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題名 艾德森《睿智》中的權力與抵抗
Power and Resistance in Margaret Edson`s W;t作者 林姿瑩
Lin, Tzu-Ying貢獻者 姜翠芬
Jiang, Tsui-Fen
林姿瑩
Lin, Tzu-Ying關鍵詞 瑪格麗特·艾德森
《睿智》
米歇爾·傅柯
權力
知識
醫療凝視
抵抗
Margaret Edson
W;t
Michel Foucault
Power
Knowledge
The medical gaze
Resistance日期 2018 上傳時間 27-Jul-2018 11:16:31 (UTC+8) 摘要 因為醫學研究的發展，人們能從癌症中痊癒；在過去，癌症很難被治癒。然而，醫療科學的發展也帶來醫學倫理的問題。例如：當醫生對一位病人進行實驗性治療時，他必須在科學與人性間取得平衡；當他的病人面臨死亡的時候，他必須考量誰有權力決定病人的生命是否延續下去。本論文使用米歇爾・傅科 (Michel Foucault) 的權力、知識和抵抗理論，分析艾德森的《睿智》，進而探討前述的議題。本論文認為在本劇中，克里凱恩醫生 (Harvey Kelekian) 與波斯納醫生 (Jason Posner) 使用他們的醫療知識以及醫療凝視(the medical gaze)，對是主角，也是病患的薇薇安 (Vivian Bearing) 施展其權力。本論文並論述對薇薇安進行實驗性治療時，他們罔顧人性，只在乎他們的研究結果。本論文也從傅柯抵抗理論的觀點說明，薇薇安最終抵抗她醫生們的不人道治療，並且奪回自己的生命自主權。 關鍵字：瑪格麗特・艾德森、《睿智》、米歇爾・傅柯、權力、知識、醫療凝視、抵抗
With the progress of medical research, people can recover from illness, such as cancer, which was not expected to be cured in the past. However, the growth of medical science also raises the issues of medical ethics. For instance, when a doctor prescribes an experimental treatment for a patient, he needs to reach a balance between science and humanity; he should consider who has autonomy over the patient’s life when the patient is dying. This thesis discusses the aforementioned issues by analyzing W;t, a play by Margaret Edson, using Michel Foucault’s theory of power, knowledge and resistance. This thesis argues that in the play, Dr. Harvey Kelekian and Dr. Jason Posner, use their medical knowledge and medical gaze to exercise power over the patient-protagonist Vivian Bearing, and when they prescribe an experimental treatment for her, they care only about their research outcome at the expense of humanity. This thesis also contends that from the perspective of Foucault’s theory of resistance, Vivian finally resists her doctors’ inhumane treatment to regain autonomy over her own life. Keywords: Margaret Edson, W;t, Michel Foucault, power, knowledge, the medical gaze, resistance參考文獻 Works Cited Adams, Rachel. “Michel Foucault: Discourse.” Critical Legal Thinking, 17 Nov. 2017, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2017/11/17/michel-foucault-discourse/#fn-22957-3. Amanatullah, Derek F. “The Importance of a Physician’s Wit: A Critical Analysis of Science in Medicine.” Einstein Quarterly: Journal of Biology & Medicine, vol. 19, no. 3, 2002, pp. 139-43. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=11144334&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Blansfield, Karen C. “Atom and Eve: The Mating of Science and Humanism.” South Atlantic Review, vol. 68, no. 4, 2003, pp. 1-16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3201472. Bok, Sissela. “The Dilemmas of Euthanasia Arranged by Sissela Bok: Euthanasia and the Care of the Dying.” BioScience, vol. 23, no. 8, 1973, pp. 461-66. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1296605?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Carter, Betty. “An Interview with Margaret Edson.” Book& Culture: A Christian Review, 1998, http://www.booksandculture.com/articles/1999/sepoct/9 b5025.html?paging=off. “Code Team.” Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/code+team. Cosby, Matt. “Wit Scene 1.” LitCharts, 2018, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/wit/scene-1. “Do Not Resuscitate.” U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm. Eads, Martha Greene. “Unwitting Redemption in Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Contemporary Literary Criticism, edited by Jeffrey W. Hunter, vol.199, 2005, pp. 241-54. Literature Resource Center, http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i. do?p =LitRC&sw=w&u=nccu&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CH1100062963&it= r&asid=93a6031f41328af51e8cd1adbc4ebe82. Edson, Margaret. W;t. Faber and Faber, 1999. Elliot, Michelle. “‘It Is Not Wit, It Is Truth:’ Transcending the Narrative Bounds of Professional and Personal Identity in Life and in Art.” Journal of Medical Humanities, vol. 37, no. 3, 2016, pp. 241-56. SpringerLink, https://link-sp ringer-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/article/10.1007/s10912-014-9272-x. Ensler, Eve. In the Body of the World: A Memoir of Cancer and Connection. Picador. 