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題名 見與不見:《大亨小傳》中的真實與虛擬現實
The Seen and the Unseen: On Reality and Virtual Reality in The Great Gatsby
作者 黃憶
Huang, Yi
貢獻者 邱彥彬
Chiou, Yen Bin
黃憶
Huang, Yi
關鍵詞 虛擬現實
虛擬凝視
視覺經驗
可見性
virtual reality
virtual gaze
visual experience
visibility
日期 2016
上傳時間 22-Aug-2016 10:38:41 (UTC+8)
摘要 史考特‧費茲傑羅(F. Scott Fitzgerald)的小說《大亨小傳》為一深刻反映二十世紀美國文化的作品之一，書中描述主人翁蓋茲比如何在現實中追求不可及的夢想直至夢想幻滅的過程。在現實的不可抗逆下，蓋茲比以各式物質展演將不可見慾望的化為清晰的圖像。
本論文將透過廣告及攝影概念的引用，探討圖像與觀者的連結如何創造出一個既不屬於現實也不屬於幻象的虛擬現實，並論述蓋茲比如何運用觀者的觀看經驗為自身建立起一可被認同的身份，並且以這樣的策略開展小說中關於視覺與想像的辯證。
第一章略述《大亨小傳》的梗概、介紹其相關評論與說明本論文理論架構。第二章將藉由對二十世紀初媒體發展回顧重新定義「可見」的概念；第三章將詳述費茲傑羅與其作品與名流文化及媒體的密切性，及媒體文化對作者生活及作品的影響。第四章檢視書中敘事者尼克視覺化的觀察方式，進而分析其虛擬凝視(Virtual Gaze)如何打破生理視覺的侷限進而發展出一結合主體感觀經驗與客觀現實的感知方式。第五章重新討論小說中現實與幻象的矛盾，並點出「虛擬」將翻轉對現實的固有認知，並且成就更多可能性。
F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby has been regarded as one of the most brilliant literary works that captures the essence of the roaring twenties. In the novel, Fitzgerald takes readers into a full picture of the life of Gatsby, unfolding the life of the glamour in a new world material without being real and the conflicts between social classes. Writing against the lucid narrative strategy, Fitzgerald completes The Great Gatsby with impressive languages, imagery and symbols. The present thesis would like to adopt theories of advertising and photography to examine how the order of presentation and observation is converted at the time when visual perception is inevitably intertwined with subjective imagination. In addition, the present thesis also aims to shed light on the concept of virtual gaze as well as the notion of identity by taking vision from the field of the visible into the field of the virtual.
Chapter one begins with the introduction of The Great Gatsby and the methodology used in the present thesis. Chapter two includes literature reviews concerning the issue of seeing and Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Chapter three focuses on reviewing the presentation of images used in the mass media and on building the interrelationship among Fitzgerald’s life and the notion of “visibility.” Chapter four pays attention to the concept of “virtual gaze” and its capability to break the boundary between physical eyesight and imagination. Chapter five reconsiders the ambiguity of reality associated with contradictory vision and further validates the value of “virtual gaze.
參考文獻 Barrett, Laura. “ ‘Material Without Being Real’: Photography and the End of Reality in ‘The Great Gatsby’”. Studies in the Novel 30.4 (1998): 540–557. JSTOR. Web. 7 July 2015
Batchelor, Bob, ed. American pop: popular culture decade by decade. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009. Print.
Berger, John. Ways of Seeing: Based On the BBC Television Series With John S Berger. London: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books, 1972. Print.
Berman, Ronald. Translating modernism: Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Alabama: U of Alabama P, 2009. Print.
---. Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and the Twenties. Alabama: U OF Alabama P, 2001. Print.
---. Modernity and Progress: Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Orwell. Alabama: U of Alabama P, 2005. Print.
---. The Great Gatsby and Modern Times. Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1994. Print.
Bewley, Marius. “Scott Fitzgerald’s Criticism of America.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Great Gatsby. Ed. Ernest Lockridge. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1968, 37-53. Print.
Biers, Katherine. Virtual Modernism: Writing and Technology in the Progressive Era. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2013. Print.
Carlisle, Rodney P. Handbook to Life in America: The Roaring Twenties, 1920 to 1929. New York: Facts On File, Inc, 2009. Print.
Curnutt, Kirk. The Cambridge Introduction to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print.
Dessner, Lawrence Jay. “Photography and The Great Gatsby” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co,1984. 175-186. Print.
Donaldson, Scott, ed. Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. Print.
---. “Fitzgerald’s Nonfiction” The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ed. Ruth Prigozy. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. 164-188. Print.
---. Fitzgerald and Hemingway: Works and Days. New York: Columbia University, 2009. Print.
---. “Scott Donaldson on Gatsby and the HistoricalAntecedents for Gatsby.” Bloom’s Guides: The Great Gatsby. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 2006. 114-119. Print.
Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.
Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern. California: U of California P, 1994. Print.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Print.
