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題名 《慾望街車》中的焦慮男人氣慨
The Manhood with Anxiety in A Streetcar Named Desire
作者 徐承遠
Hsu, Cheng-Yuan
貢獻者 姜翠芬
Jiang, Tsui-Fen
徐承遠
Hsu, Cheng-Yuan
關鍵詞 田納西．威廉斯
《慾望街車》
男人氣慨
焦慮
Tennessee Williams
A Streetcar Named Desire
Manhood
Anxiety
日期 2020
上傳時間 3-Aug-2020 17:17:37 (UTC+8)
摘要 田納西．威廉斯的《慾望街車》於1947年首映，這部戲的成功使他成為美國重要的劇作家之一。該劇引起觀眾和讀者廣泛關注的原因之一是性別議題，它描繪了男女之間的性別不平等，也因為這樣，男主角史丹利受到批評家和觀眾大量的譴責。透過這部戲，威廉斯似乎在父權中強調了男人的力量和霸權力。
然而，許多批評家很少關注劇中男性角色的男人氣慨。鮮少學者對當時劇中環境的分析，來探討這些男性角色承受的男人包袱。換句話說，劇中的男性被忽略了。
在劇中，可以看出社會定義的男人氣慨受到高度重視，從四個男性角色：史丹利，米奇，艾倫和史蒂夫，可以看出男人對男人氣慨有相當大責任。藉由《慾望街車》對男性角色努力證明自己男人氣慨的描述，本論文主張他們對男人氣慨充滿焦慮。
Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire premiered in 1947; its success elevated him to the top rank of America’s playwrights. One reason the play aroused much attention among audiences and readers was because of its representation of gender issue. The play depicts gender inequality between men and women. It is inevitable that the male protagonist, Stanley, rarely steers clear of the denunciations by the critics and audiences. Through this play, Williams seems to accentuate men’s power and dominance in a patriarchal system.
However, many of the critics pay less attention to manhood of the male characters as an important gender issue in this play. What is more, there is no analytical exploration of the environment where all of these male characters’ demonstration of manhood is expected and requested. In other words, male characters’ manhood seems to be ignored.
In the play, the concept of manhood as defined by society is highly regarded, entailing serious responsibility for the four male characters, Stanley, Mitch, Allan, and Steve, to live up to the ideals. All of them struggle with their manhood in a society and historical period when it is difficult to provide income, protect their family, and embrace homosexuality. With an emphasis on Williams’ depiction of male characters, this thesis argues that A Streetcar Named Desire reveals men’s anxiety about their manhood because they are supposed to authenticate their manhood with strenuous efforts.
參考文獻 Bak, John S. “Criticism on A Streetcar Named Desire: A Bibliographic Survey, 1947-2003.” Cercles, Oct. 2004, pp. 3-32.
Bigsby, C. W. Modem American Drama 1945—1990. Cambridge, 1992.
Bird, Sharon R. “Welcome to the Men’s Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity.” Gender and Society, vol. 10, no. 2, 1996, pp. 120-132. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/189829. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.
Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape. Fawcett Publications, 1993.
Brustein, Robert. “America’s New Culture Hero: Feelings Without Words.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 1988, pp. 7-31.
Cardullo, Bert. “Drama of Intimacy and Tragedy of Incomprehension: A Streetcar Named Desire Reconsidered.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 1988, pp.79-92.
Connell, R W. Masculinities. U of California P, 2005.
Dickerson, Roy. E. Growing into Manhood. Association P, 1933.
Fang, Wei. “Blanche’s Destruction: Feminist Analysis on A Streetcar Named Desire.” Canadian Social Science, vol.4, no.3, 2008, pp. 102-108.
Geis, Deborah R. “Deconstructing (A Streetcar Named) Desire: Gender Re-citation in Belle Reprieve.” American Drama, vol. 11, no. 2, 2002. Gale Literature Resource Center, Accessed 19 Apr. 2020.
Gussow, Mel. “Critic’s Notebook; Has Stanley Kowalski Become an Unactable Role?” The New York Times, 14 Mar. 1988, https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/theater/critic-s-notebook-has-stanley-kowalski-become-an-unactable-role.html. Accessed 29 Dec. 2019.
Griswold, Robert L. “Manhood in America: A Cultural History.” Journal of Social History, vol. 30, no. 4, 1997, pp. 999-1001. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/198908946?accountid=10067.
Hammack, Phillip L and Eric P. Windell. “Psychology and the Politics of Same-Sex Desire in the United States: An Analysis of Three Cases.” History of Psychology, vol. 14, no. 3, 2011, pp. 220-48.