2013. Fallowfield, Lesly. “Can We Improve the Professional and Personal Fulfillment of Doctors in Cancer Medicine?” British Journal of Cancer, vol. 71, no. 6, 1995, pp. 1132-1133. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2033856/. Fayadh, Majeed Ismail. “The Aesthetics of Death in Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Journal of Al-Anbar University for Language and Literature, no.3, 2010, pp. 590-600. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=64115. Foucault, Michel. The Archeology of Knowledge. Translated by Sheridan Smith, Pantheon Books, 1972. ---. The History of Sexuality: Volume 1: An Introduction. Translated by Robert Hurley, Pantheon Books, 1978. ---. The Birth of the Clinic. Translated by A.M. Sheridan, Routledge, 2003. ---. Language, Counter-memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Edited by Donald F. Bouchard, translated by Donald F. Bouchard and Sherry Simon, Cornell UP, 1977. ---. Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Edited by Colin Gordon, translated by Colin Gordon et al., Pantheon Books, 1980. ---. Power: The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 3. Edited by James F. Faubion, translated by Robert Hurley, The New Press, 2001. ---. Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings, 1977-1984. Edited by Lawrence Kritzman, Routledge, 1990. ---. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridon, Vintage Book, 1995. Givhan, Jennifer. “Crossing the Language Barrier: Coalescing the Mind/Body Split and Embracing Kristeva’s Semiotic in Margaret Edson’s ‘Wit’.” Literary Criticism, vol. 32, 2009, pp. 77-81. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43897435&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43897435&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Guerra, Marc D. “Scientist, Scholar, Soul.” New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology & Society, no. 49, 2016, pp. 110-120. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=118400059&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Hartman, Lindsay. Holy Fear: The Battle for Holiness and Wholeness in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets. Dissertation, Franklin & Marshall College Library, 2013, https://dspace.fandm.edu/handle/11 016/23936. “Holy Sonnet 10.” Poetry for Students, edited by Marie Rose Napierkowski and Mary Ruby, vol. 2, 1998, pp. 102-114. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2691000018/GVRL?u=mcps_blair&sid=GVRL&xid=97276ca4. “Humanity.” Oxford English Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/humanity. “Inhumanity.” Oxford English Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/inhumanity. Klaver, Elizabeth. “A Mind-Body-Flesh Problem: The Case of Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Literary Criticism, vol. 45, 2004, pp. 659-83. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16016690&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16016690&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Kübler-Ross, Elizabeth. Questions and Answers on Death and Dying. MacMillan & Co Limited, 1974. Lawlor, Leonard and John Nale. The Cambridge Foucault Lexicon. Cambridge UP, 2014. Lamont, Rosette C. “Coma Versus Comma: John Donne’s Holy Sonnets in Edson’s Wit.” Massachusetts Review, vol. 40, 1999, p. 569. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=2814327&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=2814327&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Lange, Steven and Emily Lu. “The Medical Gaze: What Do Foucault and the French Revolution Have to Do with Modern Medicine.” In-Training, 5 Feb. 2014, http://in-training.org/medical-gaze-4170. Larson, Stephanie. “Wit — A Film Review, Analysis and Interview with Playwright Margaret Edson.” The Journal of Humanities in Rehabilitation, 8 Jul. 2015, https://scholarblogs.emory.edu/journalofhumanitiesinrehabilitation/2015/07/08/wit-a-film-review-analysis-and-interview-with-playwright-margaret-edson/. Liu, Chien-Chi. “A Dialogue between Literature and Medicine: Thanatological Concerns and Medical Ethics in Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Review of English and American Literature, vol. 11, 2007, pp. 143-64. Airiti Library, http://www.airitilibrary.com/Publication/alDetailedMesh?docid=10242856-200709-201107040015-201107040015-143-164. McNay, Lois. Foucault: A Critical Introduction. John Wiley and Sons, 2013. Newman, Harry. “Reading Metatheatre.” Shakespeare Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 1, 2018, pp. 89-110. