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題名 通路結構對電子商務應用決策影響之探索性硏究-以國內資訊產品市場為例
作者 彭鴻川
貢獻者 別蓮蒂
彭鴻川
日期 2002
上傳時間 27-Sep-2018 14:25:04 (UTC+8)
摘要 製造商與通路商之間始終存在著既合作又競爭的關係,因此,通路權力、通路控制及通路衝突的議題一直受到實務界及學術界的多方關注。近來,多數學者以關係的觀點探討通路關係的研究,一些學者從信任及承諾理論的觀點討論雙方的合作行為但對於日趨頻繁與重要的網際網路於行銷通路上所扮演之角色,並未有太多的著墨。因此,本研究的重點即是針對國內電子資訊廠商,探討通路結構對電子商務應用決策之影響。
經由相關的文獻探討,本研究歸納出從通路結構及通路權利的觀點,以及近來利用關係行銷和信任及承諾理論的觀點,探討製造商與通路廠商對於電子商務應用決策之考慮。其次,本研究透過對於國內資訊電子業內包括製造商與通路廠商之深入訪談與調查,探討企業對於電子商務投資的看法,得到以下的結論:
1. 銷通路階層數目、通路密度愈高以及與通路的相對權力程度高之廠商,其投入電子商
務應用之意願愈高。
2. 通路依賴程度高之廠商,對於投入電子商務應用之意願呈現兩極化發展,並傾向於立
即投入B2B之電子商務應用。
3. 廠商的主要客戶比重高,或對於現有通路合作夥伴關係信任程度以及對通路之承諾較
高的廠商,因為對於投入電子商務應用之顧慮較多因此投入之意願較低,傾向限於投
入B2B的電子商務應用的發展。
根據研究發現,本研究建議:
1. 製造商及品牌原廠的行銷通路階層數目往往較多層,因此通路密度愈高之廠商,對於
可能之應用方案皆保持持續之評估外,則可能必須慎重考慮涉入B2C應用發展之影
響與可能的衝擊;若是本身通路的相對權力程度高,為了後續發展預作準備為考慮,可以思量對於投入電子商務應用的方式較為多樣化嘗試的可能性,同時發展其他各種可能之應用。
2. 代理商及配銷商中經營效率較高者之通路密度往往也愈高,對於可能之應用方案保持
持續評估的同時,可能要特別慎重衡量涉入B2C應用發展可能的衝擊;若同時亦為
通路依賴程度高之廠商,立即投入B2B之電子商務應用的決策則需先行考慮,對於
其他應用發展的決策考慮,則與本身是否有足夠的實力與把握的情況下,考慮本身的主要客戶比重、與現有通路合作夥伴關係的信任程度、對通路之承諾程度等因素來決定是否繼續深化各項通路相關的佈局。
3. 最後,加值經銷商呈現主要客戶比重高的情形,由於往往對於現有通路合作夥伴關係
信任程度也高,傾向認為長期合作關係的可信任程度高,於是主要必須考慮投入B2B
電子商務應用的發展,對於投入電子商務應用可能造成的影響之顧慮應該是較多,傾向維護現有的關係與約定,以及和客戶之間的後續合作程度,於是對於額外可能干擾
到原先約定的因素,在衡量各方條件與可能之影響評估的情況下,遂自然考慮以B2B為優先或唯一的應用發展,建議仍必須基於主要業務內容、組織特長與客戶需要,同時考慮投入成為應用服務供應商(ASP)的角色與業務發展。
參考文獻 一、中文部分
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2.吳怡靜譯,「流通業化敵為友」,天下雜誌,民國八十七年四月,pp.218-222。
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13. Frazier, Gray L. (1995), “Exchange Relationships and Interfirm Power in Channels of Distribution,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), pp.321-326.
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16. Geyskens, J., J.-B. E. M. Steenkamp, and L. K. Scheer (1996), “The Effects of Trust and Interdependence on Relationship Commitment: A Trans- Atlantic Study,” International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13, pp.303-307.
17. Gilliland, David I. and Daniel C. Bello (2002), “Two Sides to Attitudinal Commitment:The Effect of Calculative and Loyalty Commitment on Enforcement Mechanisms in Distribution Channels,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(1), pp.24-43.
18. Hart, P. J. and C. S. Saunders (1998), “Emerging Electronic Partnerships: Antecedents and Dimensions of EDI Use from the Supplier’s Perspective,” Journal of Management Information Systems, 14(4), pp.87-111.
19. Jap, Sandy D. and Shankar Ganesan (2000), “Control Mechanisms and the Relationship Life Cycle: Implications for Safeguarding Specific Investments and Developing Commitment,” Journal of Marketing Research, 37(May). pp.227-245.
20. Joshi, Ashwin W. and Rodney L. Stump (1999), “The Contingent Effect of Specific Asset Investments on Joint Action in Manufacturer-Supplier Relationships: An Empirical Test of the Moderating Role of Reciprocal Asset Investments, Uncertainty, and Trust,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(3), pp.291-305.
