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題名 亨利詹姆斯的場所之愛：《奉史記》安家在巴黎
Henry James’ Topophilia: Homing in Paris in The Ambassadors作者 周容蘋
Chou, Jung-Ping貢獻者 許立欣
Hsu, Li-Hsin
周容蘋
Chou, Jung-Ping關鍵詞 亨利詹姆斯
奉史記
場所之愛
史垂則
漫遊者
班雅明
巴舍拉
段義孚
儀式理論
巴黎
Henry James
The Ambassadors
Topophilia
Lambert Strether
Flâneur
Walter Benjamin
Gaston Bachelard
Yi-fu Tuan
Rites of passage
Paris日期 2019 上傳時間 5-Mar-2019 09:50:48 (UTC+8) 摘要 本論文藉由剖析詹姆斯小說《奉史記》之中年男主角路易斯史垂則，研討亨利詹姆斯的場所之愛﹙topophilia﹚。學界研究詹姆斯之作品，慣常將討論聚焦於詹姆斯本人對巴黎文化及社群之疏離感；歸諸於作者本身以浪漫觀光客角度觀看歐美文化差異等範疇。雖論點眾多，但卻忽略將詹姆斯本人早期遊歷歐洲諸國之情感空間經驗，與其虛構人物間連結做一探討，有狹隘與簡化之疑。因此，本文意旨在解析詹姆斯與史垂則之場所與其情感連結：剖析層面針對此小說背景：巴黎的室外空間，室內空間及中間過渡場所。同時揭露史垂則對人性複雜度的深度視角。第一章緒論，首先作文獻回顧，爬梳學術領域如何觀看詹姆斯的文學作品。介紹研究背景理論，包括巴舍拉的原初的家 ﹙primitive home﹚，段義孚對場所之愛的概念定義，班雅明的漫遊者﹙flâneur﹚，及特納的儀式理論文本溯源。第二章回顧檢驗詹姆斯的遊記及文獻，審視其如何將家的概念與其寰宇主義意識間作連結；並且經由探討史垂則在巴黎的空間經驗，展示詹姆斯本人的場所之愛。史垂則對巴黎之熟悉親切感來自於比較兩地:置身在美國故鄉與其在擁有萬花筒般影像之巴黎的多元文化差異而得獲。接續二章將解析在此小說中，史垂則如何在三大主要場域獲得其安家感知經驗：史垂則之室外空間漫步經驗，此小說中主要角色居住之室內空間、及包括花園、陽台、及巴黎近郊等中間過渡空間。尾章為結論，提供本研究之發現與貢獻。本研究得出結論，大都會巴黎對史垂則來說不僅是一個原初的家，並且展示巴黎為其情感空間感知及意涵重拾年輕活力之隱喻空間。史垂則於巴黎之空間乃其生命過渡時期的閾限空間﹙liminal space﹚，實際乃詹姆斯刻畫及反映史垂則延遲成熟期之自我覺察。如同史垂則在巴黎朗必列畫家之印象畫風法國田園畫中感知之內在和諧。無論其未來遊歷置身何處，藉由運用其在巴黎場域中感知的空間意象與靈感啟發，經由自身心靈覺察與感知能力，史垂則將可安家在任何地方。
This thesis will scrutinize Henry James’ topophilia and how his homely intimacy is associated with his protagonist Lewis Lambert Strether’s in The Ambassadors (1903) by examining the process of their homing in Paris. Some researches focus on the investigation of Strether’s sense of alienation from Parisian community as well as his romantic tourist vision. This thesis seeks, alternatively, to explore both the emotional bonds of James and Strether between people and place in association with the interplay between the interior, the exterior, and the intermediate places in Paris in this novel. Meanwhile, his penetrative insight into human complexities is excavated. The introductory chapter will explore the notion of “homing” by elucidating Gaston Bachelard’s notion of “primitive home,” Yi-fu Tuan’s conceptualization of topophilia, Walter Benjamin’s ideas of the flâneur and Victor Turner’s perspective of the “rites of passage.” Chapter Two will render an overall investigation of James’ travelogue and records. By investigating James’ concept of home in relation to cosmopolitanism, I will show how the notion of topophilia is manifested in James’ The Ambassadors and some of his autobiographical writings. Strether’s intimate sense of familiarity with Paris is achieved through discovering the cultural differences between America and France in the kaleidoscopic “Parisian fairyland.” The following are two chapters analyzing Strether’s perceptional experiences of homing in different spaces in Paris in The Ambassadors: the exterior where Strether strolled, the dwellings of the major characters in this novel, and the intermediate spaces including garden and balcony scenes, and the suburbs of Paris. Chapter Three will probe Strether’s growing sense of intimacy with Paris by investigating his walking experiences through the cityscape. Chapter Four will examine the interior spaces of these major characters, focusing especially on Madame Marie de Vionnet’s luxurious dwelling with historical objects, and Miss Maria Gostrey’s rooms filled with many personal collections. I will look at the intermediate spaces including the balcony of the Pococks’ hotel overlooking the Rue de Rivoli, the Italian sculptor’s exotic garden in Paris, and the rural site in the suburb of Paris where Strether makes excursions and obtains his “belated