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題名 國語語者之英語詞彙重音習得： 錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統之擴充理論
Mandarin speakers` acquisition of English word stress : an extended theory of error-driven constraint demotion algorithm
作者 宋凱琳
Sung, Kailin
貢獻者 蕭宇超
Hsiao, Yuchau E.
宋凱琳
Sung, Kailin
關鍵詞 錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統
第二語言習得
重音指派
中介語
優選理論
並存音韻理論
Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm
Second language acquisition
Stress assignment
Interlanguage
Optimality Theory
Cophonology
日期 2017
上傳時間 1-Mar-2017 17:00:50 (UTC+8)
摘要 本文旨在研究國語語者在英語單純名詞(simplex nouns), 合成詞(complex words)與複合名詞(compound nouns)的重音習得現象，根據錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統(Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm)，本文提出其擴充理論用於解釋第二語言重音習得的動態演變過程。中介語語料設計主要為25種音節形式組合的雙音節單純名詞，三種後綴形式的合成詞，以及25種音節形式的雙音節複合名詞，受試者為20位英文程度分別為低程度及高程度的英語學習者。研究結果顯示，第二語言的重音習得主要分為兩階段，第一階段為中介語制約條件升級，此時，在第一語及目標語排序較低或靜態的制約受到升級，稱為所謂中介語制約(interlanguage constraint), 由於中介語制約提升至第一語及目標語的制約排序之上，使得正確的目標語形式無法產生。在第二階段，目標語形式所違反的制約會依序降級，直到目標語能成功產出為止。在單純名詞部份，低程度學習者受到中介語制約ALLFTR, XV́O的影響，傾向將重音指派在倒數第二音節及詞尾的XVO音節，高程度學習者的單純名詞語法雖與目標語有所差距，但已能擺脫中介語制約ALLFTR, XV́O的影響，將重音指派在正確的音節。在合成詞部分，中介語制約ALLFTR, NON-FIN(σ) 使得低程度學習者傾向將重音指派在倒數第二音節，但高程度學習者已建立類似目標語的合成詞並存音韻語法(Cophonology Grammar)。複合名詞部分，受到中介語制約ALIGN (WD, FT) 的影響，低程度與高程度的學習者都傾向將重音指派至每一個複合詞單字，造成字字重音的現象。本文所提出的錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統之擴充理論(Extended Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm)經過證明可用於解釋第二語言習得的重音指派現象。
This study is aimed to investigate Mandarin-speaking English leaners’ stress assignment of simplex nouns, complex words, and compound nouns. Based on Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm, this study proposes its extended theory to account for the dynamic process of second language (L2) acquisition of stress assignment. The tokens were simplex nouns composed of 25 syllable types, compound words composed of three types of suffixes, and disyllabic compound nouns composed of 25 syllable types. The subjects were 20 high and low achievers of English respectively. The result shows that L2 stress assignment acquisition is divided into two stages. The first stage features interlanguage constraint promotion; lower ranked constraints in first language (L1) or L2 are promoted to the undominated position, which prevents the target form from being selected. In stage two, the target-disfavoring constraints undergo gradual and sequential error-driven demotion until the target form successfully surfaces. In terms of simplex nouns, low achievers were influenced by ALLFTR and XV́O, and tended to place the main stress on the penultimate syllable and ultimate XVO. High achievers were able to stress simplex nouns accurately, which implies simplex cophonology has been established at high-achieving stage. As far as compound words are concerned, undominated interlanguage constraints, ALLFTR and NON-FIN(σ), mislead low achievers to place stress on the penultimate syllable, while high achievers had no difficulty stressing complex words, suggesting that high achievers were equipped with the complex cophonology. As for compound nouns, under the influence of interlanguage constraint, ALIGN (WD, FT), low achievers tended to stress every compound element. The extended Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm proposed in this study is proved able to account for L2 acquisition of stress assignment.
