Them to US, Says New PVV Website.” DutchNews.NL,http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2012/02/problems_with_poles_report_the/ (08 Feb. 2012)

“Pro-gay and Anti-Islam: Rise of the Dutch Far-Right.” Roarmag, https://roarmag.org/essays/wilders-fortuyn-nationalism-netherlands/ (08 Feb. 2015).

“Readmission agreement.” EUR-Lex, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=URISERV:l33105 (11 Nov. 2015).

“Restrictions on Family Reunification Partly Reversed.” Everaert Advocaten, http://archive-nl.com/page/1498445/2013-02-25/http://www.everaert.nl/en/news/16-particulieren/166-beperkingen-gezinsmigratie-gedeeltelijk-teruggedraaid (28 Mar. 2013)

“Right Wing’s Surge in Europe Has the Establishment Rattled.” The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/09/world/europe/right-wings-surge-in-europe-has-the-establishment-rattled.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 (08 Nov.2013).

Scheffer, Paul. “Het multiculturele drama.” NRC Handelsblad, http://retro.nrc.nl/W2/Lab/Multicultureel/scheffer.html (29 Jan. 2000)


“Thousands Riot in Small Dutch Town over Plan for Asylum-Seeker Centre.” The Guardian, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/dec/17/thousands-riot-in-small-dutch-town-over-plan-for-asylum-seeker-centre (17 Dec. 2015).

“What Is Brexit and Why Are We Having an EU Referendum?” The Independent, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/what-is-brexit-why-is-there-an-eu-referendum-a7042791.html (24 May 2016).

“Wilders prosecuted in Netherlands over anti-Moroccan chanting.” Bloomberg, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-18/wilders-prosecuted-in-netherlands-over-anti-moroccan-chanting (18 Dec 2014).

“Wilders Subjects MP to Malicious Attack.” DutchNews.NL, http://dev.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2007/03/wilders_subjects_mp_to_malicio/ (09 Mar. 2007)		zh_TW