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/shb.2018.0006. Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomith. “Margaret Edson’s Wit and the Art of Analogy.” Style, 2006, p. 346. Literature ResourceCenter, http://link.galegroup.com /apps/doc/A163198397/LitRC?u=canberra&sid=LitRC&xid=3616dd35. Rani, Bhargav. “Self-Reflexivity through Self-Reflectivity: The Play of Metatheatre in Jonson’s Comedies.” Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, vol. 3, no. 4, 2011, pp. 495-506. https://goo.gl/V6qG7y. Renner, Pamela. “Science and Sensibility.” American Theatre, vol. 16, iss. 4, Apr. 1999, p. 34. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true &db=a9h&AN=1724470&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Schantz, Maria L. “Compassion: A Concept Analysis.” Nursing forum, vol. 42, no. 2, 2007, pp.48-55. Wiley Online Library, https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2007.00067.x. Purdy, Simon. “Surveillance, Knowledge and Inequality: Understanding Power through Foucault and Beyond.” The Hilltop Review, vol. 8, no. 1, 2015, pp. 3-13. http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/hilltopreview/vol8/iss1/3. Shumway, David R. Michel Foucault. Twayne. 1989. Silver, Katie. “Embarrassment Makes Women Avoid Smear Tests, Charity Says.” BBC News, 22 Jan. 2018, http://www.bbc.com/news/health-42747892. Su, Chia-Yi. Medical Apparatuses above Humanity: A Study of Mary Chase’s Harvey and Margaret Edson’s Wit. Dissertation, National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan, 2011, http://hdl.handle.net/11296/2q7gtr. Sykes Jr, John D. “Wit, Pride and the Resurrection: Margaret Edson’s Play and John Donne’s Poetry.” Literary Criticism, vol. 55, 2003, p. 163. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9531865&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=9531865&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Taylor, Chloë. “Birth of Suicidal Subject: Nelly Arcan, Michel Foucault, and Voluntary Death.” Culture, Theory and Critique, vol. 52, iss. 2, 2015, pp. 187-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2014.937820. Vanhoutte, Jacqueline. “Cancer and the Common Woman in Margaret Edson’s W;t.” Comparative Drama, vol. 36, no. 3, 2002, p. 391-410. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=10227689&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. “Wit.” Drama for Students, edited by Elizabeth Thomason, vol. 13, 2001, pp. 327-51. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=nccu&v=2.1&it=r& id=GALE%7CCX2693800026&asid=bc1b77d59f4c57b5a7ac3f2d5d482778. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
103551011資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103551011 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Jiang, Tsui-Fen en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 林姿瑩 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Lin, Tzu-Ying en_US dc.creator (作者) 林姿瑩 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Lin, Tzu-Ying en_US dc.date (日期) 2018 en_US dc.date.accessioned 27-Jul-2018 11:16:31 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 27-Jul-2018 11:16:31 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-Jul-2018 11:16:31 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0103551011 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/118925 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 103551011 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 因為醫學研究的發展，人們能從癌症中痊癒；在過去，癌症很難被治癒。然而，醫療科學的發展也帶來醫學倫理的問題。例如：當醫生對一位病人進行實驗性治療時，他必須在科學與人性間取得平衡；當他的病人面臨死亡的時候，他必須考量誰有權力決定病人的生命是否延續下去。本論文使用米歇爾・傅科 (Michel Foucault) 的權力、知識和抵抗理論，分析艾德森的《睿智》，進而探討前述的議題。本論文認為在本劇中，克里凱恩醫生 (Harvey Kelekian) 與波斯納醫生 (Jason Posner) 使用他們的醫療知識以及醫療凝視(the medical gaze)，對是主角，也是病患的薇薇安 (Vivian Bearing) 施展其權力。本論文並論述對薇薇安進行實驗性治療時，他們罔顧人性，只在乎他們的研究結果。本論文也從傅柯抵抗理論的觀點說明，薇薇安最終抵抗她醫生們的不人道治療，並且奪回自己的生命自主權。 