vision” after detecting the lies of Marie and Chad. The final chapter concludes that the metropolitan Paris is not only a metaphoric space for Strether’s “primitive home” but also a “rite of passage” where Strether experiences a marginal/ “liminal” status. Strether’s spatial experiences in the Parisian “fairyland” are actually his self-discovery of his postponed maturity. Like the harmony of what Strether finds in the French painter Lambinet’s painting of the picturesque landscape, wherever he goes in the future, by an exertion of the mind, he may home “elsewhere” by recalling these spatial images in Paris.參考文獻 Works CitedBachelard, Gaston. La poetique de l’espace [The Poetics of Space]. Presses Universitaires de France, 1958. Translated by Maria Jolas, Orion P, 1964.Baudelaire, Charles. “The Painter of Modern Life,” The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, translated and edited by Jonathan Mayne, Phaidon P, 2003, pp. 1+. Columbia.edu. www.columbia.edu/itc/architecture/ockman/pdfs/dossier_4/Baudelaire.pdf.Benjamin, Walter. Berlin Childhood around 1900. Translated by Howard Eiland and with an Introduction by Peter Szondi, Harvard UP, 2006.——. One-Way Street and Other Writings. Translated by Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter, NLB P, 1979.——. Passagen-Werk [The Arcades Project]. Translated by Howard Eiland and Kevin MeLaughlin, and edited by Rolf Tiedemann, Belknap-Howard UP, 1999.——. “The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire.” Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn, Verso Editions, 1983, pp. 35-66.Bennett, Katy. “Telling Tales: Nostalgia, Collective Identity and an Ex-Mining Village.” Emotion, Place and Culture, edited by Mick Smith, et al., Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2009, pp.187-205.Brooks, Peter. Henry James Goes to Paris. Princeton UP, 2007.Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. MIT P, 1989.Cargill, Oscar. “The Ambassadors: A New View.” Modern Language Association, vol. 75, no. 4, Sep. 1960, pp. 439-52. JSTOR, doi: 10.2307/460607.Davidson, Joyce, et al. “Embodying Emotion Sensing Space: Introducing Emotional Geographies.” Social and Cultural Geography, vol. 5, no. 4, 2004. Routledge.Davis, Fred. Yearning for Yesterday, A Sociology of Nostalgia. The Free P, 1979.Fussell, Edwin Sill. The French Side of Henry James. New York: Columbia UP, 1990.Hanssen, Beatrice, editor. Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Continuum, 2006.James, Henry. A little Tour in France. Electronic Classics Series. Edited by Jim Manis, Pennsylvania State U, 2008.——. “A Small Boy and Others.” Henry James: Autobiography. Edited by F. W. Dupee, Criterion Book, 1956, pp. 3-236. Archive Org.——. “Occasional Paris.” Portraits of Places. Macmillan And Co., 1883. Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. 75-95.——. Parisian Sketches: Letters to the New York Tribune 1875-1876. Edited and with an introduction by Leon Edel and Ilse Dusoir Lind, New York UP, 1957. Archive Org.——. The Ambassadors. 1903. Preface by Henry James. Edited and with an introduction by Christopher Butler. 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 2008.——. “The Art of Fiction.” Virgil Org. virgil.org/dswo/courses/novel/james-fiction.pdf.