Hammarén, Nils, and Thomas Johansson. “Homosociality: in Between Power and Intimacy.” SAGE Open, vol. 4, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-11.
Hayman, Ronald. Tennessee Williams: Everyone Else Is an Audience. Yale UP, 1993.
Hegarty, Peter. “Homosexual Signs and Heterosexual Silences: Rorschach Research on Male Homosexuality from 1921 to 1969.” Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 12, no. 3, 2003, pp. 400–423. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3704894. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.
Isay, R. A. “Heterosexually married homosexual men: Clinical and developmental issues.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 68, no .3, 1998, pp. 424-432.
Jesmin, U. H. Ruhina. “A Psychoanalytic Insight into Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire—Psychic Strength from Defense Mechanism.” Journal of Literature and Art Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, Mar. 2012, pp. 404-409.
Kann, Mark E. “The Culture of Manhood.” A Republic of Men: The American Founders, Gendered Language, and Patriarchal Politics, NYU P,1998, pp. 5-29. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg73c.5. Accessed 5 Feb. 2020.
Kimmel, Michael S. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. Oxford UP, 2006.
---. The Gendered Society. Oxford UP, 2011.
---. The History of Men. State U of New York P, 2005.
Kitch, Carolyn. “Destructive Women and Little Men: Masculinity, the New Woman, and Power in 1910s Popular Media.” Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, vol.1, no. 1, 1999.
Kolin, Philip C. ““it’s Only a Paper Moon”: The Paper Ontologies in Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire.” Modern Drama, vol. 40, no. 4, 1997, pp. 454-467. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/198802774?accountid=10067.
Koprince, Susan. “Domestic Violence in A Streetcar Named Desire.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Infobase, 2009, pp. 49-60.
Krutch, Joseph Wood. “Modernism” in Modern Drama: A Definition and an Estimate / Joseph Wood Krutch. Cornell UP, 1953.
Leibman, Nina C. “Sexual Misdemeanor/Psychoanalytic Felony.” Cinema Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, 1987, pp. 27-38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1225337. Accessed 10 July 2019.
Macfadden, Bernarr. Manhood and Marriage. Physical Culture Pub. Co, 1916.
“manhood, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, September 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/113455. Accessed 20 Sep. 2019.
“masculinity, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, December 2019, www.oed.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/view/Entry/114566?redirectedFrom=masculinity+&. Accessed 20 Dec. 2019.
May, Elaine Tyler. “History Without Victims: Gays in World War II.” Reviews in American History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1991, pp. 255-259. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2703080. Accessed 19 Mar. 2020.
Manegold, Catherine S. “The Odd Place of Homosexuality in the Military.” New York Times, 18 Apr. 1993, https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/18/weekinreview/the-odd-place-of-homosexuality-in-the-military.html. Accessed 28 Feb 2020.
McGinn, Kathleen L., and Eunsil Oh. “Gender, Social Class, and Women’s Employment.” Special Issue on Inequality and Social Class. Current Opinion in Psychology 18, 2017, pp. 84-88.
McDonough, Carla J. Staging Masculinity: Male Identity in Contemporary American Drama. McFarland & Co, 1997.
Mintz, Steven. “Introduction: Does the American Family Have a History? Family Images and Realities.” OAH Magazine of History, vol. 15, no. 4, 2001, pp. 4-10. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25163456. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019.
Messner, Michael A. “The Limits of ‘The Male Sex Role’: An Analysis of the Men’s Liberation and Men’s Rights Movements’ Discourse.” Gender and Society, vol. 12, no. 3, 1998, pp. 255-276. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/190285. Accessed 15 July 2019.
Panda, Ramnarayan. “Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire: A Study in Sexual/Textual Politics.” The IUP Journal of English Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2016, pp. 50-56.
Reichardt, Ulf, and Sabine Sielke. “What Does Man Want? The Recent Debates on Manhood and Masculinities.” Amerikastudien / American Studies, vol. 43, no. 4, 1998, pp. 563-575. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41157417. Accessed 15 July 2019.
“Polack, n. and adj.” OED Online, Oxford U P, December 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/146735. Accessed 1 Jan. 2020.
Romer, C. D. “Great Depression.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 Dec. 2003. https://eml.berkeley.edu/~cromer/Reprints/great_depression.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Sharp, William. “An Unfashionable View of Tennessee Williams.” The Tulane Drama Review, vol. 6, no. 3, 1962, pp. 160-171. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1124941. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Shaw, Irwin. “The Brutal Beauty of A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Review of A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams. The New Republic, 23 Dec. 1947, newrepublic.com/article/131954. Accessed 25 Apr. 2019.