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史嘉琳(民92)。英語教學死角:複合名詞重音【部落格文字資料】取自http://www.cet-taiwan.com/drcet/detail.asp?serno=599
描述 博士
國立政治大學
語言學研究所
97555501
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097555501
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 蕭宇超zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Hsiao, Yuchau E.en_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 宋凱琳zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Sung, Kailinen_US
dc.creator (作者) 宋凱琳zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Sung, Kailinen_US
dc.date (日期) 2017en_US
dc.date.accessioned 1-Mar-2017 17:00:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 1-Mar-2017 17:00:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Mar-2017 17:00:50 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0097555501en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/106802-
dc.description (描述) 博士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 語言學研究所zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 97555501zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本文旨在研究國語語者在英語單純名詞(simplex nouns), 合成詞(complex words)與複合名詞(compound nouns)的重音習得現象，根據錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統(Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm)，本文提出其擴充理論用於解釋第二語言重音習得的動態演變過程。中介語語料設計主要為25種音節形式組合的雙音節單純名詞，三種後綴形式的合成詞，以及25種音節形式的雙音節複合名詞，受試者為20位英文程度分別為低程度及高程度的英語學習者。研究結果顯示，第二語言的重音習得主要分為兩階段，第一階段為中介語制約條件升級，此時，在第一語及目標語排序較低或靜態的制約受到升級，稱為所謂中介語制約(interlanguage constraint), 由於中介語制約提升至第一語及目標語的制約排序之上，使得正確的目標語形式無法產生。在第二階段，目標語形式所違反的制約會依序降級，直到目標語能成功產出為止。在單純名詞部份，低程度學習者受到中介語制約ALLFTR, XV́O的影響，傾向將重音指派在倒數第二音節及詞尾的XVO音節，高程度學習者的單純名詞語法雖與目標語有所差距，但已能擺脫中介語制約ALLFTR, XV́O的影響，將重音指派在正確的音節。在合成詞部分，中介語制約ALLFTR, NON-FIN(σ) 使得低程度學習者傾向將重音指派在倒數第二音節，但高程度學習者已建立類似目標語的合成詞並存音韻語法(Cophonology Grammar)。複合名詞部分，受到中介語制約ALIGN (WD, FT) 的影響，低程度與高程度的學習者都傾向將重音指派至每一個複合詞單字，造成字字重音的現象。本文所提出的錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統之擴充理論(Extended Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm)經過證明可用於解釋第二語言習得的重音指派現象。zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) This study is aimed to investigate Mandarin-speaking English leaners’ stress assignment of simplex nouns, complex words, and compound nouns. Based on Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm, this study proposes its extended theory to account for the dynamic process of second language (L2) acquisition of stress assignment. The tokens were simplex nouns composed of 25 syllable types, compound words composed of three types of suffixes, and disyllabic compound nouns composed of 25 syllable types. The subjects were 20 high and low achievers of English respectively. The result shows that L2 stress assignment acquisition is divided into two stages. The first stage features interlanguage constraint promotion; lower ranked constraints in first language (L1) or L2 are promoted to the undominated position, which prevents the target form from being selected. In stage two, the target-disfavoring constraints undergo gradual and sequential error-driven demotion until the target form successfully surfaces. In terms of simplex nouns, low achievers were influenced by ALLFTR and XV́O, and tended to place the main stress on the penultimate syllable and ultimate XVO. High achievers were able to stress simplex nouns accurately, which implies simplex cophonology has been established at high-achieving stage. As far as compound words are concerned, undominated interlanguage constraints, ALLFTR and NON-FIN(σ), mislead low achievers to place stress on the penultimate syllable, while high achievers had no difficulty stressing complex words, suggesting that high achievers were equipped with the complex cophonology. As for compound nouns, under the influence of interlanguage constraint, ALIGN (WD, FT), low achievers tended to stress every compound element. The extended Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithm proposed in this study is proved able to account for L2 acquisition of stress assignment.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Chinese Abstract I