——. The Art of Travel. Edited and with an introduction by Morton Dauwen Zabel, Doubleday & Company Inc., 1958. Archive Org.Landau, John. “The Story of the Story: The Ambassadors.” A Thing Divided: Representation in the Late Novels of Henry James. Associated UP, 1996, pp. 56-77.Michael, Mary Kyle. “Henry James’ Use of the Word Wonderful in The Ambassadors.” Modern Language Notes, vol. 75, no. 2, Feb. 1960, pp. 114-17. JSTOR, doi: 10.2307/3039829.Nilsen, Micheline. “Haussmann and The Railways.” Railways and the Western European Capitals: Studies of Implantation in London, Paris, Berlin, and Brussels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, pp. 69-80.Oltean, Roxana. “From Romance to Redemption.” Henry James’ Europe: Heritage and Transfer. Edited by Dennis Tredy et al. Open Book Publishers, 2011, pp. 17-38.Oxford Reference Library. Oxford Reference. Oxford UP, 2018. “Constantin Guys.” www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095913518.Porter, Carolyn. “Henry James: Visionary Being.” Seeing and Being: The Plight of the Participant Observer in Emerson, James, Adams, and Faulkner. Wesleyan UP, 1986, pp. 121-64.Righter, William. American Memory in Henry James: Void and Value. Edited by Rosemary Righter, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2004.Tuan, Yi-Fu. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1974.Turner, W. Victor. “Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage,” pp. 46+. zh.scribd.com/document/150017372/Betwixt-and-Between-The-Liminal-Period-in-Rites-de-Passage-pdf.Urry, John. “Time and Space in the Consumption of Place.” Consuming Places. Routledge, 1994, pp. 1-30.Walker, Pierre A., and Greg W. Zacharias, editors. The Complete Letter of Henry James, 1855-1872. Introduction by Alfred Habegger, U of Nebraska P, 2006, vol. 2. 描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
1015510091資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1015510091 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 許立欣 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Hsu, Li-Hsin en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 周容蘋 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Chou, Jung-Ping en_US dc.creator (作者) 周容蘋 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Chou, Jung-Ping en_US dc.date (日期) 2019 en_US dc.date.accessioned 5-Mar-2019 09:50:48 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 5-Mar-2019 09:50:48 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 5-Mar-2019 09:50:48 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G1015510091 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/122413 - dc.description (描述) 碩士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 1015510091 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 本論文藉由剖析詹姆斯小說《奉史記》之中年男主角路易斯史垂則，研討亨利詹姆斯的場所之愛﹙topophilia﹚。學界研究詹姆斯之作品，慣常將討論聚焦於詹姆斯本人對巴黎文化及社群之疏離感；歸諸於作者本身以浪漫觀光客角度觀看歐美文化差異等範疇。雖論點眾多，但卻忽略將詹姆斯本人早期遊歷歐洲諸國之情感空間經驗，與其虛構人物間連結做一探討，有狹隘與簡化之疑。因此，本文意旨在解析詹姆斯與史垂則之場所與其情感連結：剖析層面針對此小說背景：巴黎的室外空間，室內空間及中間過渡場所。同時揭露史垂則對人性複雜度的深度視角。第一章緒論，首先作文獻回顧，爬梳學術領域如何觀看詹姆斯的文學作品。介紹研究背景理論，包括巴舍拉的原初的家 ﹙primitive home﹚，段義孚對場所之愛的概念定義，班雅明的漫遊者﹙flâneur﹚，及特納的儀式理論文本溯源。第二章回顧檢驗詹姆斯的遊記及文獻，審視其如何將家的概念與其寰宇主義意識間作連結；並且經由探討史垂則在巴黎的空間經驗，展示詹姆斯本人的場所之愛。史垂則對巴黎之熟悉親切感來自於比較兩地:置身在美國故鄉與其在擁有萬花筒般影像之巴黎的多元文化差異而得獲。接續二章將解析在此小說中，史垂則如何在三大主要場域獲得其安家感知經驗：史垂則之室外空間漫步經驗，此小說中主要角色居住之室內空間、及包括花園、陽台、及巴黎近郊等中間過渡空間。尾章為結論，提供本研究之發現與貢獻。本研究得出結論，大都會巴黎對史垂則來說不僅是一個原初的家，並且展示巴黎為其情感空間感知及意涵重拾年輕活力之隱喻空間。史垂則於巴黎之空間乃其生命過渡時期的閾限空間﹙liminal space﹚，實際乃詹姆斯刻畫及反映史垂則延遲成熟期之自我覺察。如同史垂則在巴黎朗必列畫家之印象畫風法國田園畫中感知之內在和諧。無論其未來遊歷置身何處，藉由運用其在巴黎場域中感知的空間意象與靈感啟發，經由自身心靈覺察與感知能力，史垂則將可安家在任何地方。