Schrock, Douglas, and Michael Schwalbe. “Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 35, 2009, pp. 277-295. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27800079. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Seigle, Lauren. “Blanche Dubois: An Antihero.” Journal of the Arts & Sciences Writing Program, no. 2, 2010, pp. 42-48.
“The Great Depression.” khanacademy.org, n. d. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/great-depression/a/the-great-depression. Accessed 25 March. 2020.
Toles, George. “Blanche Dubois and the Kindness of Endings.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2009, pp. 61-82.
Tripkovic-Samardzic,Vesna. “Contradictions of Society in Tennessee Williams.” British and American Studies, vol. 22, 2016, pp. 49-56,252. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1802495756?accountid=10067.
Vlasopolos, Anca. “Authorizing History: Victimization in A Streetcar Named Desire.” Theatre Journal, vol. 38, no. 3, 1986, pp. 322-338. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3208047. Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.
Williams, Tennessee, and Al. Hirschfeld. A Streetcar Named Desire / Tennessee Williams: with a Foreword by Jessica Tandy and an Introduction by the Author; Illustrations by Al Hirschfeld. Bookman, 1982.
Winchell, Mark Royden. “The Myth Is the Message, or Why Streetcar Keeps Running.” Contemporary Literary Criticism Select, Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center, https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1100004108/LitRC?u=nccu&sid=LitRC&xid=7b43f625. Accessed 4 Dec. 2019. Originally published in Confronting Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire: Essays in Critical Pluralism, edited by Philip C. Kolin, Greenwood Press, 1993, pp. 133-145.
Weissman, Philip. “Psychopathological Characters in Current Drama A Study of a Trio of Heroines.” American Imago, vol. 17, no. 3, 1960, pp. 271-288. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26301740. Accessed 2 June 2020.
描述 碩士
國立政治大學
英國語文學系
106551005
資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106551005
資料類型 thesis
dc.contributor.advisor 姜翠芬zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisor Jiang, Tsui-Fenen_US
dc.contributor.author (Authors) 徐承遠zh_TW
dc.contributor.author (Authors) Hsu, Cheng-Yuanen_US
dc.creator (作者) 徐承遠zh_TW
dc.creator (作者) Hsu, Cheng-Yuanen_US
dc.date (日期) 2020en_US
dc.date.accessioned 3-Aug-2020 17:17:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.available 3-Aug-2020 17:17:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 3-Aug-2020 17:17:37 (UTC+8)-
dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0106551005en_US
dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/130888-
dc.description (描述) 碩士zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系zh_TW
dc.description (描述) 106551005zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) 田納西．威廉斯的《慾望街車》於1947年首映，這部戲的成功使他成為美國重要的劇作家之一。該劇引起觀眾和讀者廣泛關注的原因之一是性別議題，它描繪了男女之間的性別不平等，也因為這樣，男主角史丹利受到批評家和觀眾大量的譴責。透過這部戲，威廉斯似乎在父權中強調了男人的力量和霸權力。
然而，許多批評家很少關注劇中男性角色的男人氣慨。鮮少學者對當時劇中環境的分析，來探討這些男性角色承受的男人包袱。換句話說，劇中的男性被忽略了。
在劇中，可以看出社會定義的男人氣慨受到高度重視，從四個男性角色：史丹利，米奇，艾倫和史蒂夫，可以看出男人對男人氣慨有相當大責任。藉由《慾望街車》對男性角色努力證明自己男人氣慨的描述，本論文主張他們對男人氣慨充滿焦慮。		zh_TW
dc.description.abstract (摘要) Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire premiered in 1947; its success elevated him to the top rank of America’s playwrights. One reason the play aroused much attention among audiences and readers was because of its representation of gender issue. The play depicts gender inequality between men and women. It is inevitable that the male protagonist, Stanley, rarely steers clear of the denunciations by the critics and audiences. Through this play, Williams seems to accentuate men’s power and dominance in a patriarchal system.
However, many of the critics pay less attention to manhood of the male characters as an important gender issue in this play. What is more, there is no analytical exploration of the environment where all of these male characters’ demonstration of manhood is expected and requested. In other words, male characters’ manhood seems to be ignored.