關鍵字：瑪格麗特・艾德森、《睿智》、米歇爾・傅柯、權力、知識、醫療凝視、抵抗 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) With the progress of medical research, people can recover from illness, such as cancer, which was not expected to be cured in the past. However, the growth of medical science also raises the issues of medical ethics. For instance, when a doctor prescribes an experimental treatment for a patient, he needs to reach a balance between science and humanity; he should consider who has autonomy over the patient’s life when the patient is dying. This thesis discusses the aforementioned issues by analyzing W;t, a play by Margaret Edson, using Michel Foucault’s theory of power, knowledge and resistance. This thesis argues that in the play, Dr. Harvey Kelekian and Dr. Jason Posner, use their medical knowledge and medical gaze to exercise power over the patient-protagonist Vivian Bearing, and when they prescribe an experimental treatment for her, they care only about their research outcome at the expense of humanity. This thesis also contends that from the perspective of Foucault’s theory of resistance, Vivian finally resists her doctors’ inhumane treatment to regain autonomy over her own life. Keywords: Margaret Edson, W;t, Michel Foucault, power, knowledge, the medical gaze, resistance en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents Chinese Abstract ……………………………………………………iv English Abstract ……………………………………………………v Chapter ……………………………………………………………………………1 1.Introduction …………………………………………………………1 2.Power and Knowledge in the Hospital …………………………17 3.Resistance in the Hospital …………………………………………………57 4.Conclusion …………………………………………………………………83 Works Cited ……………………………………………………………………89 zh_TW dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0103551011 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 瑪格麗特·艾德森 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《睿智》 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 米歇爾·傅柯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 權力 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 知識 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 醫療凝視 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 抵抗 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Margaret Edson en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) W;t en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Michel Foucault en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Power en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Knowledge en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The medical gaze en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Resistance en_US dc.title (題名) 艾德森《睿智》中的權力與抵抗 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Power and Resistance in Margaret Edson`s W;t en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works Cited Adams, Rachel. “Michel Foucault: Discourse.” Critical Legal Thinking, 17 Nov. 2017, http://criticallegalthinking.com/2017/11/17/michel-foucault-discourse/#fn-22957-3. Amanatullah, Derek F. “The Importance of a Physician’s Wit: A Critical Analysis of Science in Medicine.” Einstein Quarterly: Journal of Biology & Medicine, vol. 19, no. 3, 2002, pp. 139-43. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=11144334&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Blansfield, Karen C. “Atom and Eve: The Mating of Science and Humanism.” South Atlantic Review, vol. 68, no. 4, 2003, pp. 1-16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3201472. Bok, Sissela. “The Dilemmas of Euthanasia Arranged by Sissela Bok: Euthanasia and the Care of the Dying.” BioScience, vol. 23, no. 8, 1973, pp. 461-66. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1296605?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Carter, Betty. “An Interview with Margaret Edson.” Book& Culture: A Christian Review, 1998, http://www.booksandculture.com/articles/1999/sepoct/9 b5025.html?paging=off. “Code Team.” Mosby’s Medical Dictionary, https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/code+team. Cosby, Matt. “Wit Scene 1.” LitCharts, 2018, https://www.litcharts.com/lit/wit/scene-1. “Do Not Resuscitate.” U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000473.htm. Eads, Martha Greene. “Unwitting Redemption in Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Contemporary Literary Criticism, edited by Jeffrey W. Hunter, vol.199, 2005, pp. 241-54. Literature Resource Center, http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i. do?p =LitRC&sw=w&u=nccu&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CH1100062963&it= r&asid=93a6031f41328af51e8cd1adbc4ebe82. Edson, Margaret. W;t. Faber and Faber, 1999. Elliot, Michelle. “‘It Is Not Wit, It Is Truth:’ Transcending the Narrative Bounds of Professional and Personal Identity in Life and in Art.” Journal of Medical Humanities, vol. 37, no. 3, 2016, pp. 241-56. SpringerLink, https://link-sp ringer-com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/article/10.1007/s10912-014-9272-x. Ensler, Eve. In the Body of the World: A Memoir of Cancer and Connection. Picador. 