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis will scrutinize Henry James’ topophilia and how his homely intimacy is associated with his protagonist Lewis Lambert Strether’s in The Ambassadors (1903) by examining the process of their homing in Paris. Some researches focus on the investigation of Strether’s sense of alienation from Parisian community as well as his romantic tourist vision. This thesis seeks, alternatively, to explore both the emotional bonds of James and Strether between people and place in association with the interplay between the interior, the exterior, and the intermediate places in Paris in this novel. Meanwhile, his penetrative insight into human complexities is excavated. The introductory chapter will explore the notion of “homing” by elucidating Gaston Bachelard’s notion of “primitive home,” Yi-fu Tuan’s conceptualization of topophilia, Walter Benjamin’s ideas of the flâneur and Victor Turner’s perspective of the “rites of passage.” Chapter Two will render an overall investigation of James’ travelogue and records. By investigating James’ concept of home in relation to cosmopolitanism, I will show how the notion of topophilia is manifested in James’ The Ambassadors and some of his autobiographical writings. Strether’s intimate sense of familiarity with Paris is achieved through discovering the cultural differences between America and France in the kaleidoscopic “Parisian fairyland.” The following are two chapters analyzing Strether’s perceptional experiences of homing in different spaces in Paris in The Ambassadors: the exterior where Strether strolled, the dwellings of the major characters in this novel, and the intermediate spaces including garden and balcony scenes, and the suburbs of Paris. Chapter Three will probe Strether’s growing sense of intimacy with Paris by investigating his walking experiences through the cityscape. Chapter Four will examine the interior spaces of these major characters, focusing especially on Madame Marie de Vionnet’s luxurious dwelling with historical objects, and Miss Maria Gostrey’s rooms filled with many personal collections. I will look at the intermediate spaces including the balcony of the Pococks’ hotel overlooking the Rue de Rivoli, the Italian sculptor’s exotic garden in Paris, and the rural site in the suburb of Paris where Strether makes excursions and obtains his “belated vision” after detecting the lies of Marie and Chad. The final chapter concludes that the metropolitan Paris is not only a metaphoric space for Strether’s “primitive home” but also a “rite of passage” where Strether experiences a marginal/ “liminal” status. Strether’s spatial experiences in the Parisian “fairyland” are actually his self-discovery of his postponed maturity. Like the harmony of what Strether finds in the French painter Lambinet’s painting of the picturesque landscape, wherever he goes in the future, by an exertion of the mind, he may home “elsewhere” by recalling these spatial images in Paris. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Table of ContentsDedication iiiAcknowledgement ivChinese Abstract viiEnglish Abstract ixChapter 1 Introduction 11.1 The Plot of The Ambassadors 11.2 Critical Background and Purpose of the Study 21.3 Theoretical Framework 31.4 Chapter Structure 5Chapter 2 Henry James’ Topophilia 112.1 Emotional Geographers’ Discussions of Home and Topophilia 132.2 James’ Topophilia in Nineteenth-Century Paris 152.2.1 James’ Spatial Observances 152.2.2 James’ Reading of Spaces 162.2.3 James’ “Dream-Adventure” in Paris 172.3 Homely Intimacy and a Distant World 222.3.1 Homely Intimacy and James as a Cosmopolite 242.3.2 Benjamin’s Homing in a Distant world 272.4 A Cosmopolite Homing Elsewhere 28Chapter 3 Walking in Paris 333.1 The Context of the Benjaminian Flâneur 333.1.1 Baudelaire as “The Man of the