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題名 置身事外的當事者: 從同理心看十九世紀英美小說
Detached sympathy in the long nineteenth century: Frankenstein, Jane Eyre, and The Portrait of a Lady作者 蘇俞文
Su, Yu-Wen貢獻者 曾思旭<br>陳音頤
Justin Prystash<br>Chen, Yin-I
蘇俞文
Su, Yu-Wen關鍵詞 同理心
共感
公正的觀察者
科學怪人
簡愛
一位女士的肖像
Sympathy
fellow-thinking
Frankenstein
Jane Eyre
The Portrait of a Lady日期 2020 上傳時間 1-Feb-2021 13:56:37 (UTC+8) 摘要 作者認為心理小說透過想像力回應了同理心在十九世紀的發展。這些心理小說，藉由細膩描繪書中主人翁的「共感」(fellow-thinking)，從而重新定義了亞當·斯密（Adam Smith）闡述同理心中對一位「公正的觀察者」(impartial spectator)的功能。這公正的旁觀者可以被視為個人良心的人格化，以一個獨立（儘管是看不見的）人物左右主人翁的想法與判斷。在這些小說中，人物依據對這個公正的旁觀者所作的判斷，改變自己的行為。在本文討論的三本心理小說中，維克多·弗蘭肯斯坦（Victor Frankenstein）、簡·愛（Jane Eyre）和伊莎貝爾·阿切爾（Isabel Archer）試圖在遭遇的各樣衝突中與自我對話，成為一位公正的旁觀者：然而，弗蘭肯斯坦的逝去源於無法成功地與他的創造物(the Creature)，也就是他的「旁觀者」達成共識。另一方面，儘管簡·愛（Jane Eyre）與羅切斯特（Rochester）身心靈的契合呈現一個臻於完美的同理心，但此同理心卻未免顯得過度理想化、不真實，因為若不是藉由文末超自然力量的協助，兩位主人翁無法再次相遇，這種完美的同理也將無法實現。與弗蘭肯斯坦和簡·愛不同，《一位女士的肖像》中的伊莎貝爾在不幸的婚姻中重新審視她的意識，也就是與她「公正的觀察者」的重新對話，從本來身為一位不切實際的夢想家轉變為一位客觀的觀察者，並在苦難中獲得自我救贖。
This thesis describes sympathy’s development with fiction in the long nineteenth century. It argues that psychological novels respond to sympathy in the theatric imagination through fellow-thinking. Through discussions of psychological novels, this dissertation argues that these novels facilitate characters’ fellow-thinking in order to redefine the function of what Adam Smith sees as an “impartial spectator.” It seems that, in these novels, characters modify their actions according to their interpretations of the judgements cast by this impartial spectator, an entity which can be considered a separate (albeit unseen) character which functions as a conscience.In these three psychological novels, Victor Frankenstein, Jane Eyre, and Isabel Archer try to position themselves as this impartial spectator in the conversation or enter into conflict with the other characters, nature, and consciousness: Frankenstein is unable to successfully negotiate his position vis-a-vis a theatric “impartial observer,” his creature, and, as a result, dies. Although Jane Eyre’s sympathy with Rochester is perfect, this idealized sympathy is nonetheless shadowed by the supernatural voice. Without the help (rather than the hindrance) of this force, this perfect sympathy is impossible. Different from Frankenstein and Jane, Isabel in The Portrait is transformed from an absorbed thinker to a more objective observer through her relationship with Osmond. By successfully negotiating her relationship with her conscience, “impartial observer,” her accomplishment redeems her from her suffering.參考文獻 Works CitedAblow, Rachel. The Marriage of Minds. Stanford University Press, 2007.Bennett, Kelsey L. Principle and Propensity: Experience and Religion in the Nineteenth-Century British and American Bildungsroman. University of South Carolina Press, 2014.Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Ed. Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.Boudreau, Kristin. “Henry James’s Inward Aches.” The Henry James Review, vol. 20, no. 1, Johns Hopkins University Press 1999.Britton, Jeanne M. Vicarious Narratives: A Literary History of Sympathy, 1750-1850. Oxford University Press, 2019.---“Novelistic Sympathy in Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein.’” Studies in Romanticism, vol. 48. no. 1, Boston University, 2009, pp. 3-22.Brewer, John. “Sentiment and Sensibility.” The Cambridge History of English Romantic Literature, edited by James Chandler, Cambridge University Press, 2009.Bruner, Jerome. “The Narrative Construction of Reality.” Critical Inquiry, vol. 18, no. 1, University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp.1-21.Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.Brissenden, R. F. Virtue in Distress: Studies in the Novel of Sentiment from Richardson to Sade. New York: Barnes &Noble, 1974.Caruth, Cathy. “Turning Back to Literature.” PMLA, vol. 124, no. 4, 2010.Chao, Shun-liang. “Shelley’s Frankenstein as a Book of Love and Despair.” Comparative Literature and Culture, vol. 21, no. 5, 2019.Clery, E. J. The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, 1762–1800. Cambridge University Press, 1999.Colavito, Jason. “Introduction,” ‘A Hideous Bit of Morbidity’: An Anthology of Horror Criticism from the Enlightenment to World War I. McFarland, 2012.Cohon, Rachel, “Hume’s Moral Philosophy.