2013. Fallowfield, Lesly. “Can We Improve the Professional and Personal Fulfillment of Doctors in Cancer Medicine?” British Journal of Cancer, vol. 71, no. 6, 1995, pp. 1132-1133. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2033856/. Fayadh, Majeed Ismail. “The Aesthetics of Death in Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Journal of Al-Anbar University for Language and Literature, no.3, 2010, pp. 590-600. https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=64115. Foucault, Michel. The Archeology of Knowledge. Translated by Sheridan Smith, Pantheon Books, 1972. ---. The History of Sexuality: Volume 1: An Introduction. Translated by Robert Hurley, Pantheon Books, 1978. ---. The Birth of the Clinic. Translated by A.M. Sheridan, Routledge, 2003. ---. Language, Counter-memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Edited by Donald F. Bouchard, translated by Donald F. Bouchard and Sherry Simon, Cornell UP, 1977. ---. Power/ Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972-1977. Edited by Colin Gordon, translated by Colin Gordon et al., Pantheon Books, 1980. ---. Power: The Essential Works of Foucault, 1954-1984, Vol. 3. Edited by James F. Faubion, translated by Robert Hurley, The New Press, 2001. ---. Politics, Philosophy, Culture: Interviews and Other Writings, 1977-1984. Edited by Lawrence Kritzman, Routledge, 1990. ---. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Translated by Alan Sheridon, Vintage Book, 1995. Givhan, Jennifer. “Crossing the Language Barrier: Coalescing the Mind/Body Split and Embracing Kristeva’s Semiotic in Margaret Edson’s ‘Wit’.” Literary Criticism, vol. 32, 2009, pp. 77-81. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43897435&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=43897435&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Guerra, Marc D. “Scientist, Scholar, Soul.” New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology & Society, no. 49, 2016, pp. 110-120. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=118400059&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Hartman, Lindsay. Holy Fear: The Battle for Holiness and Wholeness in John Donne’s Holy Sonnets. Dissertation, Franklin & Marshall College Library, 2013, https://dspace.fandm.edu/handle/11 016/23936. “Holy Sonnet 10.” Poetry for Students, edited by Marie Rose Napierkowski and Mary Ruby, vol. 2, 1998, pp. 102-114. Gale Virtual Reference Library, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2691000018/GVRL?u=mcps_blair&sid=GVRL&xid=97276ca4. “Humanity.” Oxford English Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/humanity. “Inhumanity.” Oxford English Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/inhumanity. Klaver, Elizabeth. “A Mind-Body-Flesh Problem: The Case of Margaret Edson’s Wit.” Literary Criticism, vol. 45, 2004, pp. 659-83. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16016690&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=16016690&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Kübler-Ross, Elizabeth. Questions and Answers on Death and Dying. MacMillan & Co Limited, 1974. Lawlor, Leonard and John Nale. The Cambridge Foucault Lexicon. Cambridge UP, 2014. Lamont, Rosette C. “Coma Versus Comma: John Donne’s Holy Sonnets in Edson’s Wit.” Massachusetts Review, vol. 40, 1999, p. 569. EBSCOhost, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=2814327&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-livehttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=2814327&lang=zh-tw&site=ehost-live. Lange, Steven and Emily Lu. “The Medical Gaze: What Do Foucault and the French Revolution Have to Do with Modern Medicine.” In-Training, 5 Feb. 2014, http://in-training.org/medical-gaze-4170. 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