Crowd” 343.1.2 The Street as Home 373.1.3 “The Lover of Universal Life” 403.2 Paris, the City for the Flâneur 423.2.1 Renovation of Paris 423.2.2 Benjamin’s Cosmopolitan Paris, “A World in Miniature” 453.2.3 James’ Impression of a Brilliant City 473.3 Lambert Strether’s Walking as Homing 493.3.1 Strether’s Topophilic Feeling of “Freshness” 493.3.2 Paris as the “Vast Bright Babylon” for Strether 533.3.3 Strether’s Enjoyment of Homely Detachment 563.3.4 Strether’s Belated Youth 57Chapter 4 The Collectors, the Interior, and Intermediate Space 634.1 Collecting as Homing 644.2 The Collectors in The Ambassadors 674.2.1 Miss Maria Gostrey’s Crowded Rooms 684.2.2 Madame Marie de Vionnet’s Old Grand Mansion 724.3 The Interior 754.3.1 Chad Newsome’s Apartment on Boulevard Malesherbes 754.3.2 Little Bilham’s Shabby Place 764.4 Intermediate Space 794.4.1 The Balcony 794.4.2 The Fantastic Garden of the Italian Sculptor Gloriani 814.4.3 French Ruralism 87Chapter 5 Conclusion 91Works Cited 97 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1685268 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G1015510091 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 亨利詹姆斯 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 奉史記 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 場所之愛 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 史垂則 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 漫遊者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 班雅明 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴舍拉 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 段義孚 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 儀式理論 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 巴黎 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Henry James en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Ambassadors en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Topophilia en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Lambert Strether en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Flâneur en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Walter Benjamin en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Gaston Bachelard en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Yi-fu Tuan en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Rites of passage en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Paris en_US dc.title (題名) 亨利詹姆斯的場所之愛：《奉史記》安家在巴黎 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Henry James’ Topophilia: Homing in Paris in The Ambassadors en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works CitedBachelard, Gaston. La poetique de l’espace [The Poetics of Space]. Presses Universitaires de France, 1958. Translated by Maria Jolas, Orion P, 1964.Baudelaire, Charles. “The Painter of Modern Life,” The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays, translated and edited by Jonathan Mayne, Phaidon P, 2003, pp. 1+. Columbia.edu. www.columbia.edu/itc/architecture/ockman/pdfs/dossier_4/Baudelaire.pdf.Benjamin, Walter. Berlin Childhood around 1900. Translated by Howard Eiland and with an Introduction by Peter Szondi, Harvard UP, 2006.——. One-Way Street and Other Writings. Translated by Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter, NLB P, 1979.——. Passagen-Werk [The Arcades Project]. Translated by Howard Eiland and Kevin MeLaughlin, and edited by Rolf Tiedemann, Belknap-Howard UP, 1999.