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. Fall 2018. 22 Feb. 2019. retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/hume-moral/, 2020.Cvetkovich, Anne. Mixed Feelings: Feminism, Mass Culture, and Victorian Sensationalism. Rutgers University Press, 1992.Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. The Modern library, 1977.Endersby, Jim. “Sympathetic Science: Charles Darwin, Joseph Hooker, and the Passions of Victorian Naturalists,” Victorian Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, Indiana University Press, 2009, pp. 299–320.Franklin, J. Jeffrey. “The Merging of Spiritualities: Jane Eyre as Missionary of Love.” Nineteenth-Century Literature. vol. 49, no. 4, University of California Press, 1995, pp. 456-482.Freud, Sigmund. “Remembering, Repeating and Working-Through.” The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud: The Case of Schreber, Papers on Technique and Other Works. vol. 12. Ed. James Strachey. London : The Hogarth Press, 1958. 145-156.Gallagher, Catherine. “Marxism and the New Historicism.” The New Historicism. Edited by H. Aram Veeser. New York: Routledge, 1989.Gilbert, Sandra M., and Susan Gubar. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. CT: Yale University Press, 1978.Greiner, Rae. “Sympathy Time: Adam Smith, George Eliot, and the Realist Novel.” Narrative, vol.17, no 3, The Ohio State University Press, 2009.-- Sympathetic Realism in Nineteenth-Century British Fiction. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.Griffen, Andrew. “Fire and Ice in Frankenstein.” The Endurance of “Frankenstein”: Essays on Mary Shelley’s Novel. Ed. George Levine and U. C. Knoepflmacher. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1979.Gordon, Charlotte. Romantic Outlaws: The Extraordinary Lives of Mary Wollstonecraft and Mary Shelley. Random House, 2015.Habegger, Alfred. “Henry James and the ‘Woman Business.’” Cambridge Studies in American Literature and Culture, vol. 32, Cambridge University Press, 2004.Hadley, Tessa. Henry James and the Imagination of Pleasure. Cambridge University Press, 2009.Hague, Angela. Fiction, Intuition, and Creativity: Studies in Brontë, James, Woolf, and Lessing. The Catholic University of America Press, 2003.--“Charlotte Brontë and Intuitive Consciousness.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language, vol. 32, no. 4, 1990, pp. 584-601.Haidt, Jonathan. “The Moral Emotions.” Handbook of Affective Sciences, edited by R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, and H. H. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 852-870.Hatch, James C. “Disruptive Affects: Shame, Disgust, and Sympathy in Frankenstein.” European Romantic Review. vol. 19, no. 1, 2008, pp. 33–49.Heller, Lee E. “Frankenstein and the Cultural Uses of Gothic: A Cultural Perspective on Frankenstein,” retrieved from https://www.usask.ca/english/frank/heller.htm, 2020.Hennelly, Mark M. “Jane Eyre’s Reading Lesson.” ELH, vol. 51, no. 4, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984, pp. 693-717.Hinton, Laura. “Giving Isabel an ‘Ado’ (Adieu): Sympathy and Sadomasochism in Henry James’s Preface to The Portrait of a Lady.” Women’s Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal vol. 28, no.3, 1999, pp. 303-33.Hogan, Patrick Colm. Affective Narratology: The Emotional Structure of Stories. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska, 2011.Hetherington, Naomi. “Creator and Created in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.” Keats-Shelley Review. vol. 11, 1997, pp.1-39.Horne, Richard H. A New Spirit of the Age. vol 2. London: Smith, Elder and Company, 1844.Hume, David. The Philosophical Works of David Hume. vol, 2, edited by A. Black and W. Tait, Edinburgh: 1826.--- A Treatise of Human Nature, vol. 1, Clarendon Press, 2007.Hume, Robert D. “Gothic Versus Romantic: A Revaluation of the Gothic Novel” PMLA, vol. 84, no. 2, 1969.Jaffe, Audrey. Scenes of Sympathy: Identity and Representation in Victorian Fiction Ithaca. Cornell University Press, 2000.James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.Kant, Immanuel. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Hackett Publishing Company, 1993.Karpenko, Lara. “‘So Extraordinary a Bond’: Mesmerism and Sympathetic Identification in Charles Adams’s Notting Hill Mystery.” Strange Science: Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian, edited by Lara Karpenko and Shalyn Claggett, University of Michigan Press, 2017.Keen, Suzanne. Empathy and the Novel. Oxford University Press, 2010.Kornbluh, Anna L. “The Economic Problem of Sympathy: Para-basis, Interest, and Realist Form in Middlemarch,” ELH, vol. 77, no. 4, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010, pp. 941–67.Kucich, John and Taylor, Jenny. “Introduction.” The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820-1880. Oxford University Press, 2012.Lamb, Jonathan. The Evolution of Sympathy in the Long Eighteenth Century. Pickering & Chatto, 2009.LaCapra, Dominick. “‘Acting-Out’ and ‘Working-Through’ Trauma.” Eclipse of Humanity. Yad-Vashem, 2000. CD.-- “Trauma, Absence, Loss.” Critical Inquiry 25, 1999.Laird, J. 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國立政治大學
英國語文學系
105551501資料來源 http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105551501 資料類型 thesis dc.contributor.advisor 曾思旭<br>陳音頤 zh_TW dc.contributor.advisor Justin Prystash<br>Chen, Yin-I en_US dc.contributor.author (Authors) 蘇俞文 zh_TW dc.contributor.author (Authors) Su, Yu-Wen en_US dc.creator (作者) 蘇俞文 zh_TW dc.creator (作者) Su, Yu-Wen en_US dc.date (日期) 2020 en_US dc.date.accessioned 1-Feb-2021 13:56:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.available 1-Feb-2021 13:56:37 (UTC+8) - dc.date.issued (上傳時間) 1-Feb-2021 13:56:37 (UTC+8) - dc.identifier (Other Identifiers) G0105551501 en_US dc.identifier.uri (URI) http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/133832 - dc.description (描述) 博士 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 國立政治大學 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 英國語文學系 zh_TW dc.description (描述) 105551501 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) 作者認為心理小說透過想像力回應了同理心在十九世紀的發展。這些心理小說，藉由細膩描繪書中主人翁的「共感」(fellow-thinking)，從而重新定義了亞當·斯密（Adam Smith）闡述同理心中對一位「公正的觀察者」(impartial spectator)的功能。這公正的旁觀者可以被視為個人良心的人格化，以一個獨立（儘管是看不見的）人物左右主人翁的想法與判斷。在這些小說中，人物依據對這個公正的旁觀者所作的判斷，改變自己的行為。在本文討論的三本心理小說中，維克多·弗蘭肯斯坦（Victor Frankenstein）、簡·愛（Jane Eyre）和伊莎貝爾·阿切爾（Isabel Archer）試圖在遭遇的各樣衝突中與自我對話，成為一位公正的旁觀者：然而，弗蘭肯斯坦的逝去源於無法成功地與他的創造物(the Creature)，也就是他的「旁觀者」達成共識。另一方面，儘管簡·愛（Jane Eyre）與羅切斯特（Rochester）身心靈的契合呈現一個臻於完美的同理心，但此同理心卻未免顯得過度理想化、不真實，因為若不是藉由文末超自然力量的協助，兩位主人翁無法再次相遇，這種完美的同理也將無法實現。與弗蘭肯斯坦和簡·愛不同，《一位女士的肖像》中的伊莎貝爾在不幸的婚姻中重新審視她的意識，也就是與她「公正的觀察者」的重新對話，從本來身為一位不切實際的夢想家轉變為一位客觀的觀察者，並在苦難中獲得自我救贖。 zh_TW dc.description.abstract (摘要) This thesis describes sympathy’s development with fiction in the long nineteenth century. It argues that psychological novels respond to sympathy in the theatric imagination through fellow-thinking. Through discussions of psychological novels, this dissertation argues that these novels facilitate characters’ fellow-thinking in order to redefine the function of what Adam Smith sees as an “impartial spectator.” It seems that, in these novels, characters modify their actions according to their interpretations of the judgements cast by this impartial spectator, an entity which can be considered a separate (albeit unseen) character which functions as a conscience.In these three psychological novels, Victor Frankenstein, Jane Eyre, and Isabel Archer try to position themselves as this impartial spectator in the conversation or enter into conflict with the other characters, nature, and consciousness: Frankenstein is unable to successfully negotiate his position vis-a-vis a theatric “impartial observer,” his creature, and, as a result, dies. Although Jane Eyre’s sympathy with Rochester is perfect, this idealized sympathy is nonetheless shadowed by the supernatural voice. Without the help (rather than the hindrance) of this force, this perfect sympathy is impossible. Different from