Galow, Timothy W. Writing Celebrity: Stein, Fitzgerald, and the Modern(ist) Art of Self-Fashioning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print.
John T., Irwin. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s fiction: “An Almost Theatrical Innocence”. Maryland: Johns Hopkins UP, 2014. Print
Langman, F.H. “Style and Shape in The Great Gatsby” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. 31-53. Print.
Lauren Rule Maxwell. “Consumer Culture and Advertising” F. Scott Fitzgerald in Context. New York: Cambridge UP, 2013. 311-320. Print.
Lears ,T. J. Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1994, Print.
Miller, James E. Jr., The Fictional Technique of Scott Fitzgerald. : Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 1957, Print.
Minter, David. A Cultural History of the American novel: Henry James to William Faulkner. New York: Cambridge UP, 1994. Print.
Ohmann, Richard. Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century. London: Verso, 1996. Print.
Parr, Susan Resneck. “The Idea of Order at West Egg.” New Essays on The Great Gatsby. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. New York: Cambridge UP, 1985. 59-78. Print.
Posnock, Rose. “A New World, Material Without Being Real: Fitzgerald’s Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby.” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. 201-213. Print.
Prigozy, Ruth, ed. The Cambridge Introduction of F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2007. Print.
Prigozy, Ruth, ed. The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. Print.
---. “Introduction: Scott, Zelda, and the Culture of Celebrity” The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. 1-27. Print.
Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Rosettabooks, 1973. PDF file.
Wilson, Elizabeth. ‪Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity‬. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003. Print.‬ ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Williams, Raymond. Problems in Materialism and Culture: Selected Essays. London Verso, 1980. Print.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
99551012
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0995510121
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 邱彥彬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Chiou, Yen Binen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 黃憶zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Huang, Yien_US
dc.creator (作者) 黃憶zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Huang, Yien_US
dc.date (日期) 2016en_US
dc.date.accessioned 22-Aug-2016 10:38:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 22-Aug-2016 10:38:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 22-Aug-2016 10:38:41 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0995510121en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/100441-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 99551012zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 史考特‧費茲傑羅(F. Scott Fitzgerald)的小說《大亨小傳》為一深刻反映二十世紀美國文化的作品之一，書中描述主人翁蓋茲比如何在現實中追求不可及的夢想直至夢想幻滅的過程。在現實的不可抗逆下，蓋茲比以各式物質展演將不可見慾望的化為清晰的圖像。
本論文將透過廣告及攝影概念的引用，探討圖像與觀者的連結如何創造出一個既不屬於現實也不屬於幻象的虛擬現實，並論述蓋茲比如何運用觀者的觀看經驗為自身建立起一可被認同的身份，並且以這樣的策略開展小說中關於視覺與想像的辯證。
第一章略述《大亨小傳》的梗概、介紹其相關評論與說明本論文理論架構。第二章將藉由對二十世紀初媒體發展回顧重新定義「可見」的概念；第三章將詳述費茲傑羅與其作品與名流文化及媒體的密切性，及媒體文化對作者生活及作品的影響。第四章檢視書中敘事者尼克視覺化的觀察方式，進而分析其虛擬凝視(Virtual Gaze)如何打破生理視覺的侷限進而發展出一結合主體感觀經驗與客觀現實的感知方式。第五章重新討論小說中現實與幻象的矛盾，並點出「虛擬」將翻轉對現實的固有認知，並且成就更多可能性。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby has been regarded as one of the most brilliant literary works that captures the essence of the roaring twenties. In the novel, Fitzgerald takes readers into a full picture of the life of Gatsby, unfolding the life of the glamour in a new world material without being real and the conflicts between social classes. Writing against the lucid narrative strategy, Fitzgerald completes The Great Gatsby with impressive languages, imagery and symbols. The present thesis would like to adopt theories of advertising and photography to examine how the order of presentation and observation is converted at the time when visual perception is inevitably intertwined with subjective imagination. In addition, the present thesis also aims to shed light on the concept of virtual gaze as well as the notion of identity by taking vision from the field of the visible into the field of the virtual.