English Abstract II
Table of Contents III
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Why an L2 Learning Algorithm Necessary? 1
B. Contribution and Outline 3
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW AND BASIC RATIONALE OF THE
PROPOSED ALGORITHM 4
A. Phonotactic Basics 4
1. Stress features and stress assignment 4
2. Degrees of stress 5
3. Placement of primary stress 6
4. Representation of stress 6
a. The grid . 6
b. Feet 7
5. Stress related Constraints and Theories 8
a. Main constraint types in Optimality Theory 8
b. Markedness and faithfulness constraints 8
c. Alignment Theory 10
d. Cophonology Theory 10
B. OT-Based Algorithms in Learning the Phonology of a
Language 11
1. Constraint Demotion 11
2. Error-driven Constraint Demotion 13
3. Biased Constraint Demotion 15
4. Gradual Learning Algorithm 15
5. Error-driven Ranking Algorithms . 17
C. Theoretical Proposal of the Extended EDCD Algorithm 18
1. The initial state 18
2. Stage one 19
3. Stage two 20
4. Operation of the extended EDCD 22
5. The irreplaceability of extended EDCD algorithm 28
CHAPTER III. STRESS ASSIGNMENT OF ENGLISH SIMPLEX NOUNS 31
A. Data Description 31
1. Participants 32
2. Test tokens 32
3. Data collection 34
B. Results 35
1. Disyllabic simplex nouns 35
a. XVO-ending nouns 35
b. XVN-ending nouns 36
c. XVL-ending nouns 37
d. XVV-ending nouns 38
e. XV-ending nouns 39
2. Trisyllabic simplex nouns 40
a. XVO-ending trisyllabic nouns 40
b. XVN/L-ending trisyllabic nouns 41
c. XV-ending trisyllabic nouns 41
C. Extended EDCD Analysis 42
1. XV-ending nouns 48
2. XVN-ending nouns 57
3. XVL-ending nouns 60
4. XVO-ending nouns 64
5. XVO-ending trisyllabic simplex nouns 68
D. Cophonology of Simplex Nouns 69
E. Summary 70
CHAPTER IV. STRESS ASSIGNMENT OF ENGLISH COMPLEX WORDS 71
A. Data Description 71
1. Test tokens 72
2. Results 72
a. Stress-neutral suffixation 72
b. Stress-shifting suffixation 73
c. Stress-attracting suffixation 74
B. Extended EDCD Analysis 75
1. Stress-neutral suffixation 76
2. Stress-attracting suffixation 89
3. Stress-shifting suffixation 94
C. Cophonology of Complex Words 101
D. Summary 102
CHAPTER V. STRESS ASSIGNMENT OF ENGLISH COMPLEX WORDS 103
A. Data Description 103
1. Participants 103
2. Test tokens 103
3. Results 105
a. ŃN 105
b. [ŃN]N 108
c. N[ŃN] 108
d. ŃŃ 109
B. Extended EDCD Analysis 110
1. ŃN 110
2. N[ŃN] 115
3. [ŃN]N 118
4. ŃŃ 120
C. Cophonology of Compound Nouns 122
D. Summary 123
CHAPTER VI. THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS 124
CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION 133
REFERENCES 134		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 4704163 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097555501en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 第二語言習得zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 重音指派zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 中介語zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 優選理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 並存音韻理論zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Error-Driven Constraint Demotion Algorithmen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Second language acquisitionen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Stress assignmenten_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Interlanguageen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Optimality Theoryen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Cophonologyen_US
dc.title (題名) 國語語者之英語詞彙重音習得： 錯誤驅動制約條件降級演算系統之擴充理論zh_TW
dc.title (題名) Mandarin speakers` acquisition of English word stress : an extended theory of error-driven constraint demotion algorithmen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
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史嘉琳(民92)。英語教學死角:複合名詞重音【部落格文字資料】取自http://www.cet-taiwan.com/drcet/detail.asp?serno=599		zh_TW