Frankenstein and Jane, Isabel in The Portrait is transformed from an absorbed thinker to a more objective observer through her relationship with Osmond. By successfully negotiating her relationship with her conscience, “impartial observer,” her accomplishment redeems her from her suffering. en_US dc.description.tableofcontents Acknowledgments iiiChinese Abstract vEnglish Abstract viiIntroduction 1Chapter One: Mapping Frankenstein’s Psychology: Passion, Sympathy, and Moral Regulation in Romantic Subjectivity 26Chapter Two: The Natural Growth of Sympathy and Character in Jane Eyre 60Chapter Three: James’ Formal Experimentation in Sympathy and Suffering in The Portrait of a Lady 81Conclusion 111Works Cited 115 zh_TW dc.format.extent 1185202 bytes - dc.format.mimetype application/pdf - dc.source.uri (資料來源) http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105551501 en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) 同理心 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 共感 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 公正的觀察者 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 科學怪人 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 簡愛 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) 一位女士的肖像 zh_TW dc.subject (關鍵詞) Sympathy en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) fellow-thinking en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Frankenstein en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) Jane Eyre en_US dc.subject (關鍵詞) The Portrait of a Lady en_US dc.title (題名) 置身事外的當事者: 從同理心看十九世紀英美小說 zh_TW dc.title (題名) Detached sympathy in the long nineteenth century: Frankenstein, Jane Eyre, and The Portrait of a Lady en_US dc.type (資料類型) thesis en_US dc.relation.reference (參考文獻) Works CitedAblow, Rachel. The Marriage of Minds. Stanford University Press, 2007.Bennett, Kelsey L. Principle and Propensity: Experience and Religion in the Nineteenth-Century British and American Bildungsroman. University of South Carolina Press, 2014.Bloom, Harold. Introduction. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Ed. Harold Bloom. Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.Boudreau, Kristin. “Henry James’s Inward Aches.” The Henry James Review, vol. 20, no. 1, Johns Hopkins University Press 1999.Britton, Jeanne M. Vicarious Narratives: A Literary History of Sympathy, 1750-1850. Oxford University Press, 2019.---“Novelistic Sympathy in Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein.’” Studies in Romanticism, vol. 48. no. 1, Boston University, 2009, pp. 3-22.Brewer, John. “Sentiment and Sensibility.” The Cambridge History of English Romantic Literature, edited by James Chandler, Cambridge University Press, 2009.Bruner, Jerome. “The Narrative Construction of Reality.” Critical Inquiry, vol. 18, no. 1, University of Chicago Press, 1991, pp.1-21.Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print.Brissenden, R. F. Virtue in Distress: Studies in the Novel of Sentiment from Richardson to Sade. New York: Barnes &Noble, 1974.Caruth, Cathy. “Turning Back to Literature.” PMLA, vol. 124, no. 4, 2010.Chao, Shun-liang. “Shelley’s Frankenstein as a Book of Love and Despair.” Comparative Literature and Culture, vol. 21, no. 5, 2019.Clery, E. J. The Rise of Supernatural Fiction, 1762–1800. Cambridge University Press, 1999.Colavito, Jason. “Introduction,” ‘A Hideous Bit of Morbidity’: An Anthology of Horror Criticism from the Enlightenment to World War I. McFarland, 2012.Cohon, Rachel, “Hume’s Moral Philosophy.” The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Edited by Edward N. Zalta. Fall 2018. 22 Feb. 2019. retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/hume-moral/, 2020.Cvetkovich, Anne. Mixed Feelings: Feminism, Mass Culture, and Victorian Sensationalism. Rutgers University Press, 1992.Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. The Modern library, 1977.Endersby, Jim. “Sympathetic Science: Charles Darwin, Joseph Hooker, and the Passions of Victorian Naturalists,” Victorian Studies, vol. 51, no. 2, Indiana University Press, 2009, pp. 299–320.Franklin, J. 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