Chapter one begins with the introduction of The Great Gatsby and the methodology used in the present thesis. Chapter two includes literature reviews concerning the issue of seeing and Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Chapter three focuses on reviewing the presentation of images used in the mass media and on building the interrelationship among Fitzgerald’s life and the notion of “visibility.” Chapter four pays attention to the concept of “virtual gaze” and its capability to break the boundary between physical eyesight and imagination. Chapter five reconsiders the ambiguity of reality associated with contradictory vision and further validates the value of “virtual gaze.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chapter One: Introduction 1
Research Background Information 1
Images and the Creation of Virtual Reality 6
Chapter Description 12
Chapter Two: The Unreality of Reality: the Uncertainty of Truth in Modern America and The Great Gatsby 14
Advertising Images as Unreality of the Reality in Modern America 14
Fitzgerald, the Roaring Twenties and Celebrity Culture Four 16
Advertising and Photography in the Jazz Age 21
Vision, Perception and Illusion 26
Chapter Three: An Age of Unclear Vision: Reality and Virtual Reality in Advertising and Photography 32
From Vision to Envisioning: Mass Consumerism and Advertising in the Early Twentieth-Century America 32
Expressive Strategy and Visibility 35
Chapter Four: Unreality as Virtual Reality 49
Virtual Gaze: The Correlation of Vision and Imagination 49
Mobility, Vision and Imagination 54
Photography and Virtual Gaze 59
Chapter Five: Conclusion 67
Work Cited 72		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 426946 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0995510121en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬現實zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 虛擬凝視zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 視覺經驗zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 可見性zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) virtual realityen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) virtual gazeen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) visual experienceen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) visibilityen_US
dc.title (題名) 見與不見:《大亨小傳》中的真實與虛擬現實zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Seen and the Unseen: On Reality and Virtual Reality in The Great Gatsbyen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Barrett, Laura. “ ‘Material Without Being Real’: Photography and the End of Reality in ‘The Great Gatsby’”. Studies in the Novel 30.4 (1998): 540–557. JSTOR. Web. 7 July 2015
Batchelor, Bob, ed. American pop: popular culture decade by decade. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009. Print.
Berger, John. Ways of Seeing: Based On the BBC Television Series With John S Berger. London: British Broadcasting Corporation and Penguin Books, 1972. Print.
Berman, Ronald. Translating modernism: Fitzgerald and Hemingway. Alabama: U of Alabama P, 2009. Print.
---. Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and the Twenties. Alabama: U OF Alabama P, 2001. Print.
---. Modernity and Progress: Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Orwell. Alabama: U of Alabama P, 2005. Print.
---. The Great Gatsby and Modern Times. Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1994. Print.
Bewley, Marius. “Scott Fitzgerald’s Criticism of America.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Great Gatsby. Ed. Ernest Lockridge. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1968, 37-53. Print.
Biers, Katherine. Virtual Modernism: Writing and Technology in the Progressive Era. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2013. Print.
Carlisle, Rodney P. Handbook to Life in America: The Roaring Twenties, 1920 to 1929. New York: Facts On File, Inc, 2009. Print.
Curnutt, Kirk. The Cambridge Introduction to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge UP, 2007. Print.
Dessner, Lawrence Jay. “Photography and The Great Gatsby” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co,1984. 175-186. Print.
Donaldson, Scott, ed. Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. Print.
---. “Fitzgerald’s Nonfiction” The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ed. Ruth Prigozy. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. 164-188. Print.
---. Fitzgerald and Hemingway: Works and Days. New York: Columbia University, 2009. Print.
---. “Scott Donaldson on Gatsby and the HistoricalAntecedents for Gatsby.” Bloom’s Guides: The Great Gatsby. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 2006. 114-119. Print.
Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2004. Print.
Friedberg, Anne. Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern. California: U of California P, 1994. Print.
Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, Trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Print.
Galow, Timothy W. Writing Celebrity: Stein, Fitzgerald, and the Modern(ist) Art of Self-Fashioning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Print.
John T., Irwin. F. Scott Fitzgerald’s fiction: “An Almost Theatrical Innocence”. Maryland: Johns Hopkins UP, 2014. Print
Langman, F.H. “Style and Shape in The Great Gatsby” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. 31-53. Print.
Lauren Rule Maxwell. “Consumer Culture and Advertising” F. Scott Fitzgerald in Context. New York: Cambridge UP, 2013. 311-320. Print.
Lears ,T. J. Jackson. Fables of Abundance: A Cultural History of Advertising in America. New York: Basic Books, 1994, Print.
Miller, James E. Jr., The Fictional Technique of Scott Fitzgerald. : Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 1957, Print.
Minter, David. A Cultural History of the American novel: Henry James to William Faulkner. New York: Cambridge UP, 1994. Print.
Ohmann, Richard. Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century. London: Verso, 1996. Print.
Parr, Susan Resneck. “The Idea of Order at West Egg.” New Essays on The Great Gatsby. Ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli. New York: Cambridge UP, 1985. 59-78. Print.
Posnock, Rose. “A New World, Material Without Being Real: Fitzgerald’s Critique of Capitalism in The Great Gatsby.” Critical Essays on F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Ed. Scott Donaldson. Boston: G. K. Hall & co, 1984. 201-213. Print.
Prigozy, Ruth, ed. The Cambridge Introduction of F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2007. Print.
Prigozy, Ruth, ed. The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. Print.
---. “Introduction: Scott, Zelda, and the Culture of Celebrity” The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Cambridge University, 2002. 1-27. Print.
Sontag, Susan. On Photography. New York: Rosettabooks, 1973. PDF file.
Wilson, Elizabeth. ‪Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity‬. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 2003. Print.‬ ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Williams, Raymond. Problems in Materialism and Culture: Selected Essays. London Verso, 1980. Print.		zh_TW