21. Kotler, Philip (1997), Marketing Management, Upper Saddle River: New Jersey.
22. Kumar, Nirmalya (1996), “The Power of Trust in Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships,” Harvard Business Review on Managing the Value Chain, pp.91-126.
23. Lewicki, R. J. and B. B. Bunker (1995), “Trust in Relationships: A Model of Development and Decline,” In B. B. Bunker, J. Z. Rubin, and Associates (Eds.), Conflict, Cooperation, and Justice: Essay Inspired by the Work of Morton Deutsch, pp.133-174, san Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
24. Martin, Roberick (1971), “The Concept of Power: A Critical Defense,” British Journal of Sociology, Vol.22 (September), pp.241, 245-246.
25. Mathieu, J. E. and D. M. Zajac (1990), “A Review and Meta-analysis of the Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences of Organizational Commitment,” Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), pp.171-194.
26. Mayer, R. C., J. H. Davis, and F. D. Schoorman (1995), “An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust,” Academy of Management Review, 20(3), pp.709-734.
27. Moorman, C., R. Deshpande, and G. Zaltman (1993), “Factors Affecting Trust in Market research Relationships,” Journal of Marketing, 57(1), pp.81-101.
28. Morgan, R. M. and S. D. Hunt (1994), “The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing,” Journal of Marketing, 58(July), pp.20-38.
29. Nevin, John R. (1995), “Relationship Marketing and Distribution Channels: Exploring Fundamental Issues,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), pp.327-334.
30. Pelton, Lou. E., David Strutton, and James R. Lumpkin (1997), Marketing Channels, NJ: McGraw-Hill
31. Roberts, John H. (2000), “Developing New Rules for New Markets,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1). pp.31-44.
32. Bert, Rosenbloom (1973), “Conflict and Channel Effeciency: Some Conceptual Models for the Decision-Maker,” Journal of Marketing, Vol.37 (July), pp.26-30.
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34. Stern, Louis W., Adel I. El-Ansary, and James R. Brown (1989), Management in Marketing Channels, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
35. Venkatraman, N. (1989), “The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence,” Academy of Management Review, 14(3), pp.423-444.
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描述 碩士
國立政治大學
企業管理學系
90
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV4522012
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 別蓮蒂
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 彭鴻川
dc.creator (作者) 彭鴻川
dc.date (日期) 2002
dc.date.accessioned 27-Sep-2018 14:25:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 27-Sep-2018 14:25:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 27-Sep-2018 14:25:04 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/120176-
dc.description (描述) 碩士
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學
dc.description (描述) 企業管理學系
dc.description (描述) 90
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 製造商與通路商之間始終存在著既合作又競爭的關係,因此,通路權力、通路控制及通路衝突的議題一直受到實務界及學術界的多方關注。近來,多數學者以關係的觀點探討通路關係的研究,一些學者從信任及承諾理論的觀點討論雙方的合作行為但對於日趨頻繁與重要的網際網路於行銷通路上所扮演之角色,並未有太多的著墨。因此,本研究的重點即是針對國內電子資訊廠商,探討通路結構對電子商務應用決策之影響。