In the play, the concept of manhood as defined by society is highly regarded, entailing serious responsibility for the four male characters, Stanley, Mitch, Allan, and Steve, to live up to the ideals. All of them struggle with their manhood in a society and historical period when it is difficult to provide income, protect their family, and embrace homosexuality. With an emphasis on Williams’ depiction of male characters, this thesis argues that A Streetcar Named Desire reveals men’s anxiety about their manhood because they are supposed to authenticate their manhood with strenuous efforts.		en_US
dc.description.tableofcontents Table of Contents

Acknowledgement iv
Chinese Abstract vi
English Abstract vii
Chapter One 1
Chapter Two 14
Chapter Three 44
Chapter Four 64
Works Cited 68		zh_TW
dc.format.extent 708923 bytes-
dc.format.mimetype application/pdf-
dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106551005en_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 田納西．威廉斯zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 《慾望街車》zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 男人氣慨zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) 焦慮zh_TW
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Tennessee Williamsen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) A Streetcar Named Desireen_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Manhooden_US
dc.subject (關鍵詞) Anxietyen_US
dc.title (題名) 《慾望街車》中的焦慮男人氣慨zh_TW
dc.title (題名) The Manhood with Anxiety in A Streetcar Named Desireen_US
dc.type (資料類型) thesisen_US
dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Bak, John S. “Criticism on A Streetcar Named Desire: A Bibliographic Survey, 1947-2003.” Cercles, Oct. 2004, pp. 3-32.
Bigsby, C. W. Modem American Drama 1945—1990. Cambridge, 1992.
Bird, Sharon R. “Welcome to the Men’s Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity.” Gender and Society, vol. 10, no. 2, 1996, pp. 120-132. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/189829. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.
Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape. Fawcett Publications, 1993.
Brustein, Robert. “America’s New Culture Hero: Feelings Without Words.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 1988, pp. 7-31.
Cardullo, Bert. “Drama of Intimacy and Tragedy of Incomprehension: A Streetcar Named Desire Reconsidered.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 1988, pp.79-92.
Connell, R W. Masculinities. U of California P, 2005.
Dickerson, Roy. E. Growing into Manhood. Association P, 1933.
Fang, Wei. “Blanche’s Destruction: Feminist Analysis on A Streetcar Named Desire.” Canadian Social Science, vol.4, no.3, 2008, pp. 102-108.
Geis, Deborah R. “Deconstructing (A Streetcar Named) Desire: Gender Re-citation in Belle Reprieve.” American Drama, vol. 11, no. 2, 2002. Gale Literature Resource Center, Accessed 19 Apr. 2020.
Gussow, Mel. “Critic’s Notebook; Has Stanley Kowalski Become an Unactable Role?” The New York Times, 14 Mar. 1988, https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/14/theater/critic-s-notebook-has-stanley-kowalski-become-an-unactable-role.html. Accessed 29 Dec. 2019.
Griswold, Robert L. “Manhood in America: A Cultural History.” Journal of Social History, vol. 30, no. 4, 1997, pp. 999-1001. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/198908946?accountid=10067.
Hammack, Phillip L and Eric P. Windell. “Psychology and the Politics of Same-Sex Desire in the United States: An Analysis of Three Cases.” History of Psychology, vol. 14, no. 3, 2011, pp. 220-48.
Hammarén, Nils, and Thomas Johansson. “Homosociality: in Between Power and Intimacy.” SAGE Open, vol. 4, no. 1, 2014, pp. 1-11.
Hayman, Ronald. Tennessee Williams: Everyone Else Is an Audience. Yale UP, 1993.
Hegarty, Peter. “Homosexual Signs and Heterosexual Silences: Rorschach Research on Male Homosexuality from 1921 to 1969.” Journal of the History of Sexuality, vol. 12, no. 3, 2003, pp. 400–423. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3704894. Accessed 13 Apr. 2020.
Isay, R. A. “Heterosexually married homosexual men: Clinical and developmental issues.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 68, no .3, 1998, pp. 424-432.
Jesmin, U. H. Ruhina. “A Psychoanalytic Insight into Blanche in A Streetcar Named Desire—Psychic Strength from Defense Mechanism.” Journal of Literature and Art Studies, vol. 2, no. 3, Mar. 2012, pp. 404-409.
Kann, Mark E. “The Culture of Manhood.” A Republic of Men: The American Founders, Gendered Language, and Patriarchal Politics, NYU P,1998, pp. 5-29. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qg73c.5. Accessed 5 Feb. 2020.
Kimmel, Michael S. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. Oxford UP, 2006.
---. The Gendered Society. Oxford UP, 2011.
---. The History of Men. State U of New York P, 2005.
Kitch, Carolyn. “Destructive Women and Little Men: Masculinity, the New Woman, and Power in 1910s Popular Media.” Journal of Magazine & New Media Research, vol.1, no. 1, 1999.
Kolin, Philip C. ““it’s Only a Paper Moon”: The Paper Ontologies in Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire.” Modern Drama, vol. 40, no. 4, 1997, pp. 454-467. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/198802774?accountid=10067.