——. “The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire.” Charles Baudelaire: A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Translated by Harry Zohn, Verso Editions, 1983, pp. 35-66.Bennett, Katy. “Telling Tales: Nostalgia, Collective Identity and an Ex-Mining Village.” Emotion, Place and Culture, edited by Mick Smith, et al., Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2009, pp.187-205.Brooks, Peter. Henry James Goes to Paris. Princeton UP, 2007.Buck-Morss, Susan. The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project. MIT P, 1989.Cargill, Oscar. “The Ambassadors: A New View.” Modern Language Association, vol. 75, no. 4, Sep. 1960, pp. 439-52. JSTOR, doi: 10.2307/460607.Davidson, Joyce, et al. “Embodying Emotion Sensing Space: Introducing Emotional Geographies.” Social and Cultural Geography, vol. 5, no. 4, 2004. Routledge.Davis, Fred. Yearning for Yesterday, A Sociology of Nostalgia. The Free P, 1979.Fussell, Edwin Sill. The French Side of Henry James. New York: Columbia UP, 1990.Hanssen, Beatrice, editor. Benjamin and the Arcades Project. Continuum, 2006.James, Henry. A little Tour in France. Electronic Classics Series. Edited by Jim Manis, Pennsylvania State U, 2008.——. “A Small Boy and Others.” Henry James: Autobiography. Edited by F. W. Dupee, Criterion Book, 1956, pp. 3-236. Archive Org.——. “Occasional Paris.” Portraits of Places. Macmillan And Co., 1883. Cambridge UP, 2009, pp. 75-95.——. Parisian Sketches: Letters to the New York Tribune 1875-1876. Edited and with an introduction by Leon Edel and Ilse Dusoir Lind, New York UP, 1957. Archive Org.——. The Ambassadors. 1903. Preface by Henry James. Edited and with an introduction by Christopher Butler. 2nd ed., Oxford UP, 2008.——. “The Art of Fiction.” Virgil Org. virgil.org/dswo/courses/novel/james-fiction.pdf.——. The Art of Travel. Edited and with an introduction by Morton Dauwen Zabel, Doubleday & Company Inc., 1958. Archive Org.Landau, John. “The Story of the Story: The Ambassadors.” A Thing Divided: Representation in the Late Novels of Henry James. Associated UP, 1996, pp. 56-77.Michael, Mary Kyle. “Henry James’ Use of the Word Wonderful in The Ambassadors.” Modern Language Notes, vol. 75, no. 2, Feb. 1960, pp. 114-17. JSTOR, doi: 10.2307/3039829.Nilsen, Micheline. “Haussmann and The Railways.” Railways and the Western European Capitals: Studies of Implantation in London, Paris, Berlin, and Brussels. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, pp. 69-80.Oltean, Roxana. “From Romance to Redemption.” Henry James’ Europe: Heritage and Transfer. Edited by Dennis Tredy et al. Open Book Publishers, 2011, pp. 17-38.Oxford Reference Library. Oxford Reference. Oxford UP, 2018. “Constantin Guys.” www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095913518.Porter, Carolyn. “Henry James: Visionary Being.” Seeing and Being: The Plight of the Participant Observer in Emerson, James, Adams, and Faulkner. Wesleyan UP, 1986, pp. 121-64.Righter, William. American Memory in Henry James: Void and Value. Edited by Rosemary Righter, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 2004.Tuan, Yi-Fu. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1974.Turner, W. Victor. “Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage,” pp. 46+. zh.scribd.com/document/150017372/Betwixt-and-Between-The-Liminal-Period-in-Rites-de-Passage-pdf.Urry, John. “Time and Space in the Consumption of Place.” Consuming Places. Routledge, 1994, pp. 1-30.Walker, Pierre A., and Greg W. Zacharias, editors. The Complete Letter of Henry James, 1855-1872. Introduction by Alfred Habegger, U of Nebraska P, 2006, vol. 2. zh_TW dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/THE.NCCU.ENG.004.2019.A09 en_US