經由相關的文獻探討,本研究歸納出從通路結構及通路權利的觀點,以及近來利用關係行銷和信任及承諾理論的觀點,探討製造商與通路廠商對於電子商務應用決策之考慮。其次,本研究透過對於國內資訊電子業內包括製造商與通路廠商之深入訪談與調查,探討企業對於電子商務投資的看法,得到以下的結論:
1. 銷通路階層數目、通路密度愈高以及與通路的相對權力程度高之廠商,其投入電子商
務應用之意願愈高。
2. 通路依賴程度高之廠商,對於投入電子商務應用之意願呈現兩極化發展,並傾向於立
即投入B2B之電子商務應用。
3. 廠商的主要客戶比重高,或對於現有通路合作夥伴關係信任程度以及對通路之承諾較
高的廠商,因為對於投入電子商務應用之顧慮較多因此投入之意願較低,傾向限於投
入B2B的電子商務應用的發展。
根據研究發現,本研究建議:
1. 製造商及品牌原廠的行銷通路階層數目往往較多層,因此通路密度愈高之廠商,對於
可能之應用方案皆保持持續之評估外,則可能必須慎重考慮涉入B2C應用發展之影
響與可能的衝擊;若是本身通路的相對權力程度高,為了後續發展預作準備為考慮,可以思量對於投入電子商務應用的方式較為多樣化嘗試的可能性,同時發展其他各種可能之應用。
2. 代理商及配銷商中經營效率較高者之通路密度往往也愈高,對於可能之應用方案保持
持續評估的同時,可能要特別慎重衡量涉入B2C應用發展可能的衝擊;若同時亦為
通路依賴程度高之廠商,立即投入B2B之電子商務應用的決策則需先行考慮,對於
其他應用發展的決策考慮,則與本身是否有足夠的實力與把握的情況下,考慮本身的主要客戶比重、與現有通路合作夥伴關係的信任程度、對通路之承諾程度等因素來決定是否繼續深化各項通路相關的佈局。
3. 最後,加值經銷商呈現主要客戶比重高的情形,由於往往對於現有通路合作夥伴關係
信任程度也高,傾向認為長期合作關係的可信任程度高,於是主要必須考慮投入B2B
電子商務應用的發展,對於投入電子商務應用可能造成的影響之顧慮應該是較多,傾向維護現有的關係與約定,以及和客戶之間的後續合作程度,於是對於額外可能干擾
到原先約定的因素,在衡量各方條件與可能之影響評估的情況下,遂自然考慮以B2B為優先或唯一的應用發展,建議仍必須基於主要業務內容、組織特長與客戶需要,同時考慮投入成為應用服務供應商(ASP)的角色與業務發展。
dc.description.tableofcontents 摘要Ⅰ
表目錄Ⅴ
圖目錄Ⅵ
第壹章 緒論1
第一節 研究背景1
第二節 研究動機3
第三節 研究目的4
第四節 研究流程5
第貳章 文獻探討7
第一節 行銷通路基本概念7
第二節 行銷通路之結構10
第三節 通路權力的意義與來源13
第四節 通路的依存關係15
第五節 通路控制力與行銷通路衝突19
第六節 關係行銷的觀點23
第參章 研究方法29
第一節 觀念性研究架構29
第二節 個案研究方法30
第三節 研究樣本之選擇30
第四節 資料蒐集方式32
第五節 研究變數32
第肆章 個案描述35
第一節 個案一35
第二節 個案二38
第三節 個案三40
第四節 個案四43
第五節 個案五45
第六節 個案六47
第七節 個案七49
第八節 個案八51
第九節 個案九54
第十節 個案十58
第十一節 個案十一60
第十二節 個案十二62
第十三節 個案十三65
第十四節 個案十四67
第十五節 個案十五69
第十六節 個案十六72
第十七節 個案整理與分析75
第伍章 命題推導與發展77
第一節 通路結構與控制力觀點之相關命題推導78
第二節 觀係行銷觀點之相關命題推導81
第陸章 結論與未來研究方向83
第一節 研究結論83
第二節 研究建議85
第三節 後續研究建議86
參考文獻87
附錄A:訪談大綱90
附錄B:問卷91
附錄C:問卷調查之基本資料96
附錄D:問卷調查之相關資料分析91
表目錄
表1-1-1全球上網人口與電子商務交易值2
表2-2-1影響通路結構之因素11
表2-6-1產生信任的因素24
表2-6-2權力與信任26
表3-3-1受訪公司及人員一覽表31
表4-17-1個案之變數程度整理74
附錄表C-1有效樣本之經營型態分配表96
附錄表C-2有效樣本之資本額分配表96
附錄表C-3有效樣本之員工人數分配表96
附錄表C-4有效樣本之2000年營業額分配表97
附錄表C-5有效樣本之品類數分配表97
附錄表C-6有效樣本之品項數分配表97
附錄表C-7有效樣本之通路長度分配表99
附錄表C-8有效樣本之客戶數分配表99
附錄表D-1各類電子商務模式與廠商類型交叉分析表101
附錄表D-2資訊產業硬體廠商電子商投資決策者分配表101
附錄表D-2資訊產業硬體廠商投資電子商務態度分配表101
附錄表D-3廠商投資電子商務的態度與廠商類型交叉分析表102
附錄表D-4廠商投資電子商務的態度與廠商資本額規模交叉分析表102
附錄表D-5資訊產業硬體廠商認為未來網路銷售業務比重分配表102
附錄表D-6廠商投資電子商務各項益處分配之特徵值103
附錄表D-7各因素解釋變異104
附錄表D-8 Varimax轉軸後之因素負荷矩陣105
附錄表D-9各因素名稱與各變項對照表106
圖目錄
圖1-1-1 PC與Internet為人們採用的速度2
圖1-5-1本研究之流程6
圖2-1-1行銷通路內的功能與流程9
圖2-2-1消費品通路結構10
圖2-4-1組織環境構面間之關係16
圖2-4-2製造商與配銷商平衡關係17
圖2-5-1通路衝突的類型21
圖3-1-1觀念性研究架構圖29
圖5-1-1命題關係77
附錄圖C-1有效樣本產品價格分佈長條圖98
附錄圖C-2有效樣本產品品牌分佈長條圖98
附錄圖D-1資訊產業硬體廠商各類電子商務投資現況長條圖100
附錄圖D-2各類型廠商採用網路銷售對其他類型廠商的影響107
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dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G91NCCV4522012
dc.title (題名) 通路結構對電子商務應用決策影響之探索性硏究-以國內資訊產品市場為例
dc.type (資料類型) thesis
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) 一、中文部分
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2.吳怡靜譯,「流通業化敵為友」,天下雜誌,民國八十七年四月,pp.218-222。
3.洪順慶(民88),行銷管理,台北:新陸書局股份有限公司。
4.樂為良譯(民88),比爾•蓋茲(Bill Gates)著,數位神經網路(原名”Business@The Speed of Thought:Using a Digital Nervous System"),台北:商業周刊出版股份有限公司。
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