Koprince, Susan. “Domestic Violence in A Streetcar Named Desire.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Infobase, 2009, pp. 49-60.
Krutch, Joseph Wood. “Modernism” in Modern Drama: A Definition and an Estimate / Joseph Wood Krutch. Cornell UP, 1953.
Leibman, Nina C. “Sexual Misdemeanor/Psychoanalytic Felony.” Cinema Journal, vol. 26, no. 2, 1987, pp. 27-38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1225337. Accessed 10 July 2019.
Macfadden, Bernarr. Manhood and Marriage. Physical Culture Pub. Co, 1916.
“manhood, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, September 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/113455. Accessed 20 Sep. 2019.
“masculinity, n.” OED Online, Oxford UP, December 2019, www.oed.com.autorpa.lib.nccu.edu.tw/view/Entry/114566?redirectedFrom=masculinity+&. Accessed 20 Dec. 2019.
May, Elaine Tyler. “History Without Victims: Gays in World War II.” Reviews in American History, vol. 19, no. 2, 1991, pp. 255-259. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2703080. Accessed 19 Mar. 2020.
Manegold, Catherine S. “The Odd Place of Homosexuality in the Military.” New York Times, 18 Apr. 1993, https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/18/weekinreview/the-odd-place-of-homosexuality-in-the-military.html. Accessed 28 Feb 2020.
McGinn, Kathleen L., and Eunsil Oh. “Gender, Social Class, and Women’s Employment.” Special Issue on Inequality and Social Class. Current Opinion in Psychology 18, 2017, pp. 84-88.
McDonough, Carla J. Staging Masculinity: Male Identity in Contemporary American Drama. McFarland & Co, 1997.
Mintz, Steven. “Introduction: Does the American Family Have a History? Family Images and Realities.” OAH Magazine of History, vol. 15, no. 4, 2001, pp. 4-10. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25163456. Accessed 15 Dec. 2019.
Messner, Michael A. “The Limits of ‘The Male Sex Role’: An Analysis of the Men’s Liberation and Men’s Rights Movements’ Discourse.” Gender and Society, vol. 12, no. 3, 1998, pp. 255-276. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/190285. Accessed 15 July 2019.
Panda, Ramnarayan. “Tennessee Williams’ A Streetcar Named Desire: A Study in Sexual/Textual Politics.” The IUP Journal of English Studies, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2016, pp. 50-56.
Reichardt, Ulf, and Sabine Sielke. “What Does Man Want? The Recent Debates on Manhood and Masculinities.” Amerikastudien / American Studies, vol. 43, no. 4, 1998, pp. 563-575. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41157417. Accessed 15 July 2019.
“Polack, n. and adj.” OED Online, Oxford U P, December 2019, www.oed.com/view/Entry/146735. Accessed 1 Jan. 2020.
Romer, C. D. “Great Depression.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 20 Dec. 2003. https://eml.berkeley.edu/~cromer/Reprints/great_depression.pdf. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Sharp, William. “An Unfashionable View of Tennessee Williams.” The Tulane Drama Review, vol. 6, no. 3, 1962, pp. 160-171. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1124941. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Shaw, Irwin. “The Brutal Beauty of A Streetcar Named Desire.” The Review of A Streetcar Named Desire, by Tennessee Williams. The New Republic, 23 Dec. 1947, newrepublic.com/article/131954. Accessed 25 Apr. 2019.
Schrock, Douglas, and Michael Schwalbe. “Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts.” Annual Review of Sociology, vol. 35, 2009, pp. 277-295. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27800079. Accessed 11 Dec. 2019.
Seigle, Lauren. “Blanche Dubois: An Antihero.” Journal of the Arts & Sciences Writing Program, no. 2, 2010, pp. 42-48.
“The Great Depression.” khanacademy.org, n. d. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/great-depression/a/the-great-depression. Accessed 25 March. 2020.
Toles, George. “Blanche Dubois and the Kindness of Endings.” Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire, edited by Harold Bloom, Chelsea House Publishers, 2009, pp. 61-82.
Tripkovic-Samardzic,Vesna. “Contradictions of Society in Tennessee Williams.” British and American Studies, vol. 22, 2016, pp. 49-56,252. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1802495756?accountid=10067.
Vlasopolos, Anca. “Authorizing History: Victimization in A Streetcar Named Desire.” Theatre Journal, vol. 38, no. 3, 1986, pp. 322-338. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3208047. Accessed 11 Dec. 2018.
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dc.identifier.doi (DOI) 10.6814/NCCU202000852en_US